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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae Town in Umbria on a rise of Monte Subasio, modern Spello. Settled since the 7th cent. BC, connected to the via Flaminia, municipium, Tribus Lemonia, Colonia Iulia (possibly since the Second Triumvirate).The source of the  Clitumnus lay in the territory of H. (Plin. Ep. 8,8,6). Under Constantinus the town was Colonia Flavia Constans with a temple of the Gens Flavia and had the privilege of celebrating annually an Umbrian festival (ILS 705 of 333/337). Archaeology: remains o…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae Town of the  Hirpini in  Campania, on the border of southern Samnium ( Samnites), close to the modern Cività. A colonia under Sulla, Augustus, and Severus Alexander, it rose to   civitas , tribus Galeria. A. is situated on a terrace on the left bank of the Sabato river, west of Atripalda. Two wall circuits are preserved ( opus quadratum, 3rd cent. BC, opus reticulatum with towers and moats of the Augustan colony), also baths, houses, an amphitheatre south of the town outside the walls; aqueduct to …

[German version] City of the Aequi in the Colles Simbruini (modern Simbruini Mountains) in the valley of the upper Anio; modern Trevini nel Lazio, 821 m elevation; municipium of Regio I (Plin. HN 3,64), tribus Aniensis; ethnicon Trebani (ILS 6264;  cf.  Ptol. 3,1,62; Frontin.  Aq. 93,3: T. Augusta). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography S. Quilici Gigli, Appunti di topografia per la storia di Trevi nel Lazio, in: MEFRA 99, 1987, 129-69.

[German version] Vicus of the Vestini ( regio IV) on the upper reaches of the Aternus (Pescara), in the territorium of Peltuinum (CIL IX 3524), and near the church of Santa Maria di Furfona, 15 km south-east of L'Aquila; administered by two aediles. Cult of Jupiter Liber (58 BC; CIL I2, 756). Located on the road between Prifernum and Peltuinum, later named via Claudia Nova. Inscriptions: CIL IX p. 333, 3513-3568. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 442 Ruggiero 3, 1922, 353, s.v. F.

[German version] Station on the via Aurelia, 12 miles outside Rome (It. Ant. 290; Tab. Peut. 5,5), modern La Bottaccia near Castel di Guido. Antoninus Pius died here in his villa (SHA Antoninus Pius 1,8; 12,6). Marcus [2] Aurelius also stayed here (Fronto, Ad Marcum 2,15; 3,20; 5,7). An episcopal see in the 5th cent. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography F. Castagnoli (ed.), La via Aurelia, 1968.

[German version] Settlement in Samnium (cf. Rufrani vicani, ILS 80; 5759), conquered by the Romans early in the 2nd Samnite War in 326 BC (Liv. 8,25,4: Rufrium; Sil. Pun. 8,568), subsequently named castellum Campaniae (Serv. Aen. 7,739) and tribus Teretina (CIL X 4836), on the Via Latina. R. is situated on the middle reaches of the Volturnus in the region of San Felice a Ruvo, west of Presenzano (province of Caserta); remains of a small Roman theatre and statues of Augustus and Agrippa have been found there. Cato praises oil presses from R. (Cato Agr. 22,4; 135,2: ad Rufri Maceriam). …

[German version] River in southern Etruria, modern Mignone, the border between Tarquinia and Caere (Serv. Aen. 10,183; Munio, Rut. Namat. 1,279). Crossed by the Via Aurelia at the confluence of the Graviscae and the Centumcellae. Etruscan fortifications at a Bronze Age settlement above Stazione di Monte Romano, Luni sul Mignone. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 1, 308; 2, 332 L. Banti, Il mondo degli Etruschi, 1969, 61f. BTCGI 9, 287-291.

[German version] River in Samnium (CIL IX 3337-8), flanked by the via Claudia Nova from Amiternum to its confluence with the Tirinus, and by the via Claudia Valeria (CIL IX 5973) to Ostia Aternus (port of the Vestini, vicus and mansio at the junction with the coastal road along the Adriatic, modern Pescara). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Bibl. Top. 13, 1994, 477-488.

[German version] Town in the regio VII (Etruria) at the southern foot of the  Soracte (Verg. Aen. 7,696; Serv. Aen. ad 1; Sil. 8,490) where according to Sil. 13,85 the Capenas (modern Gramiccia?) caused floods. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

[German version] [1] C. Inui Town of the Rutuli (Sil. Pun. 8,359) in the centre of Latium, founded by the kings of Alba Longa (Verg. Aen. 6,775). Abandoned in the archaic period, often confused with C. Novum in Etruria (Rut. Namat. 1,227). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Nibby, Analisi storico-topografica-antiquaria della Carta de' Dintorni di Roma 1, 1848, 440 Nissen 2, 579 O. Toti, 1984. [German version] [2] C. Novum Settlement on the southern coast of Etruria This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus …

[German version] [1] Barrier in a Roman circus Term for the massive elongated barrier that divided a Roman circus into two tracks running in opposite directions. A spina was usually walled and variously decorated (e.g. with statues); at its ends stood the metae (Meta [2]) that marked the turning point of the running track. Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) Bibliography J. Humphrey, Roman Circuses, 1986, Index s. v. S. [German version] [2] City at the mouth of the Spines This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Etrusci, Etruria | Colonization Etruscan city at the mouth of th…

[German version] [1] Military camp in Pannonia inferior Military camp, toll station and civilian settlement near the limes of Pannonia inferior on the Aquincum - - Altinum - Mursa road (It. Ant. 245,3; Not. Dign. Occ. 33,25f.; 38), modern Dunaújváros, district of Fejér in Hungary. This fortification, which was originally made of wood and earth, was probably built by the ala I Augusta Ituraeorum sagittariorum in the late Flavian period. A military base of the ala I Flavia Augusta Britannica (AD 105-106), the ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana (until 118/9) and the ala I Thracum veteranoru…

[German version] [1] Daughter of the emperor Vitellius [II 2], 1st cent. AD Daughter of the emperor Vitellius [II 2] who married her to Valerius [II 2] Asiaticus, governor of the province of Belgica in the year AD 69 (Tac. Hist. 1,59,2). After the death of her father, she was spared  by Vespasian and married to a person of high social status. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier 640, no. 817. [German version] [2] Township in Latium Township in Latium, assumed to be at modern Civitella, first literary mention in connection with the events around Coriola…

[German version] [1] Italian town on Monte Vairano near Campobasso Italian town on Monte Vairano near Campobasso [1]. The description of the military operations of 293 BC at Liv. 10,38-44, decisive for the outcome of the 3rd  Samnitic War, corresponds with the results of more recent excavations (city wall from the 4th cent. BC, three city gates); traces of streets indicate a planned urbanization. Buonocore, Marco (Rome) Bibliography 1 Vetter no. 200 C: Akudunniad. G. De Benedittis, in: S. Capini, E. Arslan (ed.), Samnium, 1991, 127-130. [German version] [2] A town of the  Hirpi…

[German version] [1] Town in Umbria This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Town in  Umbria between  Tiber and Nera, on the via Amerina (a branch of the   via Cassia , which led to  Tuder) 56 miles out from Rome (CIL IX 5833), today Amelia (Terni). According to Cato very old (HRR Cato fr. 49; Plin. HN 3,114). 406 m high chalk walls, which especially on the north side offer protection; these were strengthened with massive polygonal masonry.   Municipium of the   tribus Clustumina . Cults of Jupiter, Mars, Fortuna and seviri augustales are attested. Base of a temple (S. Mar…

[German version] [1] Celtic people in Umbria and Picenum Celtic people which migrated at the end of the 4th cent. BC from the south of Gaul into the area between the Apennine mountains and the Ionios Kolpos (Adriatic) in the region of the Rivers Sena and Tinna in Umbria and Picenum (Liv. 5,35,3). As allies of the Samnites in the third Samnite War, they were defeated by the Romans in 295 BC, and their territory was seized by Rome; they were expelled a few years later ( Ager Gallicus ). Rome founded Sena Gallica there probably in 289 BC (Pol. 2,19,12; Liv. Epit. …

[German version] [1] Ancient city in Latium Ancient city in Latium on the north-eastern foothills of mons Albanus, perhaps today's Roccapriora. It became involved in the Roman wars with the  Aequi: conquered by Cincinnatus in 458 BC (victory at mons Algidus), taken back by the Aequi, then destroyed by consul C. Horatius Pulvillus in 457 (Liv. 3,30). Near C., T. Quinctius Capitolinus defeated the Aequi in 446. Archaeological monuments: a few remnants, Imperial Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Nibby, Analisi storico-topographico-antiquaria della carta…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Caesar | Wine | | Coloniae | Commerce | Oracles | Pilgrimage | Regio, regiones (cf. map). City at the mouth of the Tiber, 16 miles from Rome, of the tribus Voturia ( tribus Palatina for freedmen), later regio I (Italia), connected to Rome by the via Ostiensis. According to Liv. 1,33,9, the colony was founded by Ancus Marcius [I 3] when, having deprived Veii of the silva Mesia, he extended his rule to the coast and set up salt refineries there (cf. CIL XIV 433…

(Τρήβουλα; Trḗboula). [German version] [1] Sabine town This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Town of the Sabini tribe (Str. 5,3,1; Plin. HN 3,107; ILS 442: Mutuesca; Obseq. 41-43: Mutusca), c. 65 km northeast of Rome on a side street of the via Salaria , c. 1 km to the east of Monteleone Sabino (Rieti). In 290 BC, they were probably subjugated by the Romans like the other Sabini (cf. Flor. Epit. 1,10; Oros. 3,22,11); still a vicus (ILS 21a) in 149 BC. After the abolition of the prefectures it became a municipium , tribus Sergia, with octoviri (cf. ILS 6554)…

[German version] [1] Inhabitants of the pagi on the hills of the Roman Septimontium According to Varro Ling. 6,24,5-7, the inhabitants of the pagi on the hills of the Roman Septimontium, distinguished from the inhabitants of the other pagi. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Inhabitants of the Ligurian Maritime Alps Inhabitants of the Ligurian Maritime Alps (Liv. 28,46,11; 14; 40,41,5; Plin. HN 3,135), who often served in the Roman army (cf. Tac. Hist. 2,14). Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography G. Barruol, Les peuples préromains du sud-est de la Gaule, 1969, 364.