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(Καμάρα; Kamára). [German version] [1] Harbour settlement in eastern Crete Harbour settlement in eastern Crete, originally Lato (Λατὼ πρὸς or ἐπὶ Καμάραι, Ptol. 3,17,5; Hierocles, Synekdemos 650,1), modern Agios Nikolaos. Close political links with  Lato [1. no. 72, p. 428]. Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography 1 A. Chaniotis, Die Verträge zw. kret. Poleis in der hell. Zeit, 1996. F. Gschnitzer, Abhängige Orte im griech. Alt., 1958, 49-51. [German version] [2] Empórion on India's south-eastern coast According to Peripl. M. Rubr. 60, an   empórion …

[German version] [1] Roman road station Roman road station (  statio ) between  Brixia and  Beneventum (It. Burd. 558,9). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography Nissen 2, 981. [German version] [2] Statio, San Pietro in Fine   Statio , named after the curve in the via Latina between  Casinum and  Venafrum, at the 96th milestone near Ad Flexum (CIL X 6901); today San Pietro in Fine (Caserta). Strategically significant, dominated by walls in a polygonal pattern near San Eustachio and Marena-Falascosa, in opus quadratum and incertum near Muraglie Abbandonate. Uggeri, Giovanni (Flo…

(Ἴδη, Ἰδαῖον ὄρος). [English version] [1] Höchster Gebirgszug Kretas Höchster Gebirgszug Kretas, h. Psiloritis, mit dem Gipfel Timios Stavros (2456 m). In der Ant. noch stark bewaldet (vgl. den Namen I. = “Waldgebirge”), bes. durch Zypressen (Eur. Hipp. 1253; Theophr. h. plant. 3,2,6; 4,1,3; Plin. nat. 16,142). Schon früh Abbau von Metallen (FGrH 239,11; Diod. 5,64,5) und landwirtschaftliche Nutzung (Theophr. de ventis, fr. 5,13 Wimmer; [1]). Bes. Verehrung genoß die als Geburtsstätte des Zeus angesehene…

(Ἀμύκλαι). [English version] [1] Vorgriech. Siedlung Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Ägäische Koine | Dunkle Jahrhunderte | Sparta Vorgriech. Siedlung auf und an den Hügeln mit der Kapelle der Hg. Kyriaki seit frühhelladischer bis in die Kaiserzeit (Paus. 3,18,6-19,6; IG V 1, 515), ca. 5 km südl. von Sparta beim h. Tsausi. In histor. Zeit ὠβή ( obe) von Sparta mit eigenen Ephoren und sonstigen Beamten (vgl. Syll.3 932). Das Gebiet scheint seine größte Blüte im 7. /6. Jh. v. Chr. gehabt zu haben. Seit spätmyk. Zeit Heiligtum des Hyakinthos. Mit der spartanischen E…

[English version] [1] Röm. Straßenstation Röm. Straßenstation ( statio ) zw. Brixia und Beneventum (Itin. Burdig. 558,9). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography Nissen 2, 981. [English version] [2] Statio, h. San Pietro in Fine Statio , benannt nach der Kurve welche die via Latina zw. Casinum und Venafrum am 96. Meilenstein bei A. machte (CIL X 6901), h. San Pietro in Fine (Caserta). Strategisch bedeutend, beherrscht von Mauern in Polygonalmauerwerk bei San Eustachio und Marena-Falascosa, in opus quadratum und incertum bei Muraglie Abbandonate. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florenz) Bib…

(Πολίχνη; Políchnē). [German version] [1] Settlement in the Olympieum in the SW of Syracusae Settlement in the Olympieum, a sanctuary of Zeus on the right bank of the Anapus in the south west of Syracusae, where in 414 BC Gylippus stationed part of his cavalry to hamper the Athenians on the Plemmyrium from foraging in the Syracusan hinterland (Thuc. 7,4,7; Diod. Sic. 13,7,5; cf. [1. 41, 4110]). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography 1 H.-P. Drögemüller, Syrakus (Gymnasium Beiheft 6), 1969. [German version] [2] Town in NW Crete This item can be found on the following maps: Crete Town …

[German version] [1] Locality in Moesia superior This item can be found on the following maps: Thraci, Thracia | | Legio | Limes | Moesi, Moesia Locality (posting station) in Moesia superior (Tab. Peut. 7,1; It. Ant. 221,4; Νοοῦαι/ Nooûai: Ptol. 3,15,5), 4 km east of modern Svištov (Bulgaria). N. was founded around AD 30; the legio I Italica  was stationed here under Vespasian (garrison on the right bank of the Danube near a river-crossing). A civilian settlement grew up nearby. Extensive archaeological and epigraphical finds (fortress wall with gate …

(Κρήτη, Krētē, Latin Creta). [German version] A. Settlement geography C. is the largest Greek island, with an east-west extension of 250 km and a north-south extension of max. 60 km. The narrowest part is the Isthmus of Hierapytna in the east. The island's topography is shaped by its mountains. Three large mountain ranges dominate: in the west the ‘White Mountains’ (  Leúka órē , 2,482 m), in the centre the  Ida Mountains (Piloritis, 2,456 m) and in the east the  Dicte Range (highest elevation 2,147 m) with the Lassithi Plateau (moun…

(Ἁλίσαρνα; Halísarna). [German version] [1] Small city in the border region of the regions Mysia and Troas Small city, dynastic seat in the border region of the regions of Mysia and the Troad. In Xenophon (Hell. 3,1,6; An. 7,8,17) H. is mentioned in connection with the Spartan-Persian war 400-396 BC. The dynast Procles named there is the descendant of the Spartan king Damaratus, who was exiled there at the beginning of the 5th cent. BC and received H. along with Pergamum and Teuthrania from Darius I as a gift (Paus. 3,7,8). The exact location and further history are unknown. Schwertheim, El…

[German version] Statio on the via Popilia (Tab. Peut. 7,1), after which Sala Consilina is named, in the liber regionum of 120 praefectura Consiline in provincia Lucaniae. Inhabited market site (Cassiod. Var. 8,33) near an old spring (Marcellianum). In the 5th cent. AD an episcopal seat. The old fortification mentioned in Pliny (Plin. HN 3,95) may possibly be associated with Padula in the Tanagro valley (thus already in [3]), where a fortified embankment was found on a hill and prehistoric graves in the valley (archaic g…

(Ἴδη, Ἰδαῖον ὄρος; Ídē, Idaîon hóros). [German version] [1] Highest mountain range in Crete Highest mountain range in Crete, modern Psiloritis, with the peak Timios Stavros (2,456 m). Still heavily forested in antiquity (cf. the name I. = ‘wooded mountains’), predominantly with cypresses (Eur. Hipp. 1253; Theophr. Hist. pl. 3,2,6; 4,1,3; Plin. HN 16,142). Used early on for mining metals (FGrH 239,11; Diod. Sic. 5,64,5) and agriculture (Theophr. De ventis, fr. 5,13 Wimmer; [1]). The cave considered the birthpl…

(Ὀμφάλιον). [English version] [1] Ebene auf Kreta Ebene (Diod. 5,70) auf Kreta im Gebiet von Knosos am Fluß Triton (h. Platyperama; Kall. h. 1,42ff.; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ὀ.). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography C. Bursian, Geogr. von Griechenland, Bd. 2, 1868, 570  M. Guarducci, Inscriptiones Creticae, Bd. 1, 1935, 45f. [English version] [2] Ort in Thessalia Ort in Thessalia (Steph. Byz. s.v. Ὀ.) beim h. Lutra Smokovu, evtl. das Heiligtum der Omphale, um das sich die dolopischen Städte Angeai und Ktimenai stritten [1]. Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim) Bibliography 1 A.S. Arvani…

[English version] [1] Kykladeninsel und gleichnamige Stadt Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Ägäische Koine | Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Attischer Seebund | Ionisch | Marmor | Peloponnesischer Krieg | Perserkriege (Νάξος, lat. Naxus). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) [English version] A. Geographie Stadt und gleichnamige Insel, letztere mit einer Fläche von knapp 420 km2 die größte der Kyklades. Prägnantes top. Merkmal ist eine Bergkette, die die Insel von Norden nach Süden durchzieht (höchster Gipfel der Zia mit 1004 m, zugleich di…

(Εὐνοστίδαι). [English version] [1] Att. Demos (?) der Phyle Ptolemais Att. Demos (?) der Phyle Ptolemais, erstmals 201/0 v.Chr. (IG II2 2362) bezeugt, vgl. die Inschr. 108/7 v.Chr. (IG II2 1036 Z. 37; [1. 159; 2]). 154/5 n.Chr. (IG II2 2067) und 173/4 n.Chr. (IG II 2 2103) werden Epheben der Phyle Ptolemais aus Εὐν bzw. Εὐ erwähnt. Lage unbekannt. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography 1 C.A. Hutton, The Greek Inscriptions at Petworth House, in: ABSA 21, 1914/16, 155-165 2 Traill, Attica 90, 114 Nr. 12. [English version] [2] Phratrie in Neapolis Von Kyme eingeführte Phratrie in Neapo…

(Νέστος, Μέστος, Νέσσος). [English version] [1] Fluß in Thrakien Fluß in Thrakien, der im Rila-Gebirge entspringt (nach ant. Vorstellung fälschlicherweise aus dem Skomios, h. Vitoša-Gebirge: Aristot. meteor. 1,13,350b 16f.) und nach 234 km in einem Sumpfdelta bei Abdera [1] in die Ägäis mündet (Hdt. 7,109; Theophr. h. plant. 3,1,5; Ps.-Skyl. 67). Als Flußgott ist N. schon Hes. theog. 341 bekannt. In röm. Zeit Grenze zw. den Prov. Macedonia und Thracia. von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Bissingen) Bibliography B. Isaac, The Greek Settlements in Thrace until the Macedonian Co…

(Ἄμπελος; Ámpelos). [German version] [1] Cape on the south-eastern coast of  Crete Cape on the south-eastern coast of  Crete (Ptol. 3,17,4), according to Plin. HN 4,59 also one of the oppida insignia. The town is to be localized close to the modern town of Xerokampos. Graves and ceramics (i.a. of Rhodian origin) from the Hellenistic-Roman period. Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography C. Bursian, Geogr. von Griechenland 2, 1972, 577 f. I. F. Sanders, Roman Crete, 1982, 137. [German version] [2] Cape on the south-western tip of the island of  Samos Cape on the south-western …

(Ληθαῖος; Lēthaîos). [German version] [1] Tributary of the Peneius Left-hand tributary of the Peneius in north-west Thessalia, flows through Tricca (Paus. 14,139), modern Trikkalinos. Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim) Bibliography F. Stählin, Das hellenische Thessalien, 1924, 121. [German version] [2] River in southern Crete River in southern Crete, which flows through Gortyn from north to south (Str. 10,4,11), modern Mitropolianos. Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) [German version] [3] Tributary of the Maiander Right-hand tributary of the Maeander (river god: coins o…

(Ὀμφάλιον/ Omphálion). [German version] [1] Plain in Crete Plain (Diod. Sic. 5,70) on Crete in the area of Knossos on the river Triton (modern Platyperama; Callim. H. 1,42ff.; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ὀ.). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography C. Bursian, Geographie von Griechenland, vol. 2, 1868, 570  M. Guarducci, Inscriptiones Creticae, vol. 1, 1935, 45f. [German version] [2] Place in Thessalia Place in Thessalia (Steph. Byz. s.v. Ὀ.) near modern Lutra Smokovu, possibly the sanctuary of Omphale. The Dolopian cities of Angeae and Ctimenae fought over its possession [1]. Kramolisch,…

(Θεράπναι/ Therápnai). [German version] [1] City in Crete City in Crete, probably in the central north (presumably between Eleutherna and Cydonia; [cf. 1. 198]), reckoned one of the island's more important towns (Mela 2,113; Plin. HN 4,59). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography 1 P. Faure, La Crète aux cents villes, in: Κρητικὰ Χρονικά 13, 1959, 171-217. [German version] [2] Place in Laconia This item can be found on the following maps: Sparta Cult site in Laconia (Laconica) on the left bank of the Eurotas, c. 2 km to the southeast of Sparta on a foothill of the Parnon…

(Νέστος/ Néstos, Μέστος/ Méstos, Νέσσος/ Néssos). [German version] [1] River in Thrace River in Thrace which rises in the Rila mountain range, (according to mistaken classical belief from the Scomius mountains, the present-day Vitoša Mountains, : Aristot. Mete. 1,13,350b 16f.) and after 234 km flows through the swampy delta area near Abdera [1] and into the Aegean (Hdt. 7,109; Theophr. Hist. pl. 3,1,5; Ps.-Skyl. 67). N. is already known as a river god in Hes. Theog. 341. In Roman times, N. was the border between the provinces of Macedonia and Thracia. von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Biss…