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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Tribus | Latini, Latium Town in Latium in the southern foothills of the Alban hills, 18 miles from Rome on the via Appia, modern Lanuvio. Participated in the foedus Cassianum of 493 BC. Loyal to Rome during the Latin War of 340 ( Latin League), L. received the civitas Romana; municipium (338 BC; Liv. 8,14,2), possibly tribus Maecia. Birth-place of the emperors Antoninus Pius and Commodus. The modern settlement is located on top of the ancient town; only the arx (‘castle’), surrounded by a tuff wall, on the hill of…

[German version] [1] Roman road station Roman road station (  statio ) between  Brixia and  Beneventum (It. Burd. 558,9). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography Nissen 2, 981. [German version] [2] Statio, San Pietro in Fine   Statio , named after the curve in the via Latina between  Casinum and  Venafrum, at the 96th milestone near Ad Flexum (CIL X 6901); today San Pietro in Fine (Caserta). Strategically significant, dominated by walls in a polygonal pattern near San Eustachio and Marena-Falascosa, in opus quadratum and incertum near Muraglie Abbandonate. Uggeri, Giovanni (Flo…

A number of towns or townships in Italy had this name, derived from the production of salt there. [German version] [1] Town on the Adriatic coastal road S. is recorded in Tab. Peut. (5,1; cf. Geogr. Rav. 327; [1]) as on the Adriatic coastal road 5 Roman miles north of Ostia Aterni (modern Pescara) and 13 Roman miles south of Hadria on the left bank of the River Salino, which, formed by the confluence of the Tavo and the Fino, marked the border between the Vestini and the Praetuttii, near modern Montesilvano Marina. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Place south of Mons Garganus Place…

[German version] Plain in Sabine territory near Reate (also Rosea, Varro Rust. 2,7,6; 3,2,9; 3,17,6; Rosia, ibid. 3,2,10; Ager Rosulanus, Serv. Aen. 7,712); the most fertile soils in the whole of Italy were there (Varro Rust. 1,7,10). Fest. 355,3 derives the term from arva rore humida ('land moist with dew'). The region was drained in 272 BC under the censor M'. Curius [4] Dentatus by constructing a canal between Lacus Velinus and the Nar, and was thus made agriculturally useful (Cic. Att. 4,15,5). The RR was used for breeding horses, whi…

[German version] (Πανδατερία/ Pandatería). Island in the mare Tyrrhenum (Str. 2,5,19; 5,3,6), modern Ventotene (Latina), west of Cyme [2] and south of Caieta, between the insulae Pontiae (Pontia) and Pithecussae. Iulia [6], Agrippina [2], Octavia [3], the wife of the emperor Nero, and Flavia [3] were exiled there. Extant remains include a villa, an aqueduct, a cistern, a fishpond as well as port facilities. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography C.M. Amici, F. Cifarelli et al., Ventotene: documentazione archeologica, in: G.M. De Rossi (ed.), Le isole Pontine attraverso i …

[German version] Town in Latium adiectum; the modern Val di Comino to the north of  Atina [1] (perhaps San Donato). During the 3rd Samnite War in 293 BC conquered by consul Sp. Carvilius Maximus (Liv. 10,39-44) and destroyed (perhaps in 291 by consul L. Postumius Megellus: Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 16,4,5). Probably not to be identified with C. Ceritum (Ocritum?), where Hanno learned of the defeat at  Beneventum in 212 BC (Liv. 25,14,14). Plin. HN 3,108 lists C. among the ruined towns of the Aequiculi. CIL X p. 507, 5143-56. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 669 G. Devoto, Gli A…

[German version] Island in the Mare Tyrrhenum between Corsica and the Italian mainland (Plin. HN 3,80), probably Montecristo (province of Livorno), a granite outcrop (10.4 km2, alt. 645 m) to the south of Ilva; the Mons Christi inhabited by monks in the 6th cent. AD (Greg. M. Epist. 1,49). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 10, 320-324.

[German version] [1] see Mataurus see Mataurus Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] River in Italy (Liv. 27,47; Mataurus, Tab. Peut. 5,2). River rising in the Umbrian Apennines, flowing past Tifernum and Urbinum through the Ager Gallicus and into the Adriatic to the south of Fanum Fortunae, modern Metauro. In 207 BC it was on the M. that the battle between the Romans and Hasdrubal [3] took place. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography N. Alfieri, La battaglia del M., 1994.

[German version] Cape, forested in ancient times (Hor. Carm. 2,9,7; Hor. Epist. 2,1,202; Sil. 8,629), in Apulia on the eastern coast of Italy, isolated mountainous massif (1065 m high), called Ἀρίονος ὄρος/ Aríonos óros (‘Mountain of Arion’) in Scyl. 14, today Promontorio del Gargano. The MG was an important landmark for maritime navigation and for geographers. To the north were the Lacus Pantanus (modern Lago di Lesina) and the Sinus Urias (modern Lago di Várano) with Uria [3], off the coast the Insulae Diomedeae (modern Trem…

[German version] Town in Latium, probably near Antemnae, inhabited by Siculi and Aborigines; legend has it that Romulus captured and destroyed the town, then ruled by King Acro; Romulus was also supposedly the first to sacrifice   spolia opima to Jupiter Feretrius. There is documentary evidence for the Caeninenses sacerdotes in imperial Rome, but the town itself had disappeared at the latest by the time of Pliny the Elder (HN 3,68). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, 2, 560 Ruggiero, 2, 10.

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum, off the coast of Populonia (Αἰθάλη; Aithálē, Αἰθαλία; Aithalía: Hecat. FGrH 1 F 59; Ps.-Scyl. 6), modern Elba. The limḕn Argôios (λιμὴν Ἀργῷος) is supposed to have been founded by the  Argonauts (Str. 5,2,6; others trace the name back to the white colour of the beach). Settled since the Neolithic. I. was famous for its iron mines, which had been exploited since Etruscan times (smelting slag on Pithecussae and at Populonia). In 453 BC, I. was briefly occupied by Syracusae (Dio…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae | Batavian Revolt Settlement of the Veneti in the lower reaches of the Piave, inhabited from the Bronze Age, linked to the Adriatic by a canal (Str. 5,1,8). O. was municipium of the tribus Papiria ( lex Iulia); later incorporated into the regio X Venetia. As a junction on the via Postumia, it was connected to the city of Concordia; today Oderzo, province of Treviso. O. took the side of Caesar against the Senate, and was rewarded with tax exemption. Archaeological remains: forum, domus with polychrome mosaics (…

[German version] Island in the mare Tyrrhenum near Ilva (Plin. HN 3,81). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] Chain of mountains; a continuation of the Alps from the Colle di Cadibona above Savona to the Straits of Messina, and forming the backbone of the Italian peninsula. Highest point is the Gran Sasso (2912 m) in the Abruzzi. The highest point of the Apuan mountains in  Liguria is the Auginus (today Cimone, 2165 m), a cult site, like Monte Guragazza above Felsina and Monte Falterona above Arezzo near the sources of the Arno; these mountain ranges divided regiones VII and VIII. The  Tiber has its source halfway up the chain in the territory of the Casuentini. Fu…

[German version] [1] An arm-length stick (Latin for καλαῦροψ/ kalaûrops, κορύνη/ korýnē, λαγωβόλον/ lagōbólon, ῥάβδος καμπύλη/ rhábdos kampýlē, ῥόπαλον/ rhópalon, 'rabbit stick'). A knotted stick, the length of an arm, with a curved end, which could also be decorated (Verg. Ecl. 5,888-892). The p edum could be a shepherd's staff (e.g. Anth. Pal. 6,177; Theocr. Epigr. 7,43), but it was also used by hunters as a throwing stick, particularly in hunting hares (Anth. Pal. 6,188; 296). Hence, in literary and artistic representations peda are attributes of such mythical hunters such…

[German version] (Ῥουβίκων; Rhoubíkōn). River whose name, derived from its red colour, is probably preserved in Urgone (dialect form Rigone), a right tributary of the Pisciatello; the latter has its source in the Appennines, flows into the Adriatic 15 km north of Ariminum and today once again bears the name Rubicone. The R. replaced the Aesis in its role as the border river between Italy and the province of Gallia Cisalpina (Cic. Phil. 6,5; Str. 5,1,11; Plin. HN 3,115; App. B Civ. 2,35) in the time…

[German version] Vicus of the Sabini, ager Amiterninus, by the source of the Aternus (modern Pescara) on a rock spur (Str. 5,3,1), after 1204 Civitatomassa (Scoppito, L'Aquila). On a side road of the via Salaria (restored in AD 47 as the via Claudia Nova; CIL IX 5959; Tab. Peut. 5,5 erroneously Erulos), 13 miles after Interocrium (modern Antrodoco), 4 miles before Amiternum. Mentioned in 211 BC because of the passing of Hannibal (Liv. 26,11,11); tribus Quirina. Roman remains. Epigraphy: CIL IX p. 417-420; 4395-4435. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Filippi, s.v. F., EV 2…

[German version] I. Geography Central Italian people and the hilly and mountainous region (flysch in the north, Jurassic lime in the south) they inhabited. It is located in the drainage area of the upper and middle Tiber between the Etruscan Appennines and the Chiana Valley with a narrow access to the eastern coastal area. The mountains run from northwest to southeast, between them lie narrow, sparsely populated valleys and a few broader basins (Tiber Valley, the plain around Lake Trasimenus (Lacus …

[German version] Villa near Capena in the region of the Falisci which served as a statio on the via Flaminia between Rome and Ocriculum, 24 Roman miles from Rome (It. Ant. 124). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Coloniae | Latini, Latium City in Volsci territory on the Ufens (modern Ufente) river in the Ager Pomptinus , modern Sezze. Founded in 382 BC as a Latin colonia (Vell. 1,14), S. set itself against Rome in the Latin War in 340 (Liv. 8,3) and in the Second Punic War in 209 BC (Liv. 27,9; 29,15,5). In 198 BC slaves together with Carthaginian hostages and prisoners interned in S. revolted (Liv. 32,26,5-18). Parts of the city walls have survive…