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[German version] Roman Cognomen (‘Mouse’) in the family of the Decii (Decius [I 1-3]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 328.

[German version] [1] Th., Sp. People's tribune in the period after the death of C. Sempronius [I 11] Gracchus in 121 BC and author of an agrarian law (Agrarian laws) which brought to an end the work of the Gracchian commission for distributing the ager publicus . The identification and dating of the author and the precise content of the law are unclear: according to Cicero (Brut. 136, cf. De or. 2,284), T. freed the a ger publicus "from leasehold by means of a damaging and worthless law" or "with a lease by means of a damaging and worthless law". According to Appian (B C…

Name of a Roman patrician clan (also Cloulius, RRC 260, 332 and Cluilius) that was reputed to have moved to Rome (Liv. 1,30,2) after the destruction, by King Tullus Hostilius, of Alba Longa, of which a C.C. had sovereignty (Liv. 1,22,3f.). According to later tradition, the clan was descended from a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 48) and was accorded particular respect in the earliest Republic. The connection between this family and the bearers of this name in the later Republic is unclear. [German version] [1] Commander of the Volscians in 443 BC Commander of the Volscians in 443 BC, def…

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Postumii (Postumius [I 13-15]); tradition has it that it was granted to the first Postumius to bear it for his victory in the battle at Lacus Regillus in 496 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 183.

[German version] Italian family name, in inscriptions also Taddius. There is literary evidence in the Republican period only of P. T., a businessman and the legate of C. Verres in Sicily 73-71 BC (Cic. Verr. 2,2,49; 2,5,63) - perhaps identical with the acquaintance of T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus (Cic. Att. 1,5,6; 1,8,1) - and Q. T., his relative (brother?), who also had business with Verres (Cic. Verr. 2,1,128; 2,1,130; 2,4,31). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘victor over Fidenae’), transmitted for the Sergii and Servilii of the early Republican era (5th/4th cents. BC); the dictator Q.  Servilius Priscus allegedly captured the town of Fidenae in Latium in 435 and subsequently was given the epithet (Liv. 4,45,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 181 F. Münzer, s.v. Servilius, RE II A 2, 1789f.; 1803f. W. Reichmuth, Die lat. Gentilicia, 1956, 55.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('wide-footed'), hereditary in the family of the Munatii (Munatius [I 2-5], [II 6]); fem. form Plancina (Munatia Plancina). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 241.

[German version] Leader of the Lucanians in the Social Wars [3] 90 BC, and one of the twelve praetors of the league (App. B Civ. 1,181). Under the command of Pontius Telesinus, L. fought successfully against P. Licinius [I 15] Crassus (App. B Civ. 1,184; cf. Frontin. Str. 2,4,16). L. continued the fight until 87 in Bruttium, and then allied himself with the Marians. In 82, he and others vainly attempted to free C. Marius (cos. 82), who had been surrounded in Praeneste by L. Cornelius [I 90] Sull…

[German version] Name of one of the leading families of Praeneste until 82 BC, only attested in inscriptions (CIL I2 188-191 et passim). The famous Ficoronian Cista was given by a Dindia Magcolnia (= ‘ ‘wife of M. ’) to her daughter (ILS 8562). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Papirii, probably denoting origins in Mugilla. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 182.

[German version] ‘The one-eyed’ (Enn. Scaen. 67f. V.2 in Varro, Ling. 7,71; Plin. HN 11,150), used as a nickname. Cognomen of  Horatius C. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3A, 1828.

Rare Roman family name. [German version] C., C. Initially the scribe of Scipio Africanus Maior, in 173 BC after a prior, voluntarily withdrawn application he became praetor with Sardinia as his province. After the victory over the Corsicans he triumphed in 172 in monte Albano against the will of the Senate; in 168 he dedicated a temple to Juno Moneta. In 167 a member of the commission for the reorganization of Illyria. (MRR 1,408; 435). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography E. Badian, The scribae of the Roman Republic, in: Klio 71, 1989, 584.

[German version] Cognomen in the family of the Iuventii, Iuventius [I 3 and I 4]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 309.

[German version] Elder sister of L. Sergius Catilina, married to the Roman equestrian Q. Caecilius [I 2], who was allegedly killed by his brother-in-law in 81 (Q. Tullius Cic. commentariolum petitionis 9; cf. {{cf.}} Ascon. 84 C). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] In the Republican period, a cognomen (inscriptionally also Ypsaeus) probably of Greek origin in the family of the  Plautii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, first denoting adoption from the family of the Mucii. Especially widespread among the family of the Licinii, later also in other gentes. The most prominent bearers were L. Licinius [I 19] Crassus Dives M. ( cos. 131 BC) and C. Licinius [II 14] M. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 259 2 Ders., FCap, 146 3 Kajanto, Cognomina, 18; 32; 158.

[German version] Victor's epithet of Q.   Caecilius Metellus ( cos. 123 BC), which he assumed after his triumph over the Baleares in 121 (InscrIt 13,1,83). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] A. Sabinus (1st cent. BC) Co-heir of Cicero 45 BC (Cic. Att. 13,13,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Art collector Art collector (Hor. Sat. 1,4,28; 109). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] A., C. (2nd half of 3rd cent. BC) from Cales, executed in 206 BC as a mutineer (Liv. 28,24,13; 29,7). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] A., P. Of praetorian rank before 129 BC Of praetorian rank before 129 BC (?), Member of the consilium of the Senate resolution de agro Pergameno (MRR 3,14). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…

[German version] Roman agnomen ('victor over Numantia') of L. Cornelius [I 70] Scipio Aemilianus Africanus; also used as a cognomen indicating origin. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 199.

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘the fool’) of the Iunii. Its most important bearers are: the (fictitious) founder of the Republic, the first consul of 509 BC -- L. Iunius B. -- (for the role of the cognomen cf. Liv. 1,56,8), C. Iunius Brutus (thrice consul, in 317, 313, and 311 BC), D. Iunius B. Callaicus ( cos. in 138), as well as two of Caesar's murderers in 44 BC, namely D. Iunius B. Albinus and M.  Iunius B. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, attested only in the Imperial period  (Clodius [II 15]; Valerius [II 20-21]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Gladiator from Samnium, mentioned by Lucilius and become proverbial (Cic. Opt. Gen. 17; Ad Q. frat. 3,4,2; Tusc. 4,48). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Rare plebeian gentile name with usage recorded from the 2nd cent. BC (ThlL 2,1601f.). [German version] [1] A. Paetus, L. Cos. suff. 33 BC Cos. suff. 33 BC.; probably procos. of Africa 29/28, celebrated a triumph in 28 ex Africa (Inscr. It. 13,1,87). PIR I2 A 1680. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Paetus, P. A friend of Cicero's in his youth and quaestor together with him in 75 BC A friend of Cicero's in his youth and quaestor together with him in 75 BC (Cic. Sull. 18), in Greece between 73-71 as a legate, probably of M. Antonius (praetor 74) (Syll.3 748, l. 16). Became praetor in …

[German version] Cognomen of Etruscan origin in the families of the Cornelii (Cornelius [20] and lulii and of P. Graecinius L. A follower of M. Antonius [I 9] mentioned by Cicero in 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 2,106; Cic. Att. 16,11,3) bearing the name probably came from a family of the urban nobility of Anagnia, the Abbutii Lacones (ILS 6258). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 81; 153; 316.

Name of a Roman family originating from Arpinum (epigraphically also Grattidius) from a development of the name Grattius (Schulze 427). [German version] [1] Supporter of C. Marius, first victim of the Civil War In 88 BC, G. was supposed to take over the army of the consul Cornelius [I 90] Sulla on behalf of C. Marius and, therefore, was murdered by his soldiers (first victim of the civil wars; Val. Max. 9,7b,1; Oros. 5,19,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] G., M. Praefectus of M. Antonius [I 7] in the fight against pirates A relative of Cicero, died in 102 BC as the praefectus…

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Cluentii ( Cluentius [2]) and others. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, derived from an unknown place name, occurring only in the Lucretii family in the Republican period (Lucretius [I 7; 9-12]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 210.

(or Quintillianus, rarely Quinctil[l]ianus). Roman cognomen, derived from the praenomen Quintus, widespread in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Professor of and author on rhetoric, late 1st cent. Latin teacher of oratory of the last third of the 1st cent. AD; first professor of rhetoric to receive a public salary at Rome. Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) [German version] I. Biography M. Fabius Q. was from Calagurris [2] (modern Calahorra) in northern Spain. His father was at least conversant with rhetoric (Quint. Inst. 9,3,73…

Roman cognomen, indicating adoption by the gens Octavia (Octavius), in the Imperial period also a family name. [German version] [1] First Roman emperor (Augustus) In academic literature, the name O. is often used to denote the first Roman emperor, Augustus, in the period between his testamentary adoption by Caesar in 44 BC and his assuming the epithet Augustus in 27 BC. Born C. Octavius, in 44 he first took the name of his adoptive father C. Iulius Caesar, but never used his other epithet O., as it would only have draw…

Relatively rare Roman family name (for derivation: Varro, Rust. 2,1,10). [German version] [1] E., L. Represented himself as son of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus Adventurer of uncertain origins, who in 102 BC represented himself as the son of the people's tribune Ti.  Sempronius Gracchus, killed in 133. He was acknowledged neither by the censor, Q. Caecilius [I 30] Metellus Numidicus, nor by the sister of Gracchus. As a follower of L. Ap(p)uleius [I 11] Saturninus, in 100 he stood for the post of people's tribune for 99, but was himself killed during the unrest that led to the death of Appuleius. E…

[German version] [1] Platonic philosopher, c. AD 176 (Ἀττικος; Áttikos) Platonic philosopher, mentioned in the chronicle of Eusebios in AD 176 [1. 16, 148], teacher of  Harpocration of Argus, author of commentary on Plato's Timaeus [1. 50, 215f.], Phaedon (?) [1. 30, 190f.] and Phaedrus (?) [1. 42, 197]; the fragments 40-42 Des Places, fr. 40-42 Des Places, which could refer to a commentary on the ‘ Categories of Aristotle [1. 248, 258f.], come from the tract ‘against those who pretend to be able to explain the teachings of Plato through those of Aristotle …

Plebian gentile name. [German version] [1] (Ateius ?), C. Senator (middle of the 1st cent. BC) Senator 54 BC (Cic. Att. 4,17,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Sp. Roman envoy 438 BC Roman envoy, killed by Fidenates in 438 BC (statue on the rostra, Cic. Phil. 9,4 f.; Livy 4,17,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Briso, M. Tribunus plebis 137 BC Tribune in 137 BC, effective in opposing lex tabellaria of L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Brut. 67). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] Restio (?), C. Tribunus plebis probably 68 BC Tribune …

Plebeian gentile name (Schulze 133; ThlL 2,1674f.). The family played an eminent role since the 2nd Punic War but did not achieve a lasting position in the top ranks of Roman nobility during the Republic. The most important family is that of the Tamp(h)ili. The Baebii produced several officials in imperial times. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] B. (Tamphilus), M. Tribunus plebis 103 BC (?), as tribune of the people, he offered resistance against the lex agraria of L.  Appuleius Saturninus in 103 BC (Vir. ill. 73,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] B. Deleg…

[II] Widespread Roman cognomen (‘Gaul’). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] see Cornelius [II 18] Gallus see  Cornelius [II 18] Gallus Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] P.G. Eques, exiled AD 65 Eques, who was friendly with the praef. praet.  Faenius Rufus and the consular  Antistius [II 12] Vetus and was therefore exiled in AD 65 (PIR2 G 66). In Tacitus the name is rendered as Publius Gallus, but that is out of the question. A nomen gentile is concealed behind Publius, perhaps Publilius? Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, in: Splendidissima civitas.…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen. In the Republican Period, confined to the Caecilii Metelli (Caecilius [I 31-32]); found among numerous other gentes in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 251. [German version] [2] Greek grammarian, 2nd or 3rd cent. AD? Grammarian, tentatively dated to the late 2nd or late 3rd cent. AD, active in Memphis and Sparta (Schol. Hom. Od. δ 356; θ 372), i.a.; author of a commentary (EM 821,55) on Homer, the essentials of which (explanations of voca…

Plebeian family name, attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (Schulze, 144; ThlL, Onom. 137f.). [German version] [1] C. Gallus, L. People's tribune 56 BC People's tribune 56 BC; he sought, without success, the reinstatement of Ptolemy Auletes in Egypt (MRR 2,209). In 56 BC, he was defended by Cicero (Fam. 7,1,4), in 51 BC in Athens frequently in his company, and visited him in Rome in 46 BC. He died in 44 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C. Gallus, L. Consul in 37 BC Son of C. [1], consul of 37 BC with M. Vipsanius  Agrippa (MRR 2,395; PIR 22 C 389). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

Roman family name, whose older and inscriptional form is Decumus (Schulze, 159), derived from  Decimus. Historic bearers of the name are documented since the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] D., C. Legate in Egypt 168 BC Legate in Crete in 171 BC, praetor peregrinus in 169, legate in Egypt in 168. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] D., Num. Leader of allies in the war against Hannibal 217 BC from Bovianum in Samnium; in 217, he brought timely help with a contingent of allies to the magister equitum Q. Minucius who was under heavy pressure from Hannibal …

[German version] [1] Vestalin (1st half 1st cent. BC) Vestal in 69 BC at the latest. (Macrob. Sat. 3.13.11). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Arria Camilla (2nd half 1st cent. AD) Probably the daughter of L. Arruntius [II 8] Camillus Scribonianus; must have lived into the Trajanic era (Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 103; PIR2 A 1152). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] Q., Roman officer (46 BC) Q., officer (military tribune ?) of Pompey in Spain in 46 BC. (Dio 43,29,3) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Cn. (middle of the 1st cent. BC) Cn., accuser of M.  Saufeius 52 BC (Ascon. 55C). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Nicolet 2, 779-781. [German version] [3] Died 43 BC Proscribed and murdered in 43 BC (App. B Civ. 4,26). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] Died 68 AD Delator of unknown social rank, lynched by the people in Rome after Nero's death (Plut. Galba 8,7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

Roman nomen gentile, in the form Vitellia also a place name, diminutive of Vitulus (thus [1]). The information on the early history of the family in Suet. Vit. 1,1-3 is fictitious. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] The name is first recorded in the late Republican period. Therefore, the Vitellii fratres, who wanted to topple the young Republic with the Aquilii fratres (Aquillius [I 1]) in 509 BC according to annalistic tradition (Liv. 2,4,1-3; Plut. Publicola 3,4), are fictitious; likewise fictitious is the wife of the founder of the Republic L.…

Italian proper name (Schulze, 158, 456; ThlL, Onom. 2, 566f.) attested from 1st cent. BC, so C. [I 1] below is probably unhistorical. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] C., Q. People's tribune 476 BC People's tribune 476 BC. A later tradition that he proposed an agrarian law with his colleague T. Genucius and initiated a process against the consul of 477, T. Menenius, for not helping the Fabii at the Cremera (Liv. 2,52; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 9,27,2) is of doubtful authenticity. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., Q. Rich senator, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC In 74 BC was judg…

Roman family name, documented from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze 136f.; ThlL, Onom. 54f.). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., M. Official, 1st cent. AD In 74 BC, judge in the first trial of A. Cluentius Habitus, judge in the  Verres trial in 70 BC; in 69 BC, curule aedile together with Cicero (Cic. Verr. 1,29; MRR 2,132). Possibly praetor in 66 BC, because he was regarded as a candidate for the consulship of 63 BC (Cic. Att. 1,1,1); probably identical with the C. mentioned by Cicero (Att. 12,11). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial Age [German version] [II 1] L.C. Lucillus Macer R…

Widespread Roman cognomen and family name (‘rush’) [1. 729; 2. 334]. [German version] [1] I., M. Praetor 76 BC Praetor in 76 BC see  Iunius [I 22] I., M. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Walde/Hofmann 1 2 Kajanto, Cognomina. [German version] [2] I. Vergilianus Senator, one of the circle of Messalina and Silius Senator, who was one of the circle of Messalina and Silius and knew of their marriage; executed in AD 48. His name was perhaps Iunius I. Vergilianus, PIR2 J 712. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of a Roman gens, documented only since the 2nd cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] N., L. People's tribune in 471 BC Member of the first college of people's tribunes (that of 471 BC) whose members are all known (Calpurnius Piso fr. 23 HRR = Liv. 2,58,1; Diod. Sic. 11,68,8). Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [2] N., P. People's tribune in 449 BC, grandfather or great-uncle of Verginia According to tradition, N. was the grandfather or (great) uncle of Verginia; together with her betrothed, L. Icilius [1], he sought to protect he…

Plebeian gentilicium. [German version] [1] see Albanius A. see  Albanius, C. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] L. (1st half 4th cent BC) A., L., at the invasion of the Gauls in 387 BC brought the Vestals safely to Caere (Liv. 5,40,9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] M. (L. ?) consular tribune 379 BC. A., M. (L. ?) consular tribune 379 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] Paterculus, L., tribune of the people 494 and 493 BC A. Paterculus, L., one of the first tribunes of the people 494 and 493 BC. He is not named in all sou…

Rare Latin family name (cf. [1]) and Latin praenomen (abbreviated Ap., in the Imperial period also App.), whose ancient derivation from Sabinian (Lib. praen. 6) is not undisputed; mainly documented for the patrician families of the Claudii Pulchri, rarer among the Claudii Nerones, etc. First documented name-bearer was Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis (Attus Clausus), the founder of the gens Claudia in Rome about 500 BC (Liv. 2,16,4). Because of its almost exclusive occurrence among the gens Cl…

Roman third name or nickname (‘Moray’) in the Licinii family (Licinius [I 32-35]) which passed by adoption from there to A. Terentius Varro M. and his son of the same name ( cos. 23 BC). It was adopted by more families in the Imperial era. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] People's tribune in 97 AD The tribunus plebis, who in AD 97 made the right of speech possible for Fabricius [II 2] Veiento in a dispute in the Senate (Plin. Ep. 9,13,19); probably he and Q. Roscius Coelius Murena ... Pompeius Falco are one and the same person. PIR2 M 746. It is, however, surprising why Pli…

[German version] [1] Poisoner Roman family name. Name of a preparer of poison in Hor. Sat. 2,1,48, probably not identical with the one named in 2,2,67. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] T., follower of Epicurus (end of 2nd cent. BC) T., follower of Epicurus, became involved in a fight with the praetor Q.  Mucius Scaevola because of his Hellenophilia in 120 BC. A. charged him unsuccessfully in 119 and was mocked for this reason by  Lucilius in the 2nd book of his Satires. Praetor and propraetor in 105-104 (107-106?) in …

Italic family name, most common among the Samnites, also encountered as an Oscan praenomen. The author of the lex Papia Poppaea in AD 9 was P. [II 1]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P. People's tribune c. 80 BC People's tribune, probably before 80 BC and therefore not identical with P. [I 2]; author of a lex Papia, stipulating the supplementation of the number of Vestal virgins by means of election by lot (Gell. NA 1,12,10-12). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] P., C. People's tribune in 65 BC, author of a lex Papia People's tribune in 65 BC, author of a lex Papia against the unfounded presumption of Roman citizenship, by which all foreigners domiciled outside Italy were banished from Rome (Cic. Arch. 10; Cic. Balb. 52; Cic. Att. 4,18,4; Cic. Off. 3,47; Cass. Dio 37,9,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] P. Brutulus Leader of the Samnites in 322 BC, jointly responsible for the outbreak of the Samnite Wars …

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