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Name of an important family in Arretium (Schulze, 149); involved in a dispute with the town's citizens in 302 BC (Liv. 10,3,2 i.a.). Augustus called  Maecenas a Cilnian, which presumably only referred to his maternal ancestors (Macrob. Sat. 2,4,12). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] C. Proculus, C. Cos. suff. 87 AD From Arretium. Cos. suff. in AD 87 (AE 1949, 23). Father of C. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Proculus, C. Senator, governor, c. 100 AD Senator from Arretium (CIL XI 1833 and AE 1926, 123 belong together: [1. 239ff.] = AE 1985,…

Italian-Oscan gentilicium (Schulze 423 ThIL 2,2054f.). Cicero mentions a respected B. family from Campania (Leg. agr. 2,93), whose members in Capua are known to have been opponents of Rome in 216 and 210 BC (Liv. 23,7,8f.;27,3,4f.). [German version] [1] Latin poet and advocate, 5th cent. AD see Dracontius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] of Cumae Politician and philosopher, died 128 BC An Italian political figure (born 128 BC), whom Plutarch described as a philosopher because the Stoic Antipater [10] of Tarsus was his friend and while in …

Honorary name that replaced the older form Asiagenus/-genes in the Augustan period, common among the Cornelii Scipiones, in the Imperial period also among the Valerians; first adopted as a victor's title by P.  Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus ( cos. 190), then continued by his descendants. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Aristocrat from Gaul (died 69 AD) Aristocrat from Gaul ( dux Galliarum), who fought for Julius Vindex in AD 68; executed by  Vitellius upon the soldiers' wish in 69 (Tac. Hist. 2,94,2; PIR2 A 1215). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Valerius Asi…

Italian family name (possibly originating in Etruria, Schulze, 112, 170), attested from the 1st cent. BC but not of any significance until the 2nd cent. AD. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Sex. E. Clarus Partaker in the Parthian War of Trajan Son of the E. Clarus named in Pliny (Ep. 2,9,4), grandson of the later Praetorian prefect Septicius Clarus; father or grandfather of E. [2]. Pliny supported him in the early stages of his career. He took part in Trajan's Parthian War, in which he conquered Seleucia probably in AD …

Latin family name, derived from the Oscan praenomen Ovius. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune before 312 BC, author of the Lex Ovinia People's tribune before 312 BC and author of the Lex Ovinia, which entrusted the censors with keeping the roll of senators (Fest. 290 L.). MRR 1,158. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] L.O.Curius Proculus Modianus Africanus 3rd cent. AD official Cos. suff. probably in the 1st half of the 3rd cent. AD (CIL VI 1479 = ILS 8093 = CIL VI Suppl. VIII ad 1479). PIR2 O 185. Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

Widespread Roman plebeian gentes name (Schulze 357, 533, 542). [German version] [1] F., C. Plebeian tribune in 68 BC Plebeian tribune in 68 BC (?), one of the originators of the lex Antonia de Termessibus (Roman Statutes 1, 1996, no. 19), at the same time curator viarum (ILLRP 465a). Probably identical to C.F. who was defended by Cicero in 66 or 65 (Q. Cic. comm. petitionis 19) and is still mentioned in 59 (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 1,2,10). He was probably also the father-in-law of the antiquarian M. Terentius  Varro, who introduces him as a dialogue partner in de re rustica (1,2,1 et passim). Elvers, Karl-…

[German version] [1] Vestalis maxima probably 178 BC Vestalis maxima probably 178 BC (Obseq. 8; Val. Max. 1,1,6-7; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 2,68,3-5 [1]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Vestal, died 114 BC Vestal, condemned in a sensational trial and executed in 114 BC, because of incest, with other colleagues (MRR 1,534; 537). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Wife of Pompey Daughter of M. Aemilius Scaurus (cos. 115 BC), first married to M'. Acilius Glabrio (cos. 67), forced by Sulla 82 (?) to marry Pompey (Plut. Sull. 33,4; Pompon. 9,1). Elvers, Karl-Lu…

Roman family name (ThLL 2,646 f.) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] M., military tribune 52 BC A., M., military tribune in Caesar's army during the Gallic uprising of 52 BC (Caes. B. Gall. 7,42,5; 43,1). Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] Fuscus, poet and grammaticus (1st cent. BC) A., Fuscus, poet and grammaticus, close friend and critic of  Horatius, who dedicated Carm. 1,22 and Epist. 1,10 to him. Sat. 1,9,61-74 shows his sense of humour. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography R. G. M. Nisbet, M. Hubbard, A Commentary on Horace: Odes, Book 1…

(Attidius), seldom used proper name (cf. the municipium Attidium in Umbria, Schulze 558; ThlL 2,1174). [German version] [1] Senator, exile at the court of  Mithridates, killed 67 BC Senator, exile at the court of  Mithridates VI, killed by him in 67 BC (App. Mith. 410). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Geminus Governor in Greece under Augustus after 29 BC Governor in Greece ( praetor Achaiae, Tac. Ann. 4,43,3) under Augustus after 29 BC, whose decision the Messenians cited in AD 25. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] (Attidius). A. Cornelianus, L.…

Roman cognomen (‘golden yellow’, ‘blond’, probably named after the hair colour), in the Republican period for C. Alfius [I 6] F., the family of the Decimii, Sp.  Larcius F. and L.  Lucretius Triticipinus F. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Of the Cheruscan tribal aristocracy, father of Italicus, also after AD 9 on the side of Rome Brother of  Arminius, of the Cheruscan tribal aristocracy. Son of  Segimerus, son-in-law of the Chatti princeps Actumerus (Tac. Ann. 11,16,1), father of  Italicus [1. 201f.]. F. remained on the side of Rome…

Roman cognomen (‘blond’, ‘radiant’, with ablaut, related to flavus [1]), in the Republican period epithet of C. Aquilius [I 11] F. and L. Mestius F. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] P. Annius F. Lat. poet and writer, 1st/2nd cent. AD Under the cognomen Florus (in conjunction with the family name Annius or Ann(a)eus and the first name P. or L.) four works or groups of works are known: 1. the introduction to a dialogue Vergilius orator an poeta (P. Annius F.), 2. and 3. fragment of a correspondence (Charisius, Gramm. 66,10f.; 157,21f. B.) and an exchange o…

Roman nomen gentile, which can almost certainly be traced back to the praenomen G. attested from the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC. There is evidence of the bearers of the name in the political life of Rome from the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] Stepbrother of L. Marcius Philippus (Cos. 56 BC) Stepbrother of L. Marcius Philippus ( cos. 56 BC), otherwise unknown supporter of P. Clodius [I 4] from the equestrian class, defamed by Cicero as ‘the wet-nurse of all revolutionaries’ (Cic. Vatin. 4; Cic. Sest. 110-112). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] G., Cn. Rom. historia…

Plebeian gentilicium, also Coilius, in surviving manuscripts often confused with Caelius (Schulze 155; ThlL, Onom. 2, 523-525). Bearers of this name are documented since the 2nd cent. BC, usually belonging to the Tribus Aemilia. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C. Antipater, L. Historiographer, late 2nd cent. BC Possibly the brother of the senator C. Coelius C.f. [1; 2. 16], a highly educated scholar of law and rhetoric (Cic. Brut. 102; Dig. 1,2,2,40), considered the teacher and friend of L. Licinius Crassu…

Name of a plebeian family (further development of Fufius [1]), prominent in Arpinum, the home town of Cicero. [German version] [1] Rom. eques, 1st cent. BC Roman equestrian, in 57 BC creditor to Apollonia in Illyria (Cic. Pis. 86). Possibly identical with the F. from whom Cicero bought a country estate in Arpinum for his brother in 54 (Ad Q. fr. 3,1,3), who appointed Cicero joint heir in 47 (Att. 11,13,3) and whom Horace attacked as a profiteer (Sat. 1,2,12-22). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Nicolet 2, 882f. [German version] [2] F., L. Propraetor 80 BC Allegedly ex-centurio (O…

[German version] [1] Name Rare Roman cognomen (‘priest’), in the Republican period attested for the Licinii (Licinius [I 41]), in the Imperial period for Marius Plotius [II 5] Claudius S. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 319. [German version] [2] Priest (plur. sacerdotes). The second part of the Latin word is derived from the Indo-European *dhe- (cf. Greek tithénai, Lat. facere, English do): a sacerdos was thus 'someone who performed sacra '. Sacerdotes became the umbrella term for all religious functionaries, but its meaning as a tech…

Plebeian tribe, from which senatorial representatives already emerged in the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] L., homo novus, consul 60 BC L., homo novus, supporter of Pompey, distinguished himself as his legate 77-73 (?) BC in the war against Sertorius (Plut. Sert. 19,3 ff.); 72 (?) praetor, 71-67 (?) as proconsul in Spain (conquest of Calagurris, triumph). 66-62 legate in the war against Mithridates. With the support of Pompey, he became consul together with Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer in 60 BC. In 55, sent by Pomp…

Name of a family that came from Praeneste, which is documented there already in the Republican era. An Anician achieved the consulate in 160 BC (see [I 4]), but otherwise the tribe does not distinguish itself again in the Republic. In the imperial era, however, the gens blossomed; from the post-Diocletian era until the 4th cent. AD as an urban Roman family, and then, continued by the members of the female line, emerged as Christian aristocracy of great significance in the 5th cent [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A., C. Senator (middle of the …

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (“child desired by parents”), very widespread in the Imperial period; equally commonly a slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 75; 77; 296 2 H. Solin, Die stadtrömische Sklavennamen, vol. 1, 1994, 110-111. [German version] [2] Flavius O. Imperial grammar teacher, 4th cent. AD Grammar teacher of the son of the emperor Licinius [II 4]. Allegedly, because of his wife's beauty he had great influence under Constantine [1] the Great and was appointed consul b…

Roman cognomen probably of Etruscan origin, as a praenomen passed down for the Aequian king G. Cloelius in 458 BC (Liv. 3,25,5). As cognomen prominent in the family of the Sempronii, especially with the people's tribunes Ti. and C.  Sempronius Gracchus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Writer of Lat. tragedies Writer of Latin tragedies ( Thyestes, Atalanta, Peliades), only a short fragment of each is extant (for Inc. inc. fab. 120-124 2R see [4]); Ov. Pont. 4,16,31 names him together with L.  Varius Rufus in a catalogue of contemporary writers. This…

Nomen gentile of an Etruscan family (or Perpenna on inscriptions ); the family must have received citizenship early: its rise to political power began with P. [2]. P. [3] was the first person with a non-Roman name to become consul, although he lost his citizenship in 126 BC. [German version] [1] P., C. Praetor no later than 91 BC, legate of consul P. Rutilius Lupus in 90 Probably brother of P. [4], praetor no later than 91 BC, was defeated in 90 as legate of consul P. Rutilius Lupus in the Civil War [3] (App. B Civ. 1,179; 183). MRR 2, 20; 29. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] P., M. L…