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Senones

(630 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Demarolle, Jeanne-Marie (Nancy)
[German version] [1] Celtic people in Umbria and Picenum Celtic people which migrated at the end of the 4th cent. BC from the south of Gaul into the area between the Apennine mountains and the Ionios Kolpos (Adriatic) in the region of the Rivers Sena and Tinna in Umbria and Picenum (Liv. 5,35,3). As allies of the Samnites in the third Samnite War, they were defeated by the Romans in 295 BC, and their territory was seized by Rome; they were expelled a few years later ( Ager Gallicus ). Rome founded Sena Gallica there probably in 289 BC (Pol. 2,19,12; Liv. Epit. …

Fibrenus

(57 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Left tributary of the Liris in Latium in the region between Sora and Arpinum, modern Fibreno. At its mouth was the location of Cicero's villa (Cic. Leg. 2,6), remains of which are thought to be recognizable in the abbey of San Domenico near Isola del Liri. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen vol. 2, 670.

Camerinum

(160 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria Town in Umbria ( regio VI) in the Apennines between the rivers Potenza and Chienti on the border with Picenum, modern Camerino. Allied with Rome by an aequo foedere from 309 BC (Liv. 9,36), it supported Scipio in 205 BC in his fight against Hannibal (Liv. 28,45); Marius granted Roman citizenship to two cohorts from C. in the war against the Cimbri. Municipium of the tribus Cornelia. Septimius Severus confirmed the rights of the municipes Camertes (CIL XI 5631). Mosaic on the Piazza Garibaldi, finds in S. G…

Compsa, Cossa

(134 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Town of the Hirpini in the regio II on the border to Lucania, modern Conza della Campania (Province of Avellino). Located on a height by the upper  Aufidus, at the crossing to the Sele valley (Sella di Conza). Involved in the Second Punic War, Hannibal's base of operations after Cannae (216 BC), but it was reconquered by Fabius Maximus (214 BC). In the Social War on Rome's side (Vell. 2,16). Municipium of the tribus Galeria. Cults of the Mater Deum and Iupiter Vicilinus in agro Compsano (Liv. 24,44,8). Epigraphy: CIL IX, p. 88, 963-993, Roman sarcophagi, episcopal…

Corbio

(179 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam)
[German version] [1] Ancient city in Latium Ancient city in Latium on the north-eastern foothills of mons Albanus, perhaps today's Roccapriora. It became involved in the Roman wars with the  Aequi: conquered by Cincinnatus in 458 BC (victory at mons Algidus), taken back by the Aequi, then destroyed by consul C. Horatius Pulvillus in 457 (Liv. 3,30). Near C., T. Quinctius Capitolinus defeated the Aequi in 446. Archaeological monuments: a few remnants, Imperial Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Nibby, Analisi storico-topographico-antiquaria della carta…

Nomentum

(155 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | Latini, Latium (or Numentum). Latin town founded by Alba Longa (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 2,53; Verg. Aen. 6,773; 7,706) in Sabine territory on the left bank of the Tiber on the Via Nomentana (Tab. Peut. 5,5), 14 miles north east of Rome, modern Mentana. Member of the Latin League (Latini, with map). N. received the civitas Romana, under a dictator, in 338 BC (Liv. 8,14,3). Martial praised N., especially the merits of its vineyards (Mart. 2,38; 10,48; 13,119; Columella 3,2f.; Plin. HN 14,23; 48) and …

Tarracina

(210 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | | Coloniae Originally Anxur (Liv. 4,59,4), a city of the Ausoni and the Volsci on a rocky promontory on the coast of Latium Adiectum, modern Terracina (Latina). Conquered in 406 BC by the Romans who established a colonia maritima ( Coloniae C.) there in 329 BC. T. was linked to Rome in 312 BC by a stretch of the via Appia ( decumanus maximus). Municipium of the tribus Oufentina. The city wall survives, as does the 'Forum Aemilianum' (paved by Aulus Aemilius, modern P…

Mandela

(70 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Pagus (‘district) in the land of the Sabini (Hor. Epist. 1,18,105) at the confluence of Digentia and Anio, later Massa Mandelana (CIL XIV 3482), modern Mandela near Vicovaro. Near M. Chalcolithic tomb chambers and a Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Lugli, La villa sabina di Orazio, in: Monumenti antichi, pubblicati dall' Accademia dei Lincei 31, 1926, 457-598 C. F. Giuliani, in: Tibur 2, 1966, 67-77.

Aventia

(23 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] River in the  Apuani region in Etruria (Tabula Peutingeriana), possibly that known today as the Avenza. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

Suessa Pometia

(139 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae City in Latium, not located. Colony of Alba Longa, occupied by the Volsci, destroyed by Tarquinius Superbus (Liv. 1,53,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,50; Tac. Hist. 3,72); conquered again by the Romans in 495 BC (Liv. 2,17,1; 2,25,6; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,29). According to [1; 2], SP refers to the pre-Volscan phase of Satricum (10th-6th cent. BC), according to [3; 4], it is identical to Apiolae or can be located in a pre-Roman city discovered at Cisterna di Latina. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 C. M. Stibbe, …

Aesis

(78 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] River, forming the border between  Picenum and the  Senones (Liv. 5,35), later taken as Umbrian ( Umbria), modern Esino. From its source on the territory of Sentinum, it runs to the Adriatic, where its mouth is bridged by the   via Flaminia at the   statio ad Aesim (modern Falconara Marittima) (large cistern: three parallel water chambers). The A. valley was known for its excellent cheeses (Plin. 3,112; 11,241). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Q. Maule, SE 59, 1993, 87-102.

Portus

(1,551 words)

Author(s): Sauer, Vera (Stuttgart) | Wiegels, Rainer (Osnabrück) | Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) | Huß, Werner (Bamberg) | Et al.
[German version] [1] Artificially extended harbour complex near Ostia This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre An artificial harbour complex, created under the emperor Claudius (AD 41-54) to extend the harbour of Ostia (with plan) and enlarged under Trajan (AD 98-117), c. 3 km northwest of Ostia. The Claudian harbour basin ( c. 80 hectares) was protected from the sea by a mole structure (but not actually safe; in AD 62 almost 200 ships went down in a storm: Tac. Ann. 15,18) and marked by a lighthouse (cf. plan: 1) (according to Suet. C…

Ostia

(807 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Kockel, Valentin (Augsburg)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Tribus | Caesar | Wine | | Coloniae | Commerce | Oracles | Pilgrimage | Regio, regiones (cf. map). City at the mouth of the Tiber, 16 miles from Rome, of the tribus Voturia ( tribus Palatina for freedmen), later regio I (Italia), connected to Rome by the via Ostiensis. According to Liv. 1,33,9, the colony was founded by Ancus Marcius [I 3] when, having deprived Veii of the silva Mesia, he extended his rule to the coast and set up salt refineries there (cf. CIL XIV 433…

Bovillae

(146 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Town in Latium, colony of Alba Longa, ancestral seat of the gens Iulia, 11 miles south-east of Rome in Frattocchie near the via Appia, which had been extended to B. in 294 BC. B. became a municipium under Sulla. In 52 BC, it was the location of the dispute between Clodius and Milo. In memory of the obsequies of Augustus, Tiberius erected a memorial to the gens Iulia in B. (Tac. Ann. 2,41). Monuments: remains of quadratic town walls made from tufa ( lapis peperinus) near Due Santi, and also of the arcades of a circus and a theatre. Villa of Domitianus. Aqueducts and three cister…

Iulium Carnicum

(105 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Venetic | Coloniae Venetic, later Celtic ( Carni) settlement centre, probably constituted as a Roman vicus after the attack of the  Iapodes in 52 BC. Municipium since Augustus, colonia since Claudius. Location: on the road from Aquileia to Aguntum. Local Belenus cult. After its destruction, most likely by  Alaricus [2], the inhabitants moved to the hill of San Pietro, modern Zuglio. Archaeology: forum with porticus, capitolium, in the south a basilica; thermae; aqueduct; early Christian cemetery basilica. Uggeri, Giova…

Leucosia

(238 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Frey, Alexandra (Basle) | Senff, Reinhard (Bochum)
(Λευκωσία; Leukōsía). [German version] [3] Island on the Lucanian coast (Mela 2,7,121; Plin. HN 3,83: Leucothea) on the Punta della Licosa, modern Isola Piana. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Brugnoli, s.v. L., EV 3, 1987, 196f. BTCGI 9, 1991, 5; 14, 1996, 505f. [German version] [1] One of the three post-Homeric Sirens One of the three post-Homeric Sirens, who no longer - as with Homer - appear in a group but as individuals: L. reaches south-west Italy through colonization. Consequently her suicide (she plunges into the sea) is local…

Clitumnus

(167 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Small river in Umbria, tributary of the Tiberis, modern Timia. The sources of the C. (between Spoletium and Fulginiae below Trebiae) were made famous by Plin. Ep. 8,8; Caligula and Honorius visited them; they were surrounded by chapels for the god of the same name and other oracle deities, taken care of by the citizens of Hispellum; sacraria of a statio of the via Flaminia (It. Burd. 613); villae in the surrounding area. In S. Salvatore de Piscina (6th cent. AD) reused stones and inscriptions have been used in buildings (CIL II 4963). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography…

Falesia

(75 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Harbour on the Etruscan coast opposite Ilva (modern Elba), 12 miles south of Populonia (It. Ant. 501; Faleria, Rut. Namat. 1,371, should be corrected to Falesia [2]). In the Middle Ages Porto di Felesa [1], modern Piombino (Livorno). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 G. Targioni Tozzetti, Relazione d'alcuni viaggi fatti in diverse parti della Toscana 4, 1751, 250 2 R. Gelsomino, Nota a Rut. Nam. 1,371, in: Rivista di Cultura Classica e Medioevale 15, 1973, 35-47.

Martis, ad

(117 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
Various stations derived their names from a cult site of Mars ad ( fanum) Martis. [German version] [1] Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae Station on the road through the Alpes Cottiae above Segusio at the confluence of the Bardonecchia and the Dora Riparia, modern Oulx. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Station in Etruria Station in Etruria near Pescia on the Via Cassia between Pistoriae and Luca. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [3] Station in Umbria Station in Umbria on the Via Flaminia, 74 miles from Rome, between Narnia and Mevania ( Vicus Martis …

Mons Circeius

(149 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Cape on the Tyrrhenian Sea, said by the sources to have been an island connected to the mainland by silting (Theophr. C. plant. 5,8,3; Plin. HN 2,201), modern Circeo (513 m high). The MC has been identified with the island of Circe (Hom. Od. 12,9; Hes. Theog. 1011f.). In the Roman period, Circe and Athena were venerated here (CIL X 6422; Strab. 5,3,6). The grave mound of Elpenor was displayed (Ps.-Scyl. 8). Nearby: villa of Domitian. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography T. Ashby, Monte Circeo, in: MEFRA 25, 1905, 147-209  G. Lugli, Circeii, 1928  R. Righi, La villa di…

Soracte

(178 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Limestone ridge (691m), present-day Soratte to the northwest of Sant’Oreste, cut off from the Appennines in South Etruria in the territory of the Falisci to the right of the Tiber between the via Flaminia in the west and the via Tiberina in the east. It dominates the Campagna Romana and is visible from Rome (Hor. Carm. 1,9). Apollo (Verg. Aen. 11,785; Sil. Pun. 5,175; 7,662; 8,492; sanctus Soranus Apollo: ILS 3034). The Manes and Dis Pater Soranus were worshipped as a cult. At its base lies Feronia with a sanctuary to the Sabine goddess of the sam…

Salpinates

(31 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Community in Etruria, probably near modern Orvieto; allies of the Volsinii against Rome in 392/1, but without success (Liv. 5,31,5; 32,2). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 339.

Auser

(59 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] River in the Apennine Mountains (Plin. HN 3,50) in the territory of the Apuani; rising near Luca, it used to discharge into the Arnus near Pisa; nowadays, it has its own mouth into the Tyrrhenian Sea; modern Serchio. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography F. Castagnoli, SE 20, 1948-49, 285-90 G. Ciampoltrini, SE 58, 1992, 53-74; SE 59, 1993, 59-86.

Xiphonia

(78 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] (Ξιφωνία; Xiphōnía). Port (Scyl. 13) and headland (Str. 6,2,2) on the eastern coast of Sicily on an elongated  sword-like (cf. ξίφος/ xíphos, 'sword') peninsula in the east of Megara [3], on which the king Frederick II  founded the city of Augusta in the 13th cent. X. played an important part in connection with Hannibal's [2] sea manoeuvres in 263 BC (Diod. 23,4,1). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, 1981, 62, 241 f.

Amiternum

(166 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre Town of the  Sabini (Str. 5,3,1; Liv. 38,45,19) in a fertile region, situated on a terrace, the source of the river Aternus, which gives its name to the town (Varro, Ling. 5,28); modern Vittorino near L'Aquila on the via Caecilia between Rome and Hadria. A Roman   praefectura from 293 BC, it then became a   municipium of the tribus Quirina with   octoviri . Birthplace of  Sallustius (86 BC). Augustan theatre ( opus reticulatum), leaning against the hillside; an amphitheatre (90 x 68 m…

Trebula

(357 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Gargini, Michela (Pisa)
(Τρήβουλα; Trḗboula). [German version] [1] Sabine town This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus Town of the Sabini tribe (Str. 5,3,1; Plin. HN 3,107; ILS 442: Mutuesca; Obseq. 41-43: Mutusca), c. 65 km northeast of Rome on a side street of the via Salaria , c. 1 km to the east of Monteleone Sabino (Rieti). In 290 BC, they were probably subjugated by the Romans like the other Sabini (cf. Flor. Epit. 1,10; Oros. 3,22,11); still a vicus (ILS 21a) in 149 BC. After the abolition of the prefectures it became a municipium , tribus Sergia, with octoviri (cf. ILS 6554)…

Tifernus

(77 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] River in Samnium (Samnites; Plin. HN 3,103; 3,106; Ptol. 3,1,18: Φιτέρνος/ Phitérnos), modern Biferno. It rises on T. Mons (modern Matese), forms the border with Campania, flows through the territory of the Pentri of Bovianum and Fagifulae, separates the Frentani from the Larinates (Larinum) and flows into the Adriatic (Ionios Kolpos) to the south of Buca (modern Termoli). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Barker, A Mediterranean Valley, 1995  S. P. Oakley, The Hill-Forts of the Samnites, 1995, 107-120.

Ager Caecubus

(65 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Swamp in  Latium (on the Lago di Fondi with a floating island) close to the ancient Amyclae, famous for its wines, especially the sorts Falernus and Setinus (CIL VI 9797). Verified in Rome by numerous amphoras with the inscription Caec(ubum vinum); at the time of Pliny, however, this wine had already become a rarity (Plin. HN 14,61). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

Iguvium

(320 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Italy, languages | Oracles Town in Umbria on a hill in the upper valley of the Tiber, controlled an important traffic route linking the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts via the Pass of Scheggia (63 m), modern Gubbio. Minted its own coins ( IKVVINI, IKVVINS [1. 140-152]). After 268 BC it was civitas foederata (Cic. Balb. 47). In 167 BC the Illyrian king Genthius was interned here (Liv. 45,43,9). After the Social War it was municipium, tribus Clustumina. Pompey's base in the Civil War; occupied by Ca…

Scultenna

(64 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Right-hand tributary of the Padus (Po) in Aemilia, which flows down from the Apennines from the territory of the Ligures Friniates (Liv. 41,12,18) into the region of Mutina. In the valley of the S. sheep were bred (particularly soft wool, cf. Str. 5,1,12: Σκουλτάννα). Today the river is called Scoltenna in the mountains, Panaro on the plain. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

Mugilla

(35 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] (Liv. 2,39; Ethnikon Μογιλλανοί, Dion. Hal. ant. 8,36,2). Oppidum in Latium at Corioli. The gens of the Papirii Mugillani (Papirius) presumably originated there. Its precise location is unknown. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

Herculaneus rivus

(96 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Branch of the aqua Marcia in Rome behind the horti Pallantiani (Frontin. Aq. 19,8) south of the porta Tiburtina, which supplied the regiones I, XI and XII via the Caelius mons and the Porta Capena. The association of a Herculaneus rivus (HR) with the aqua Virgo in Plin. HN 31,42 is probably due to a mistake. Another HR was the permanent spring that supplied the Anio novus 38 miles east of Rome at the via Sublacensis (Frontin. Aq. 15,4f.). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Richardson, 17f. D. Cattolini, s.v. H.r., LTUR 1, 1993, 69.

Cluviae

(95 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Main centre of the  Carricini in Samnium, mentioned for events in 311 BC (Liv. 9,31,2f.); municipium since the 1st cent. BC, tribus Arnensis; birthplace of Helvidius Priscus (Tac. Hist. 4,5). Archaeological monuments: remains on the Piano Laroma at Aventino near Cásoli (Chieti); opus incertum and reticulatum; theatre in opus reticulatum with audience seating adjoining the city walls; thermal springs; domus suburbana with mosaics. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. La Regina, C. e il territorio Carecino, in: RAL 22, 1967, 87-99 A. Pellegrino, Il Sann…

Triturrita

(26 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Late Roman villa (Rut. Nam. 1,531; Portus [7] Pisanus) on the coast of the Mare Tyrrhenum at modern Livorno. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

Gorgone

(84 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] (Rut. Namat. 1,515; Γοργόνη/ Gorgónē, Ptol. 3,1,78; Ὀργών/ Orgṓn, Steph. Byz. s.v.; Lat. Urgo, Plin. HN 3,81; Gorgona from the time of Gregory the Great). Small island in the mare Ligusticum between Pisa and Corsica; modern Gorgona. Eneolithic (early 2nd millennium BC) finds in the Grotta di San Gorgonio. A bronze crater from Vulci was found on the coast (late 6th cent. BC, today in the Vatican Museum). In the north, ruins of a Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography BTCGI 8, 1990, 161-163.

Frusino

(126 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] (modern Frosinone). City in Latium adiectum on the via Latina, seven miles from Ferentinum on a hill (291 m) left of Cosa (modern Acquosa). In 306 BC it instigated a rebellion of the Hernici (Diod. Sic. 20,80), whose leaders were executed in 303; a third of F.'s territory was confiscated (Liv. 10,1,3) and F. was reduced to a praefectura. After the Social War municipium, tribus oufentina; in the Imperial period colonia (CIL X 5662f.; [1. 233]). Early historical finds, remains of city wall and amphitheatre; aqueduct (Ponte della Fontana). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibl…

Hadria

(247 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Tribus | | Coloniae | Coloniae | Regio, regiones (modern Atri). At first Hatria, later H., town 7 km west of the Adriatic coast in the south of Picenum ( regio V) between the Vomanus (modern Vomano; Sil. Pun. 8,438) and the Matrinus (modern Piomba). Founded by the Siculi and Liburni, captured by the Piceni. After its subjugation a colonia Latina was founded (289 BC; Liv. per. 11) that minted coins bearing the legend HAT(ria) (cf. Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἁτρία). Municipium, tribus Maecia [1. 64], recolonized by Sulla or Augustus. T…

Fregenae

(97 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Tribus | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae City on the Tyrrhenian coast in South Etruria ( regio VII) at the mouth of the Aro, which drains the lacus Sabatinus. Half-way (9 miles from  Ostia and  Alsium) between the via Portuensis and the via Aurelia (It. Ant. 300), modern Maccarese. In 245 BC, a colonia of Roman citizens (Liv. per. 19; Vell. Pat. 1,14,8). Inscriptions: CIL XI p. 549. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. Branchini, F. e dintorni, 1991 Nissen 2, 350 Ruggiero 3, 216.

Lucretilis

(52 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Mons amoenus (‘a delightful mountain’) in the territory of the Sabines, mentioned by Hor. Carm. 1,17 as close to his villa near Digentia (Licenza), possibly Monte Gennaro, which is visible from Rome. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography A. De Angelis, P. Lanzara, Monti Lucretili, 1980 E. A. Schmidt, Sabinum, 1997.

Lucus Feroniae

(279 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] [1] Southern sanctuary in the region of Capena This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae Southern Etruscan sanctuary in the region of Capena (Liv. 1,30) on the Tiber below Soracte in a forest sacred to Feronia. The cult is said to have been founded at the initiative of Propertius, the king of Veii (Cato fr. 48 P). According to Liv. 1,30,5, a sheep and wool market was held here every year from the time of Tullus Hostilius onwards. Hannibal plundered the treasure of the sanctuary in 21…

Aufidus

(108 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Largest river in Apulia (134 km in length), modern Ofanto. It forms the border between Daunia and Peucetia (Pol. 3,110,9; Liv. 22,44; Str. 6,3,9; Plin. HN 3,102; Ptol. 3,1,15; Plut. Fab. 15). It rises near Compsa, flows around Monte Voltur, is crossed by the via Appia at the statio of Pons A., and passes through Canusium, where it is still crossed by an extant bridge of the via Traiana, and through Cannae. The port (ad Aufidum/Aufidena) at its mouth into the Adriatic served as a statio of the coastal road. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Civiltà antiche del medio…

Barpana

(20 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Island between the Etruscan coast and Corsica, possibly Scoglio d'Affrica (Formica di Montecristo). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)

Montani

(92 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) | Lafond, Yves (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Inhabitants of the pagi on the hills of the Roman Septimontium According to Varro Ling. 6,24,5-7, the inhabitants of the pagi on the hills of the Roman Septimontium, distinguished from the inhabitants of the other pagi. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) [German version] [2] Inhabitants of the Ligurian Maritime Alps Inhabitants of the Ligurian Maritime Alps (Liv. 28,46,11; 14; 40,41,5; Plin. HN 3,135), who often served in the Roman army (cf. Tac. Hist. 2,14). Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography G. Barruol, Les peuples préromains du sud-est de la Gaule, 1969, 364.

Astura

(153 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] River in Latium (Fest. 418,20f.: Stura; Str. 5,3,6), modern Torre Astura, running from   mons Albanus through the Pomptine marshes to the coast between Antium and the Circeius mons, its mouth opposite the island of the same name (Plin. HN 3,57; 81). In 338 BC, this was the site of the battle of the consul Maenius against the Latini and Volsci (Liv. 8,13,5; 12). Cicero owned a villa there, his retreat after the death of his daughter; also, a villa of Augustus and Tiberius (remains of a large-scale fish pond and a pergola on the island -- then linked by a brid…

Parma

(234 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] [1] A City on the later via Aemelia This item can be found on the following maps: Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Coloniae | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Regio, regiones Established in 183 BC as a colonia, together with Mutina in the region neighbouring the Boii (formerly Tusci) (Liv. 39,55,6-8) on the P., a right-hand tributary of the Padus, with 2,000 Roman citizens each with eight iugera of land; tribus Pollia, in the r egio VIII Augustea (Aemilia) from the time of Augustus, still called P. today. The city was situated on what was to become later  the via Aemilia betw…

Faesulae

(281 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Theatre | Umbri, Umbria | Coloniae | Etrusci, Etruria | Etrusci, Etruria | Natural catastrophes Town in northern Etruria ( regio VII) on a rise above Florence north of the Arno, modern Fiesole. Etruscan name Vipsl [1. 675ff.]. Mentioned by Pol. 2,25,6 in relation to the Celtic invasion of 225 BC. In 217 Hannibal marched from F. to Lake Trasimena (Pol. 3,80; 82). In the Social War, F. was destroyed by L. Porcius Cato (Flor. 2,6,1…

Horta

(115 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Umbri, Umbria ( Hortanum, Plin. HN 3,52). Etruscan town on a volcanic mountain to the right of the Tiber, modern Orte; a place of commercial importance where several roads meet. Settled since the 6th cent. BC (necropolis of Le Piane), municipium after the  Social War [3], tribus Stellatina [1. 85]. Connected by a bridge with the vicus of the river port on the left bank of the river; recorded as Castellum Amerinum in the Tab. Peut. Remains of quays, warehouses, baths. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography 1 W. Kubitschek, Im…

Lacus Albanus

(76 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Lake in the largest of the volcanic craters of the mons Albanus , where Alba Longa and various villas were located, e.g. those of Pompey and Domitian, as well as the Castra Albana of Septimius Severus. In 398 BC the water level was regulated through a drainage channel (Liv. 5,15; Cic. Div. 1,100). Famous wines grew on the slopes (Plin. HN 14,64; 23,33). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography P. Chiarucci, Albano Laziale, 1988.

Collatia

(146 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Colonia Latina of Alba Longa on the left bank of the Anio between Rome and Tibur. Occupied by the Sabini, conquered by Rome under Tarquinius Priscus. Well known on account of the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius. A gateway in Rome is named after C. (cf. Paul Fest. 33,18ff.), as is the via Collatina (Frontin. Aq. 5). After the decline of the city (Plin. HN. 3,68), many grand villae were built in the area (archaeological discoveries). C. is identified with the fortress of Lunghezza on a hill to the left of the Anio, where finds have been made of…

Sulmo

(160 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Italy, languages (Σουλμῶν; Soulmôn). City of the Paeligni (Str. 5,4,2; Ptol. 3,1,64), regio IV, present-day Sulmona (L'Aquila). The city became a Roman ally in 304 BC (Liv. 9,45; Diod. Sic. 20,101), municipium, tribus Sergia from 89 BC. The design of the city is orthogonal (400 × 400 m), centres of the Paeligni were located on the hills to the south around the basin of S. (cf. Colle Mitra, Piano della Civitella, Colle Tassito). Remnants of a sanctuary of Hercules Curinus were f…
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