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[English version] (Λέβινθος). Sporadeninsel östl. von Amorgos, h. Lévitha, L 7 km, 15 km2 groß, mehrere Buchten, von einer Reihe kleinerer Inseln umgeben, h. unbewohnt. Belegstellen: Strab. 10,5,12; Plin. nat. 4,70; Mela 2,111; Stadiasmus maris magni 282; Geogr. Rav. 5,21; Ov. met. 8,222, ars 2,81. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten 4, 155f.

(Μινώα). [English version] [1] Örtlichkeit an der Westküste des argolischen Golfes Nach Ptol. 3,14,32 Hafen, nach Strab. 8,6,1 phrúrion (“Festung”), nach Paus. 3,23,11 Vorgebirge an der Westküste des argolischen Golfs, die h. Insel Monemvasia mit ma. und neuzeitlicher Festung. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography M.D. und R. Higgins,…

[English version] (Ἄβαντες). A. gelten schon bei Hom. (Il. 2,536 ff.; 4,464) als die Bewohner der Insel Euboia, die auch den Namen Abantis trug (Strab. 10,1,3; Paus. 5,22,3). In gesch. Zeit lebte der Name der A. nur noch in der Stadt Chalkis und dort im Namen der Phyle Abantis weiter (CIL XII 9,946). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography E. Meyer, s. v. A., in: LdA 1,61.

(Εὔβοια). [1] Griech. Insel [English version] I. Lage Die nach Kreta größte griech. Insel, die sich nahezu parallel zur Ostküste von Mittelgriechenland (Lokris, Boiotia und Attika) erstreckt. E. ist etwa 160 km lang, zw. 5,5 und 50 km breit und bedeckt eine Fläche von 3580 km2. Vom Festland ist E. durch eine Meeresstraße getrennt, die sich in der Mitte bis auf 40 m zu einem Kanal, dem Euripos [1], verengt. Seit dem 5. Jh. v.Chr. verbanden an dieser Stelle mehrere Brücken E. mit dem Festland. Die Ostküste ist wegen ihrer steilen Felsenri…

[English version] (Κάρπαθος, lat. Carpathus). Mit etwa 332 km2 zweitgrößte Insel des Dodekanes zw. Kreta und Rhodos, Küstenlänge von 160 km (im Süden der Gipfel des Kali Limni 1220 m H). Diod. 5,54,4, dem zufolge K. (der Name ist vorgriech., Hom. Il. 2,676 nennt die Insel Κράπαθος, Krápathos) einst zum Herrschaftsbereich des Minos gehörte, wird durch Bodenfunde bestätigt. Im h. K. an der SO-Küste fand sich in einem myk. Kammergrab aus dem 14.-13. Jh.v.Chr. min. beeinflußte Keramik wie auch anderswo auf der Insel. Der min. Einfluß auf K. b…

[English version] (Λέρος). Der kleinasiat. Küste zw. Patmos und Kalymnos vorgelagerte Sporadeninsel, 53,5 km2, deren Küste einige tief ins Landesinnere eingreifende Buchten und Küstenebenen aufweist. L. wurde nach Strab. 10,5,19 mit dem benachbarten Kalymna zu den Kalýdnai nḗsoi (Hom. Il. 2,677) gerechnet. Die Insel, die ihren ant. Namen bis h. bewahrt hat, war bereits in der frühen Brz. besiedelt (Scherbenfunde bei Parthenion). Eine myk. Burg lag im Norden auf dem Kastro über der Bucht von Alinda. Spätestens seit Anf. 5. Jh.v.Chr. war L. milesisch, ein dḗmos von Miletos (Stra…

[English version] (Λέλαντον, Ληλάντιον oder Ληλάντου πεδίον). Fruchtbare Ebene zw. Chalkis und Eretria, um deren Besitz der “Lelantische Krieg” Anf. 6. Jh. v.Chr. zw. diesen beiden Städten und ihren Verbündeten ausgefochten wurde. Strab. 1,3,16; 10,1,9; 3,6; 10,3,6; Hom. h. 2,220; Kall. h. 4,289; Plut. mor. 153f; Theophr. h. plant. 8,8,5; 8,10,4; Ail. var. 6,1; SEG XIII, 178; 312. Noch im MA hieß L.p. Lilanto. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Meyer, Ernst † (Zürich)

(Δῖα, Δία). [English version] [1] weibl. Entsprechung zu Zeus Die weibliche Entsprechung zu Zeus, als Diwija auf den Linear B-Inschr. aus Pylos und Knosos, mit einem eigenen Heiligtum, wie im myk. Pantheon auch Poseidon seine feminine Entsprechung hat [1]. In nachmyk. Zeit haben die drei Heroinen, die mit der myk. Göttin durch Namensverwandtschaft verbunden werden können, alle Beziehungen zu Zeus, doch ist eine Herleitung im einzelnen problematisch. Graf, Fritz (Princeton) [English version] [2] Heroine in den lokalen Kulten von Phleius und Sikyon Am ehesten so zu verstehen is…

[English version] [1] Kykladeninsel (Μῆλος, dor. Μᾶλος; lat. Melos, h. Milos). Name der westlichsten, mit 161 km2 fünftgrößten Kykladeninseln. Zur Inselgruppe von M. gehören Kimolos an der NO-Spitze, Polaigos (h. Polivo) im Osten und Erimomilos westl. von M., dazu noch eine Anzahl kleinster Inseln und Klippen. M. ist die Caldera eines pliozänen Vulkans, als dessen Relikte h. noch die schwefelhaltigen Thermen im NO und SO vorhanden sind. Das Meer hat durch einen Einschnitt im NW Zugang zum Kraterkessel - einem der besten Häfen des Mittelmee…

[English version] (Αἰδηψός). Der Kurort A. auf Euboia, schon im Alt. wegen seiner bis 78°C heißen, dem Herakles heiligen Mineralquellen berühmt, lag etwa 3 km nördl. des h. Badeortes Lutra Aidepsu, wo sich die Polis A. befand. A. gehörte zuerst zur Polis Histiaia, die in ihrer Blütezeit den ganzen Norden der Insel beherrschte. Beim Erdbeben von 427 v. Chr. versiegten die Quellen für drei Tage (FGrH 85 Demetrios von Kallatis fr. 6). Schon im 3. Jh. v. Chr. wurde eine Kurabgabe erhoben und in röm. Z…

[English version] (Ἰκός). 62 km2 große Insel der nördl. Sporaden, h. Halonnesos (auch Chelidromia oder Chilidromia); Mitglied im 1. Att. Seebund (Attisch-Delischer Seebund) mit einem Tribut von 1500 Drachmen, desgleichen im 2. Attischen Seebund. Seit dem Friedensschluß der Athener mit Philippos II. 338 befand sich die Insel unter maked. Oberhoheit, seit 42 v.Chr. bis in die späte röm. Kaiserzeit in athenischem Besitz. Nach dem Fall von Konstantinopel stand I. unter venezianischem, seit 1537 unter t…

Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Ägäische Koine | Ägäische Koine | Ägäische Koine | Bildung | Getreidehandel, Getreideimport | Peloponnesischer Krieg | Perserkriege | Punische Kriege | Sparta (Κύθηρα, lat. Cythera, h. Kithira). [English version] A. Geographie der Insel Vor der SO-Spitze der Peloponnesos, 30 km lang und 18 km breit, nimmt K. eine Fläche von etwa 262 km2 ein und ist von mehreren kleinen unbewohnten Inseln umgeben. Die zumeist steile Felsenküste ist durch kleine Buchten gegliedert, von denen enge und steile Täler ins Land…

(Κήρινθος). [English version] [1] Stadt an der Ostküste von Euboia Stadt an der Ostküste von Euboia (Hom. Il. 2,538; Strab. 10,1,3; 5), beim h. Mandudion lokalisiert. Die Ursprünge von K. reichen ins Neolithikum zurück. In histor. Zeit gehörte K. wohl zu Histiaia. Inschr.: IG XII 9, 1184f. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography E. Freund, s.v. K., in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 323. [English version] [2] judenchristl. Gnostiker, 1./Anf. 2. Jh. Judenchristl., in apostolischer Zeit (1./Anf. 2. Jh. n.Chr.) auftretender Gnostiker. Nach dem Hauptzeugen Eirenaios […

(Κάλυδναι). [English version] [1] Inselgruppe zw. Tenedos und dem Festland Inselgruppe zw. Tenedos und dem Festland (Sen. Tro. 839; Q. Smyrn. 7,407; 12,453; Lykophr. 25); gegen Strab. 13,1,46 wohl nicht zw. Lekton und Tenedos, sondern nördl. von Tenedos; h. Tavşan Adaları. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) [English version] [2] s. Kalymna s. Kalymna Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography L. Bürchner, s.v. K., RE 10, 1761f.

(Μελίτη). [English version] [1] Okeanide Okeanide, Gespielin Persephones (Hom. h. 2, 419). Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [English version] [2] Nereide Nereide (Hom. Il. 18,42; Hes. theog. 247; Verg. Aen. 5,825). Auf att. Vasen ist sie beim Kampf zwischen Peleus und Thetis zugegen [1]. Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [English version] [3] Naiade Naiade (Nymphen), Tochter des Flußgottes Aigaios. Als Herakles ins Land der Phaiaken kommt, um sich vom Mord an seinen Kindern zu entsühnen, zeugt er dort mit M. den Sohn Hyllos [2] (Apoll. Rhod. 4,537ff.). Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [English version] [4] Geliebte des H…

(Ἡράκλεια). [English version] [1] H. Trachinia Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Aitoloi, Aitolia | Bildung | Peloponnesischer Krieg (Ἡράκλεια ἡ Τραχινία). Stadt auf einem Felsen links von und über dem Ausgang der Schlucht des Asopos [1] in die Spercheiosebene, an der Süd- und Westflanke durch tiefe Bachbetten von der Oite (Oitaioi, Oite) getrennt, wo die Trachinischen Felsen mit zahlreichen Grabhöhlen aufragen. Die Unterstadt ist h. restlos verschwunden. H. wurde 426 v.Chr. von den Spartanern, die v…

[English version] (Αἰγιλία, Αἰγιαλία). Insel in der südl. Ägäis (Aigaion Pelagos; Plin. nat. 4,57; Plut. Kleomenes 31) mit 22 km2 Fläche. In byz. Zeit Antikythera, unter venezianischer Herrschaft Cerigotto. Bei Palaiokastro im Nordosten lag die wohl einzige ant. Siedlung. Nördl. von A. wurde 1900 ein ant. Schiffswrack gefunden, aus dem “der Jüngling von A.” und andere Br.- und Marmor-Statuen stammen (h. in Athen, Nationalmuseum). Unter den Funden befand sich auch ein Gerät zur Errechnung von Sternen- und Planetenbahnen. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography H. Kaletsch,…

[German version] (Κύνθος; Kýnthos, Latin Cynthus). Name of a mountain 113 m high on  Delos with a sanctuary to Zeus (Cynthius) and Athena (Cynthia). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography G. Gruben, Die Tempel der Griechen, 41986, 146f.

[German version] (Κάνηθος; Kánēthos). Hill on the mainland, which at the time of Alexander the Great was integrated into the fortifications of the town of Chalcis, modern Kara Baba; the site had previously served as a necropolis. Documentary evidence: Str. 9,2,8; 10,1,8; Theophr. Hist. pl. 8,8,5; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1,77. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 1, 409, 602.

[German version] (Μαρμάριον/ Marmárion). Harbour on the SW coast of Euboea, which probably had the purpose of handling the marble from the quarries of Carystus [1]; today's Marmara where, near the chapel of St. Nikolaos, the building elements of a sanctuary of Apollo Marmarios are located. References: Str. 10,1,6; Steph. Byz. s.v. M.; Nonn. Dion. 13,164; Eust. Ilia 281,4. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Topographie und Geschichte der Insel Euboia, 1, 1903, 106.

(Εὔβοια; Eúboia). [1] Greek island [German version] I. Location The largest Greek island other than Crete extends parallel to the eastern coast of central Greece (Locris, Boeotia and Attica). E. is about 160 km long, about 5.5 to 50 km wide and has an area of 3,580 km2. It is separated by a strait from the mainland which narrows at its centre to a 40-m wide channel, the  Euripus [1]. Since the 5th cent. BC several bridges linked E. at this point to the mainland. Because of its steep cliffs the east coast is almost inaccessible with Cyme a…

[German version] (Χρύσα, Χρύση; Chrýsa, Chrýsē). Name of various islands and towns, among them a) an island near Lemnos, which sank in the time of Pausanias (8,33,4); b) in the time of Strabo a deserted port in the plain of Thebes on the Gulf of Adramyttium in southern Aeolis (ἡ Κιλίκιος Χ., Str. 13,1,48; 63), one of the residences of the Apollo priest Chryses (Hom. Il. 1,37); c) in the time of Strabo (13,1,47f.), a village located on a cliff above the sea near the Lecton promontory (Baba burnu?) with a temple of Apollo Smintheus, generally located on Göz Tepe. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bib…

[German version] (Ἁλόννησος; Halónnēsos). This island in the north Aegean (Str. 9,5,16; Mela 2,106; Harpocr. s.v.), modern Hag. Eustratios, Hagistrati or Strati, was the object of a conflict between Philip II and Athens: Demosth. 7 hypoth.; 7,2; 12,12; 18,69; Aesch. 3,83; Plut. Demosthenes 9,5; Dion. Hal. Demosthenes 9; 13; Ath. 6,223d-224b. The island, which belonged to Athens, was occupied by pirates; Philip II drove them out, but did not return the island to the Athenians. Traces of ancient settlement. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography L. Bürchner, H. (2), in: RE…

(Μάρπησσα; Márpēssa, ‘the robbed one’). [German version] [1] Daughter of the Aetolian river god Evenus Daughter of the Aetolian river god Evenus [3]. She is kidnapped by Idas, who escapes the persecuting Evenus with the help of his father Poseidon. M.'s father plunges into the river, which is named after him. M. is then taken from Idas by Apollo, and a fight ensues between him and the god, during the course of which Idas disarms the god of his bow (Hom. Il. 9,555ff.). Zeus settles the dispute by leaving the ch…

[German version] I. Persons (Δίων; Díōn) Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [I 1] Close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy Son of Hipparinus, brother-in-law and son-in-law of Dionysius I of Syracuse, b. 409 BC, close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy since Plato's first visit to Syracuse in 388. He gained prestige and wealth as Dionysius' I' trusted friend and advisor and also remained an influential person under Dionysius II. In 366, he arbitrated the peace with Carthage and called Pl…

[German version] [1] Cyclades island (Μῆλος/ Mêlos, Doric Μᾶλος/ Mâlos; Latin Melos, modern Milos). Name of the westernmost of the Cyclades islands, the fifth largest at 161 km2. Included in the archipelago of M. are Kimolos off the northeastern point, Polaegus (modern Polivo) to the east, and Erimomilos to the west of M., plus a number of very small islands and rocks. M. is the caldera of a Pliocene volcano; its relics are still present today in the sulphurous thermal springs in the northeast and southeast. The sea has access to the caldera of the crater …

[German version] (Ἰκός; Ikós). Island, 62 km2 in size, in the northern Sporades, modern Hallonesos (also Chelidromia or Chilidromia); member of the  Delian League with a tribute of 1,500 drachmae, likewise of the  Athenian League. After the conclusion of peace between the Athenians and Philippus II in 338, the island came under Macedonian suzerainty; in Athenian possession from 42 BC to the late Roman Imperial period. After the fall of Constantinople, I. was under Venetian influence; after 1537 under…

(Κάρυστος; Kárystos, Lat. Carystus). [German version] [1] Town in Euboia This item can be found on the following maps: Achaemenids | Grain Trade, Grain Import | Macedonia, Macedones | Marble | Persian Wars | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) Town on the coastal plain on the gulf of the same name in the south-east of  Euboea, also called Karystos today; it lies about 3 km inland between the acropolis and the harbour, and was known as a foundation of the Dryopes, who in the course of the  Doric migration had to leave their homela…

[German version] (Κίμωλος; Kímolōs). Island of the Cyclades (35 km2) north-east of Melos, mountainous (Palaiokastro 398 m), composed of the same volcanic tuff as Melos. ‘Cimolian earth’ (cimolite), a grease-dissolving soapy clay, was used for washing and for the production of porcelain. Another Cimolian export article were figs. The ancient town was situated in the south-west near the modern Hellenika. Some graves in the necropolis even date back to pre-Mycenaean times; finds range from the 2nd millenni…

(Μελίτη; Melítē). [German version] [1] Oceanid Oceanid, playmate of Persephone's (Hom. H. 2, 419). Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [German version] [2] Nereid Nereid (Hom. Il. 18,42; Hes. Theog. 247; Verg. Aen. 5,825). She is present on Attic vases at the struggle between Peleus and Thetis [1]. Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [German version] [3] Naiad Naiad ( Nymphs), daughter of the river-god Aegaeus. When Hercules comes to the land of the Phaeacians to atone for the murder of his children, he fathers a son, Hyllus [2], by M. (Apoll. Rhod. 4,537ff.). Stenger, Jan (Kiel) [German version] [4] Lover of Hercules Dau…

(Ἴκαρος; Íkaros). [German version] [1] Son of Daedalus Son of  Daedalus [1]. Held captive on Crete by  Minos, Daedalus builds a pair of wings each for himself and I., which they use to escape Minos. However, I., despite the warnings of his father, comes too close to the sun; this melts the wax in his wings, he crashes near the island of  Icarus [2]/Icaria and drowns. Daedalus (or Hercules, Apollod. 2,132) buries him; the island and the sea around it are named after I. The well-known version of the story is formulated in Ov. Met. 8,183-235 (cf. Apollod. Epitome 1,12f.); a Pompei…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Attica (Βούδορον; Boúdoron). Settlement on  Salamis, important Athenian base during the Peloponnesian War. In 429 BC,  Cnemus laid siege to the fortress to no avail. From his base in B.,  Nicias captured the Megarian fortress of Minoa and Nisaea in 427 BC. Remains of walls were found south-west of the monastery of Phaneromeni (founded in 1661). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography P. W. Haider, s.v. Salamis, in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 596.

[German version] (Γύαρος; Gýaros). Island 17 km2 in size, uninhabited today (micaceous slate) of the north-western Cyclades, modern Jura or Gioura. On the eastern side there are traces of old terrace cultures, and close to a spring and an old mole are the remains of the ancient town of G. that minted its own copper coins in the 3rd cent. BC; at the time of Strabo G. was still only a poor fishing village, in the Imperial period it was a feared place of exile (Tac. Ann. 3,68; 4,30; Plut. Mor. 602c.; Ju…

[German version] (Κοῖλα; Koîla). The south-east coast of  Euboea (Hdt. 8,13f.; Dion. Chrys. 7,2; 7; Eur. Tro. 84; 90; Ptol. 3,15,25) that was feared because of its storms. In Str. 10,1,2; Val. Max. 1,8,10; Liv. 31,47,1; Oros. 6,15,11, C. is the southern part of the straits of Euboea up to Euripos. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Top. und Gesch. der Insel Euboia 1, 1903, 7ff.

[German version] (Ἀμοργός; Amorgós). Easternmost island of the  Cyclades (121 km2), mountainous (Krikelon 821 m). The three ancient main towns of the island were all located on its north-western coast:  Aegiale, Minoa (near the modern main port of Katapola, and modern Chora, officially A.), and Arcesine. The island was densely populated in the prehistoric period, and supposedly served as a trade post from the 3rd millennium onwards. Rich grave finds from the early Cycladic period show close links with Cer…

[German version] (Ἀστυπάλαια; Astypálaia). Dodecanese island (97 km2; circumference according to Plin. HN 4,23: 88 milia passuum), situated between  Amorgos,  Anaphe and Calymnus. A. consists of two parts, joined only by a 100m wide isthmus. Evidence of early Bronze-Age settlements has been found on the eastern part, especially in the bay of Vathy. Mycenaean chamber tombs have been excavated in the western part and also near Armenochori. The location of the ancient polis was that of the modern capital of Chora.…

[German version] (Λέβινθος; Lébinthos). Island of the Sporades east of Amorgos, modern Lévitha, length 7 km, 15 km2 in size, several bays, surrounded by a series of small islands, uninhabited today. Evidence: Str. 10,5,12; Plin. HN 4,70; Mela 2,111; Stadiasmus maris magni 282; Geogr. Rav. 5,21; Ov. Met. 8,222, Ars am. 2,81. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten 4, 155f.

[German version] [1] One of the Cyclades (Κέως; Kéōs). Northernmost of the western Cyclades (Xen. Hell. 5,4,61: Κέως; Hdt. 8,76; Bacchyl. 6,5; 16: Κέος; Kéos; Liv. 36,15: Cia), modern Kea. Twelve nautical miles off the southern tip of Attica, from which it is separated by the island of Makronisos. C. has an area of 131 km2, is mountainous (Prophitis Elias 567 m), and predominantly consists of crystalline slate. Silver deposits at the Hagios Symeon, where copper slags have also been found [9. 88f.]. On the Kephala promontory at the north-western tip of the island was a late …

[German version] [1] City on Amorgos (Αἰγιάλη; Aigiálē). One of the poleis of this island was situated in the north of  Amorgos (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ἄμοργος; Ámorgos). Remains of the sprawling town were found in the villages of Tholaria and Langada. Known as Giali in popular tradition, the place is today once again called A. (coins: HN 481). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography H. Kaletsch, s. v. A., in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 83. [German version] [2] see  Aegialea see  Aegialea

[German version] (Κέρεια; Kéreia). Island of the Cyclades (15 km2, height of more than 200 m) between Naxos and Amorgos, modern Keros (Stadiasmus maris magni 282; Geogr. Rav. 5,21: Cerus). In 425/4, it was a member of the Delian League (tribute of 630 drachmas, [1. vol. 1, 231, 308f., 501; vol. 3, 198]). Excavations uncovered an important early Cycladic settlement. Idol finds in the National Museum in Athens. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Meyer, Ernst (Zürich) Bibliography 1 ATL. L. Bürchner, s.v. K., RE 11, 253 Philippson/Kirsten vol. 4, 146f. E. Karpodini-Demetriade, Die gri…

(Ἡράκλεια; Hērákleia). [German version] [1] H. Trachinia This item can be found on the following maps: Aetolians, Aetolia | Peloponnesian War | Education / Culture (Ἡράκλεια ἡ Τραχινία; H. hē Trachinía). City on a rock to the left of and above the exit of the gorge of the  Asopus [1] into the Spercheus plain, separated from Oete ( Oetaei, Oete) on the southern and western flanks by deep streambeds, where the Trachinian rocks rise up with their numerous tomb caves. The lower city has vanished without trace. H. was founded in …

[German version] (Κήναιον, Kḗnaion; Lat. Cenaeum). The north-western foothills of  Euboea, modern Cape Lihada, a flat alluvial promontory of a Neocene coastal terrace, with a sanctuary of Zeus Kenaios (Scyl. 58). The sanctuary which was probably fortified in Hellenistic times did not have a temple. On C. were the towns of Athenae Diades and Dion. In 427/6 BC, an earthquake caused parts of the peninsula to disappear into the sea (Demetrius of Callatis, FGrH 85 F 6). Sources: H. Hom. 1,219; Thuc. 3,93,…

[German version] (Ἀνάφη; Anáphē). Island of the Cyclades (35 km2), east of  Thera (Steph. Byz. s. v. A.), mountainous (Mount Vigla 582 m). Its Greek name has been explained as a derivation from ἀνάπτειν ( anáptein, ‘to flare up’ or ἀναφαίνεσθαι, anaphaínesthai, ‘to appear’), because, when viewed from the ancient settlement of  Thera, A. seems to be lit up by the low sun, giving rise to the legend that  Apollo made the island appear to the  Argonauts, when they were in distress at sea on their return from  Colchis (Apoll. Rhod. 4,1709).…

[German version] (Κάσος; Kásos). Southernmost island of the Dodecanese, 27 nautical miles from Crete, neighbouring island to Carpathus; with a total area of 66 km2, it is 17 km long and 6 km wide, mountainous, its highest peak Mount Prionas at 600 m. Its population was of Doric origin. Some remains of the ancient town have survived near the modern Polio above the modern Fri. C. was a member of the  Delian League with a tribute of 1,000 drachmas (ATL 1,302f.; 2,80; 3,24; 210). Later, C. became Rhodian, as did Carpathus…

[German version] (Αἰγαῖον πέλαγος; Aigaîon pélagos). The ‘Aegean Sea’ (AS), first mentioned in Aesch. Ag. 664; Hdt. 2,97; 4,85; 7,55; Ps.-Scyl. 58, extended according to Hdt. 2,113; Str. 10,4,2 from the opening of the Hellespontus to the island of Crete. According to other sources, it extended only as far as the island of Cos (Str. 7,7,4; 2,5,21), or ended west of Sounion (Plin. HN 4,9,19). Str. 2,5,21 reports the AS to be 4,000 stades ( c. 708 km) long and 2,000 stades wide ( c. 354 km). The frequent separation of the Icarian Sea defines the south-eastern extent along the arch…

[German version] (Κυκλάδες νῆσοι; Kykládes nêsoi, Latin Cyclades, ‘circle islands’). The modern term refers to the southern Aegean group comprising a total of more than 200 islands between the Greek mainland and the Cretan sea with the exception of the islands off the western coast of Asia Minor which essentially concurs with the original ancient concept (Hdt. 5,30). Thucydides (1,4; 2,9,4) considers that Melos and Thera belong to it, Scylax (48; 58) includes Thera, Anaphe and Astypalaea and only exclu…

(Ἀρέθουσα; Aréthousa). Frequent name for springs. [German version] [1] Spring on Homer's Ithaca Spring on Homer's  Ithaca, where the swine of  Eumaeus graze (Hom. Od. 13,408; Plut. Mor. 776 E; Steph. Byz. s. v. A.). To identify A. with the spring of Perapigadi on the modern Ithaka, 5 km south-east of Vathy, is speculative. Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography A. Heubeck, A commentary on Homer's Odyssey, 1992, 189 f. A. J. Wace, F. H. Stubbings, A companion to Homer, 1963, 414-416. [German version] [2] Name for the main spring of Chalkis on Euboia The name handed down by numerou…

[German version] (Αἰδηψός; Aidēpsós). The spa of A. on  Euboea, famous even in antiquity because of its hot (78°C) mineral springs, sacred to  Heracles, was located about 3 km north of the modern resort of Loutra Aidepsou, location of the polis of A. A. was initially part of the polis of  Histiaea which, in its prime, dominated the entire north of the island. The earthquake of 427 BC caused the springs to run dry for three days (FGrH 85 Demetrius of Callatis fr. 6). As early as in the 3rd cent. BC,…

[German version] (Κάρπαθος; Kárpathos, Lat. Carpathus). With an area of c. 332 km2the second largest island of the Dodecanes between Crete and Rhodes, with a coastal length of about 160 km (in the south the peak of Kali Limni with a height of 1220 m). The statement in Diod. Sic. (5,54,4,) that C. (the name is pre-Greek, Hom. Il. 2,676 refers to the island as Κράπαθος, Krápathos) once belonged to the kingdom of the  Minos is confirmed by archaeological finds. In the modern Karpathos on the south-eastern coast, Minoan-influenced pottery was found in a Mycenaea…

[German version] (Ἀμάρυνθος; Amárynthos). The town A. on the island  Euboea belonged as deme to  Eretria. A. lay c. 10 km east of modern Eretria on the Palaiochoria or Palaiokastro hill (formerly Kato Vatheia) on the coast. The place was already important in the neolithic period and remained continuously inhabited up into the Byzantine period. The name has pre-Greek origins. The sanctuary of  Artemis Amarysia lay in A.; her festival was lavishly celebrated annually (Str. 10,1,10; Liv. 35,38,3) and extended all the way to  Attica to the deme of  Athmonon (modern Marusi). Kalcyk, Hansjör…