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Ungar.-dt. Althistoriker und Epigraphiker. Geb. am 7. 6. 1935 in Budapest, gest. am 6. 11. 2011 in Athen. Schulbesuch in Budapest, 1953–1958 Studium an der Univ. Budapest, 1959 Prom.; 1960–1965 Assistent am Institut für Alte Gesch. ebda. 1965 Emigration; danach bis 1968 Mitarbeiter am Landesmuseum Bonn; 1966 Habil. und bis 1968 Hochschuldozent an der Univ. Bonn. Ab 1970 o.Prof. für Alte Gesch. an der Univ. Bochum, ab 1975 an der Univ. Heidelberg; Emeritierung 2002. Wissenschaftlicher Werdegang A., Sohn von Jenő A., Direktor der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik an der Univ. P…

Hungarian-German ancient historian and epigrapher. Born 7. 6. 1935 in Budapest, died 6. 11. 2011 in Athens. Attended school at Budapest, studied at Univ. of Budapest 1953–1958, doctorate 1959; 1960–1965 assistant there at the Institute of Ancient History. Emigrated 1965; worked at Landesmuseum Bonn to 1968; habil. 1966 and lecturer until 1968 at Univ. of Bonn. Prof. of ancient history from 1970 at Univ. of Bochum, from 1975 at Univ. of Heidelberg; emeritus 2002. Scholarly background A., son of Jenő A., director of the otorhinolaryngology clinic at the Univ. of Pécs, stu…

[German Version] I. Terminology – II. Geography – III. Archaeology – IV. History and Society – V. History of Religions I. Terminology The area settled by the Philistines, referred to collectively in Akkadian by such names as palaštu after their conquest by Assyria, probably provided the basis for the Greek ( Sýria hḗ) Palaistínē, first found in Herodotus (1.105; 2.104, 106; 3.5, 91; 4.39; 7.89), even though the hypothetical intermediate Aramaic expression of the Persian period, the likely basis of the Greek form, is still unattested. To the exten…

Name of a Roman family, which died out at the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC. Of the two Republican namesakes who held offices, N. [1] was of plebeian origin, while N. [2] must have been a patrician. Considering the questionable historicity of the latter, there were perhaps only plebeian Numicii, although this question cannot be definitively settled (on this topic [1. 20]). [German version] [1] N., T. Guarantor of the Caudinian agreement, handed over to the Samnites in 320 BC As one of the guarantors of the Caudine treaty, he was handed over to the Samnites in 320 BC (Cic. O…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, documented with certainty only from the 1st cent. BC on (T. [I 2] might be unhistorical). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] T., C. Son of an ill-reputed (Cic. Phil. 13,23; the same as in Hor. Sat. 1,4,114?) Roman equestrian. In 58 BC [1], T. worked as quaestor urbanus against P. Clodius' [I 4] switch to the plebs . As tribune of the people in 55, he introduced laws that gave M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus and Cn. Pompeius [I 3] provincial terms of five years and exte…

(Λάμπων; Lámpōn). [German version] [1] Son of Pytheas of Aegina, 5th cent. BC Son of Pytheas of Aegina; after the victory at Plataeae (479 BC), he suggested to Pausanias that the body of Mardonius be defiled just like the latter had dishonoured the body of Leonidas [1] at Thermopylae (Hdt. 9,78f.). Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) [German version] [2] Seer, co-founders of Thurii L. the Seer. He participated in the founding of Thurii (Diod. Sic. 12,10,3; schol. Aristoph. Nub. 332; Phot. s.v. Θουριομάντις; Plut. Mor. 812d). By interpreting an omen (σημείον /sēmeíon: one-horned ram) in…

[German version] [1] L.M. Son of L.M. Florus (cos. suff. ca. AD 75), [1] L. M. Son of M. [3]. PIR2 M 529. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] L.M. Autobulus Son of Plutarch, [2] L. M.Autobulus Son of Plutarch, who was revered in Chaeronea as a Platonic philosopher (Syll.3 844). His father dedicated his work on the Platonic Tímaios to him (Plut. mor. 1012a-1030d). PIR2 M 530. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] L.M. Florus Cos. suff. c. AD 75, [3] L. M.Florus Senator. Probably entered the Senate as a novus homo under Nero. At the beginning of the year AD 69 he was in Ro…

[German version] A. Origin and senatorial career Roman Emperor AD 117-138. Son of Senator P. Aelius Hadrianus Afer and one Domitia Paulina; his home town was  Italica in the Spanish province of Baetica. Born on 24 January 76 probably in Rome as P. Aelius Hadrianus. When he was 10 years of age he lost his father, who had achieved the rank of praetor. The eques Acilius Attianus and the senator (later emperor) M. Ulpius Traianus, his great-uncle (see stemma in [1. 308]), both likewise from Italica, became his guardians. At an early age he was made acquainted wi…

[German version] L. Matuccius Fuscinus. Praetorian legate of the legio III Augusta in the year AD 158; he was already designated to be consul at that time. On 21 June 159 he is attested as being consul along with M. Pisibanius Lepidus. PIR2 M 374. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. E. Thomasson, Fasti Africani, 1997, 151f. P. Weiß, in: Chiron 29, 1999.

[German version] [1] Q. Aurelius P. Clemens Senator from Africa, 2nd cent. AD He was admitted to the Senate by Vespasian and Titus as a praetor and was one of the first senators from Africa. His brother is P. [3]. PIR2 P 36. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] P.P.Clemens Roman senator and lawyer Roman senator, lawyer and descendant of P. [1]. ILS 1067 from Cirta, his home town, sets out his cursus honorum ; it led him via the praetorship, a cura for the tax assessment of Syrian municipalities ( ad rationes civitatium Syriae putandas) to the praetorian governorship of Cilicia, duri…

Name of probably the most important Roman plebeian family. The similarity to the Etruscan name lecne and the links between the gens and Etruria in historical times (L. [I 7]) suggest an origin in that region [1. 108, n. 3]; the name may, however, also be of Latin origin ( Licinus). The spelling with a double ‘n’ occurs not only in the Greek form Λικίννιος ( Likínnios), but also in Latin inscriptions [1. 108, n. 1]. In the annalistic historical records dealing with the early Republic, members of the family appear among the earliest people's tribunes, reaching their polit…

[German version] [1] see Pontius [II 7] See Pontius [II 7].  Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M.P. Sabinus Official, 2nd cent. AD Senator. Cos. suff. in AD 153; consular governor of Moesia Superior, recorded in 159/160. PIR2 P 822. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of a Roman Plebeian family from Tusculum (who, as mint masters, liked to place on their coins the Dioscuri, who were particularly revered there, RRC 290, 307, cf. 353), whose members often held the office of praetor; the family did not attain the consulate until the early Imperial period. 1. Republican period [German version] [I 1] F. Legate Legate of the proconsul Q. Servilius Caepio in Asculum; their murder by the local population triggered the  Social Wars [3] (Cic. Font. 41; 48; Vell. Pat. 2,15,1; App. B Civ. 1,173); perhaps identical with the mint master RRC 290 or 307. Elvers, Karl…

[German version] [1] Wife of L. Cornelius [II 59] Sulla Felix, died in 24 AD Wife of L. Cornelius [II 59] Sulla Felix who died in AD 21. When her second husband Mamercus Aemilius [II 14] Scaurus was forced into suicide in 34, she killed herself together with him (Tac. Ann. 6,29,1). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 711. [German version] [2] Sister of S. [1]? Possibly a sister of S. [1]. When her son-in-law L. Antistius [II 12] Vetus was accused in AD 66, she, he and her granddaughter Antistia [3] Pollitta took their own lives (Tac. Ann. 16,10 f.). Eck, Werner (Colog…

(Πολυδεύκης/ Polydeúkēs). [German version] [1] One of the Spartan Dioscuri, brother of Castor See Dioscuri. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Slave of the emperor Claudius Slave of Claudius [III 1], who took him to court when Caligula granted slaves generally the right to proceed against their masters. Although Caligula appeared in court, Claudius was not sentenced (Jos. Ant. Iud. 19,12 f.). PIR2 P 562. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of a Roman patrician family, probably originally from Cameria (hence the cognomen Camerinus); documented in the fasti from c. 500 BC. The otherwise rare praenomen Servius appears comparatively frequently and at times is even used in place of the nomen gentile (Tac. Hist. 2,48; Plut. Galba 3,1). The number of cognomina within the gens is high, but it has been impossible to identify clear branches. The link between the S. from the 3rd to the 2nd and 1st cent. BC is unclear. In the 2nd cent. BC, the most important branch of the family was that of…

[German version] [1] C.L. Bassus Senator from Pola, cos. Suff. In 40 AD Senator from Pola in Istria. Praetor urbanus in AD 32; cos. suff. AD 40. L. ran a sizeable pottery production on his property on the Istrian peninsula; his son carried it on [1. 230ff.]. PIR2 L 30. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.L. Bassus Consul ord. 64 AD Son of L. [1]. Consul ordinarius AD 64. He died in the reign of Vespasian [1. 230ff.]; his adoptive son was L. [4] (cf. [2. 115f.]). PIR2 L 31. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C.L. Bassus Caecina Paetus see Caecina [II 6]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

Roman family name derived from the praenomen Tullus; oldest traditional bearer of the name is the sixth king of Rome, Servius T. [I 4]; until the time of Cicero and his family, other bearers are only rarely recorded. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., Attius As 'by far the first man of the Volsci at the time' (Liv. 2,35,7), tradition connected him with the story of Coriolanus, in which T. supported the latter in his plans out of an old hate for the Romans (Liv. 2,37,1-8; 2,38,1-5; 2,39,1; 2,40,12). Hi…

[German version] Freedman of Claudius [III 1], who placed a great deal of trust in him (Suet. Claud. 28,1). In AD 43, P. accompanied Claudius to Britannia and at the ensuing triumph he was given a hasta pura like a freeborn military officer, whereby the position of trust he held with Claudius was also publicly revealed. PIR2 P 878. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Plebian gentile name. [German version] [1] (Ateius ?), C. Senator (middle of the 1st cent. BC) Senator 54 BC (Cic. Att. 4,17,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Sp. Roman envoy 438 BC Roman envoy, killed by Fidenates in 438 BC (statue on the rostra, Cic. Phil. 9,4 f.; Livy 4,17,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Briso, M. Tribunus plebis 137 BC Tribune in 137 BC, effective in opposing lex tabellaria of L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Brut. 67). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] Restio (?), C. Tribunus plebis probably 68 BC Tribune …