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[English version] (Ὠλίαρος). Größte (38 km2) der sich um Paros gruppierenden Inseln, h. Antiparos (Strab. 10,5,3; Mela 2,111). Auf dem Felsriff Saliangos befand sich die erste bekannte spätneolithische Siedlung im Kykladenraum. Frühkykladische Gräber kamen auf der Nachbarinsel Diplo zu Tage. Die Stalaktitenhöhle auf O. war bereits im Alt. viel besucht. Ansonsten ist die Gesch. des O. eng mit Paros verbunden. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography H. Kaletsch, s.v. Antiparos, in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 121.

[English version] (Καφηρεύς, Καφαρεύς). Bes. gefürchtetes SO-Kap von Euboia, h. Kavo Doro. Belegstellen: Hdt. 8,7,1; Strab. 8,6,2; Ptol. 3,14,22; Plin. nat. 4,63; Mela 2,107. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Top. und Gesch. der Insel Euboia 1, 1903, 6f.

(Κάρυστος, lat. Carystus). [English version] [1] Stadt in Euboia Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Achaimenidai | Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Attischer Seebund | Getreidehandel, Getreideimport | Makedonia, Makedones | Marmor | Perserkriege Stadt in der Küstenebene am gleichnamigen Golf im Süden von Euboia, auch h. K., etwa 3 km landeinwärts zw. Burgberg und Hafen, als Gründung der Dryopes bekannt, die im Rahmen der Dorischen Wanderung ihre mittelgriech. Heimat verlassen mußten, nach Hom. Il. 2,539 Gründung der Ab…

[English version] (Μαρμάριον). Hafen an der SW-Küste von Euboia, der wohl für die Ausfuhr des Marmors aus den Brüchen von Karystos [1] diente; h. Marmara, wo bei der Kapelle des Hl. Nikolaos Bauteile eines Heiligtums des Apollon Marmarios liegen. Belegstellen: Strab. 10,1,6; Steph. Byz. s.v. M.; Nonn. Dion. 13,164; Eust. Ilias 281,4. Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Top. und Gesch. der Insel Euboia, 1, 1903, 106.

[English version] (Γύαρος). 17 km2 große, h. unbewohnte Insel (Glimmerschiefer) der nordwestl. Kykladen, h. Jura oder Gioura. An der Ostseite finden sich Spuren alter Terrassenkulturen, nahe einer Quelle und einer alten Mole Reste des ant. Ortes G., der im 3. Jh. v.Chr. eigene Kupfer-Mz. prägte; z.Z. Strabons war G. nur noch ein armes Fischerdorf, in der Kaiserzeit ein gefürchteter Verbannungsort (Tac. ann. 3,68; 4,30; Plut. mor. 602c.; Iuv. 1,73; 10,170; Lukian. Toxaris 17f.; Philostr. Ap. 7,16,2;…

[English version] (Κάσος). Südlichste Insel des Dodekanes, 27 Seemeilen von Kreta entfernt, Nachbarinsel von Karpathos, 66 km2 groß, 17 km lang und 6 km breit, bergig, erreicht mit dem Berg Prionas eine H von 600 m. Die Bevölkerung war dor. Ursprungs. Geringe Reste der ant. Stadt sind beim h. Polio oberhalb des h. Fry erh. K. war Mitglied im Attisch-Delischen Seebund mit einem Tribut von 1000 Drachmen (ATL 1,302f.; 2,80; 3,24; 210). Später wurde K. genauso wie auch Karpathos rhodisch. Quellen: Hom. Il. 2,676; …

[German version] (Ἴμβρος; Ímbros, modern Turkish Imroz adası). Island in the northern Sporades at the southern exit of the Hellespont, 30 km long, 13 km wide, 225 square km in area, hill country rising to 597 m. The city of I., modern Kastro, was to the east of the north coast; remains of the city walls. Pelasgi or Tyrrheni are named as original inhabitants. Probably owing to Miltiades, I. became Athenian around 500 BC and remained so into the Imperial period (Hdt. 6,41; 104; Thuc. 7,57,2; Xen. Hell. 5,1,31). I. appears …

(Δῖα, Δία; Dîa, Día). [German version] [1] Female equivalent of Zeus The female equivalent of  Zeus, as Diwiya on the Linear B inscriptions from Pylos and Knossos, with her own sanctuary, just as  Poseidon also has his female counterpart in the Mycenaean pantheon [1]. In the post-Mycenaean period the three heroines who can be linked with the Mycenaean goddess by name, are all linked with Zeus, but the individual derivation is problematical. Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) [German version] [2] Heroine in the local cults of Phlius and Sicyon The heroine is most likely D. in the local cult…

[German version] (Κεκρυφάλεια; Kekrypháleia). Island in the Saronic Gulf, presumably the modern Angistri, mentioned in conjunction with the naval battle between Athens and Aegina in 458 BC (Thuc. 1,105; Diod. Sic. 11,78,2; Plin. HN 4,57; Steph. Byz. s.v. Kekryphaleia) Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. Pityonesos, RE 20, 1880f. Philippson/Kirsten 3, 45.

[German version] (Κύθνος; Kýthnos, Lat. Cythnus, the modern Thermia). Island in the western  Cyclades (86 km2): 21 km long, 11 km wide; a monotonous, undulating plain (height 200 to 350 m.), predominantly slate. Its rugged coast…

This item can be found on the following maps: Writing | Ionic | Colonization | Marble | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Pompeius | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) | Education / Culture (Χίος; Chíos). [German version] A. Introduction Large (856 km2) island, c. 8 km from the mainland. The ancient settlements were on the east coast, where the main city of the same name is today (few traces, an earthquake in 1881 having destroyed nearly all buildings on the island). Highest point is the Pelinaion (1297 m). The east and south-east …

[German version] (Ἑκατόννησοι; Hekatónnēsoi). Archipelago in the north of the eastern strait which divides Lesbos from the mainland of Asia Minor, modern Moschonisia; its largest island was Pordoselene or Nasos, modern Moschon…

[German version] (Κάλυμνα; Kálymna) Island of the Sporades north of Cos (also Kálydna or Kálydnai, which probably also referred to the surrounding smaller islands), with the more common modern name of Kalymnos (109 km2, predominantly limestone, maximum height: 686 m). Documented in Hom. Il. 2,677; Stadiasmus maris magni 280f.; Scyl. 90; Hdt. 7,99,2f.; Str. 10,5,19; Diod. Sic. 5,54,1f.; Plin. HN 5,133; 11,32; Steph. Byz. s.v. Kalymna.; [1; 2. 8f. no. 10]. …

[German version] (Ἴος; Íos). Sparsely fertile island of the southern Cyclades between Naxos and Thera, with an area of 103 km2 and rising to 735 m (Pirgos). The eponymous town was located on the eastern side, near the modern main town. Few remains: the chief sanctuary of Apollo Pythios [2. 308f.; 311f.] is extant, also some prehistoric finds [1. 24], and the ruins of an ancient guard tower (Psaropyrgos). I. claims to be the home of  Homer and displays his tomb close to the northern tip of the island near the moder…

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[German version] (Αἴγινα; Aígina). The island of A. (83 km2), named after the nymph A. (favourite daughter of the river god Asopus), lies almost in the centre of the Saronic Gulf; the port of A. is only 16 nautical miles from  Piraeus. The island is stony, arid, but not entirely barren. According to Str. 8,6,16, it had a circumference of 180 stades ( c. 32 km), and its ancient inhabitants numbered between 13,000 and 20,000. The oldest traces of settlements (end of the 4th millennium BC) have to date been found near Cape Skenderotti (Kolonna). In about 2500 …

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Byzantium | Colonization | Pergamum (Κίος; Kíos). Port town in the eastern part of the Gulf of  Propontis (which is named after it) on the river of the same name, modern Gemlik. C. was the starting-point of the roads to  Nicaea and  Prusa. According to Apoll. Rhod. 4,1470, a foundation of the Argonauts ( Argonautae, map), coins show Hercules as the founder of the city (HN 512-514); according to Plin. HN 5,144 founded by Milesians. C. participated in …

(Ἀρτεμίσιον; Artemísion). [German version] [1] Coastal strip of Euboia facing Magnesia A. was probably the ancient name for the entire coastal strip of  Euboea facing the  Magnesia peninsula (Plin. HN 4,64). Close to the modern village of Artemi…

[German version] (Καλαύρεια; Kalaúreia). Island in the south of the Saronic Gulf off the coast of the Argive Acte (21 km2, up to a height of 283 m), modern Poros. Grave finds have verified that the island was already inhabited in Mycenaean times [1. 297ff.]. The ancient town with its famous  Poseidon sanctuary (right of asylum) -- partially extant and excavated -- was situated in the interior of the island. The earliest finds from the sanctuary date back to the geometric period; the temple was built at the end of …