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[English version] (Φιλότης). Griech. Personifikation von Sexualität und sinnlicher Liebe. Bei Hesiod (theog. 224) ist sie die Tochter der Nyx und die Schwester der Moiren (Moira; vgl. aber Hes. theog. 905) sowie von Alter, Schlaf, Betrug, Rache, Streitsucht etc. Diese auffällige Kombination führt man mitunter auf ein negatives Frauenbild oder eine pessimistische Weltsicht Hesiods zurück. Während Hesiod noch explizit von Parthenogenese spricht (Hes. theog. 213), wird später der Erebos als Vater der…

(Πολυφόντης). [English version] [1] Thebaner in der Ilias Thebaner, Sohn des Autophonos, stellt aus gekränktem Stolz gemeinsam mit Maion [1] dem Tydeus eine Falle und wird von diesem getötet (Hom. Il. 4,391 ff.). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [English version] [2] Gegner des Kapaneus beim Krieg der Sieben gegen Theben Thebaner, Günstling der Artemis und Gegner des Kapaneus beim Sturm der Sieben gegen Theben (Aischyl. Sept. 447 ff.). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [English version] [3] Herold des Laios Herold des Laios [1], tötet ein Pferd des Oidipus, der ihn und Laios im Zorn erschlägt (Apollod. 3,51). B…

[English version] (Σαλακία). Jungfrau aus Ophionis (ihr Name ist vielleicht vom Salbakosgebirge abgeleitet) die nach einer aitiologischen Legende während einer Apollonprozession ein Kästchen mit Kuchen in Form von Leier, Pfeil und Bogen, typischen Insignien des Gottes also, transportiert. Der Wind entreißt ihr die Opfergabe und weht sie hinaus aufs Meer, das sie zur lykischen Chersonnesos bei Patara trägt. Ein “Flüchtling aus S.” findet und opfert sie dort (Steph. Byz. s. v. Πάταρα). Börm, Henning (Kiel)

[German version] (Φάληρος; Phálēros). A Greek hero by the name of P. appears in many and varied contexts and it is uncertain whether the reference is always to the same person: a P. becomes an Argonaut (Argonauts) (Apoll. Rhod. 1,96f.; Val. Fl. 4,654) at the wish of his father Alcon; he is the eponym of the Attic Phalerum, where an altar was dedicated to him (Paus. 1,1,4), and of Lower Italian Neapolis [2] (= Phaleron). Perhaps this Attic P. is identical with the supposed founder of Soli (Str. 14,6…

[German version] (Σάρων; Sárōn). According to the legend, the third king of Troezen, who founded a temple and a festival to Artemis Saronia. When a stag fled into the sea during a hunting party, S. was drowned while he was chasing it and was buried in the temple. Since then, the 'Phoebian' gulf has been called the Saronian (Paus. 2,30,7; Saronikos Kolpos). According to other sources, S. lived on as a sea god or daemon (Aristid. 2,274); presumably, S. was originally pursuing the goddess Artemis herself instead of an animal, descending only at a later date from the position of a god to that of a heros…

(Ζευξίππη/ Zeuxíppē). Name of various female figures in mythology. [German version] [1] Daughter of the river god Eridanus Daughter of the river god Eridanus [2] and wife of Teleon (Hyg. Fab. 14,9) or of the Attic ruler Pandion [1] (Apollod. 3,193), the son of her sister Praxithea [1] and Erichthonius [1] (Apollod. 3,190). Their children were Procne, Philomela, Butes [1] and Erechtheus. Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [2] Wife of the Trojan king Laomedon Wife of the Trojan king Laomedon [1] and mother of Priamus (Alcm. fr. 113 B). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [3] Daughter…

[German version] (Πτερέλαος/ Pterélaos, Πτερέλας/ Pterélas, Πτερέλεως/ Pteréleōs, Lat. Pterela). Mythical king of the Teleboae. His exact genealogy was already in dispute in Antiquity, but in any case P. is related to Hippothoe [3] and Taphius and is a descendant of Poseidon. From the latter he receives a golden hair that makes him immortal (Nisus [1]). When Amphitryon marches against P. with Cephalus [1], Creon and others (Apollod. 2,51-60), to take revenge for the sons of Electryon, P. resists for a …

[English version] (Πόθος, lat. Pothus). Daimon (Dämonen); Personifikation der strebenden Sehnsucht, oft nach etwas Fernem; der anfängliche Unterschied zu Eros [1] und Himeros, der Sehnsucht nach Gegenwärtigem (Plat. Krat. 420a), verwischt in späterer Zeit. P. gilt bisweilen als Sohn des Zephyros oder des Eros (Plat. symp. 197d) und der Kypris sowie als Bruder der Peitho (Aischyl. Suppl. 1038 ff.). P. wurde zudem bildlich im Kontext des aphrodisischen und dionysischen Kreises dargestellt (Paus. 1,43,…

[English version] (Πτερέλαος, Πτερέλας, Πτερέλεως, Pterela). Myth. König der Teleboai. Die genaue Genealogie ist schon in der Ant. umstritten, doch ist P. jedenfalls mit Hippothoe [3] und Taphios verwandt und stammt von Poseidon ab. Von diesem erhält er ein goldenes Haar, das ihn unsterblich macht (Nisos [1]). Als Amphitryon mit Kephalos [1], Kreon u. a. (Apollod. 2,51-60) gegen P. zieht, um die Söhne Elektryons zu rächen, widersteht P. ihm ein Jahr lang, bis seine Tochter Komaitho [1] ihm aus Lie…

[English version] (Φάληρος). Ein griech. Heros namens Ph. erscheint in diversen Zusammenhängen, ob immer derselbe gemeint ist, ist ungewiß: Ein Ph. wird auf Wunsch seines Vaters Alkon Argonaut (Apoll. Rhod. 1,96f.; Val. Fl. 4,654); er ist Eponym des att. Phaleron, wo ihm ein Altar geweiht war (Paus. 1,1,4), sowie des unteritalischen Neapolis [2] (= Phaleron). Vielleicht ist dieser att. Ph. identisch mit dem angeblichen Gründer von Soloi (Strab. 14,6,3). Vasen zeigen Ph. im Amazonenkampf; ein Lapithe (Lapithai) Ph. unterstützt Theseus gegen die Kentauren (Hes. scut. 179f.). Börm, …

(Πολύιδος, lat. Polyidus). [English version] [1] myth. Seher und Wundertäter aus Korinth (“Vielwissender”). Myth. Seher und Wundertäter aus Korinth (vgl. Cic. leg. 2,33), Nachfahre des Melampus [1] (Pherekydes FGrH 3 F 115a; Paus. 1,43,5), Gatte der Eurydameia, Vater des Euchenor (Hom. Il. 13,663-668; vgl. Cic. div. 1,89), Kleitos [2], der Astykrateia und Manto (nicht identisch mit der Seherin Manto). Seine Wirkung dokumentiert sich in zahlreichen Hilfsaktionen: So hilft er u. a. in Korinth als Traumdeuter …

[German version] (Τηλέφασσα; Tēléphassa). Wife of the Phoenician ruler Agenor [1], mother of Europe [2], Cadmus [1], Cilix and Phoenix [1] (Apollod. 3,2). Together with her sons she sets out in search of her abducted daughter. Since they are not allowed to return without Europe and are unable to find her, they remain in Greece. T. dies in Thrace and is buried by Cadmus (Apollod. 3,21). According to another source (Mosch. 2,41) T. is the wife of Phoenix and a daughter of Poseidon and Libye. Börm, Henning (Kiel)

[German version] [1] Maiden and worshipper of Apollo (Σαλακία; Salakía). Maiden from Ophionis (her name may derive from the Salbacus mountains), who, according to an etiological legend, carries a box in a procession for Apollo. In the box are cakes in the form of lyre, bow and arrow, which are typical insignia of the god. The wind snatches her sacrificial gifts and blows them out to sea, which carries them to the Lycian Chersonnesus near Patara. A 'refugee from S.' finds them and sacrifices them there  (Steph. Byz. s. v. Πάταρα; Pátara). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [2] Roman godde…

[German version] (Τάλαος; Tálaos). Mythical king of Argos, son of Bias [1] and Pero [1], brother of Perialces and Arius, husband of Lysimache. T., who was probably originally a mountain daimon, in the earlier legend is made to lose his life and rule by Amphiaraus (Pind. N. 9,13) and appears in later literature as one of the Argonauts (Apoll. Rhod. 1,118) and as the father (Hyg. Fab. 70) of Adrastus, Aristomachus, Hippomedon, Mecisteus, Parthenopaeus, Pronax and Eriphyle (Seven against Thebes). His grave was worshipped in the market place of Argos (Paus. 2,21,2). Börm, Henning (Kiel)

(Ζεύξιππος/ Zeúxippos). [German version] [1] Father of Cyclops Father of Cyclops and ancestor of the Attic hero Myrmex [1]. Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [2] Son of Apollo and the Nymph Syllis Another Z., son of Apollo and the Nymph Syllis, successor to the emigré king Phaestus [1] of Sicyon (Paus. 7,6,7). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [3] Legendary king and founder of Byzantium Legendary king, of indeterminable period, who has been presented since the time of Iohannes Lydus [3] ( c. AD 500) as the founder of Byzantium [1. 261] and who also appears in apocalyp…

(Πολύιδος/ Polýidos, Latin Polyidus). [German version] [1] Mythical seer and miracle-worker from Corinth ('of wide learning'). Mythical seer and miracle-worker from Corinth (cf. Cic. Leg. 2,33), descendant of Melampus [1] (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 115a; Paus. 1,43,5), spouse of Eurydameia, father of Euchenor (Hom. Il. 13,663-668; cf. Cic. Div. 1,89), Cleitus [2], Astycrateia and Manto (not identical with the seeress Manto). His powers are testified to by numerous accounts of his assitence: in Corinth, for example…

[German version] (Σκέδασος; Skédasos). Hero of Leuctra to whom the Thebans sacrificed a white foal before waging battle. S.' daughters (and those of Leuctrus/Leucter, Diod. Sic. 15,54) are violated by Spartans passing through; in vain S. demands justice in Sparta and takes his own life (as his daughters had already done), after cursing the homeland of the perpetrators and prophesying a defeat for its army. S. is said to have appeared to Pelopidas before the battle of 371 BC against the Spartans; th…

(Σχεδίος; Schedíos). [German version] [1] Son of king Iphitus Son of king Iphitus and grandson of Naubolus; born in Panopeus (Paus. 10,4,2). Leader of the Phocians, he initially woos Helena [1] (Apollod. 3,129) and then sets off with his brother Epistrophus and 40 ships for the Trojan War (Hom. Il. 2,517-526). In the battle for the body of Patroclus he is killed by Hector (Hom. Il. 17,305-311). His remains are taken to Anticyra in Phocia (Paus. 10,36,10) or to Daphnus (Str. 9,4,17). According to another version the brothers survive and found Temesa (schol. Lycophr. 1067). Börm, Henning (K…

(Πολυφόντης/ Polyphóntēs). [German version] [1] Theban in the Iliad Theban, son of Autophonus, out of offended pride, together with Maion [1], sets a trap for  Tydeus and is killed by him (Hom. Il. 4,391 ff.). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [2] Opponent of Capaneus in the War of the Seven against Thebes Theban, favourite of Artemis and opponent of Capaneus in the assault of the Seven against Thebes (Aesch. Sept. 447 ff.). Börm, Henning (Kiel) [German version] [3] Herald of Laeus Herald of Laius [1], kills a horse belonging to Oedipus, who in his anger kills both him a…

[German version] (Πόθος/ Póthos, Lat. Pothus). Daimon (Demons); personification of pressing yearning, often for something distant; the initial distinction from Eros [1] and Himeros, longing for somebody or something present (Plat. Crat. 420a), becomes blurred in later times. P. is sometimes considered the son of Zephyrus or Eros (Plat. Symp. 197d) and  Kypris and the brother of Peitho (Aeschyl. Supp. 1038 ff.). P. was also depicted among the followers of Aphrodite and Dionysus (Paus. 1,43,6; Plin. HN …

[German version] (Φιλότης; Philótēs). Greek personification of sexuality and sensual love. In Hesiod (Theog. 224) she is a daughter of Nyx and a sister of the Moirai (Moira; but cf. Hes. Theog. 905) and of Age, Sleep, Deception, Vengeance, Quarrelsomeness, etc. This peculiar combination is occasionally traced to a negative view of women or Hesiod's pessimistic view of the world. Whereas Hesiod writes explicitly of parthenogenesis (Hes. Theog. 213), later Erebus is named as the father of P. (Cic. Nat. D. 2,44). P. is also Empedocles' [1] name for his cosmic elemental force of love. …

[German version] (Τάφ(ι)ος; Táph(i)os). Descendant of Perseus [1] from Mycenae; eponym of the island of Taphos and the Taphian Islands allegedly settled by him (Taphiae; schol. [Hes.] scut. 11). It is after him that the Teleboae are also called Taphians (Taphii). Son of Poseidon and Hippothoe [3], father (Apollod. 2,51) of Pterelaus, who in turn had a son called T. (FGrH 31 F 15). T. returns to Mycene, he and his descendants kill all the sons, apart from Licymnius, of Electryon, whose throne he claims. Börm, Henning (Kiel)