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[German version] (Ταΰγετος/ Taýgetos). Mountain range in the south of the Peloponnesus (Str. 4,6,12; 8,5,1; Paus. 3,20,4 ff.; Ptol. 3,16,14; in the Byzantine period and in the modern era Pentedáktylon, 'Five Finger mountain range', present-day again T.). It is c. 110 km long and c. 25 km wide and stretches from the Megale Polis basin to Taenarum (highest elevation: present-day Profitis Elias, 2407 m; the southern part in the Middle Ages Mane, Maïne, present-day Mani). Sloping steeply to the east, it separated Laconica from Messana [2] (M…

[German version] (Στενύκλαρος/ Stenýklaros, also Στενύκληρος/ Stenýklēros). City (Ephor. FGrH 70 F 116; Paus. 4,3,7) and plain in the north of Messana [2]. Whereas the northern Messenian plain is described as pedíon Stenyklḗrion or Stenyklērikón (Paus. 4,16,6 and 33,4), the site of the city is unknown (according to [1.74] identical with the city on Mount Ithome [1], according to [2.84] the hill of the Kastro of Tsoukaleika). Lienau Bibliography 1 F. Kiechle, Messenische Studien, 1959 2 N. Valmin, Études topographiques sur la Messénie ancienne, 1930. F. Bölte, s.v. Stenyklaro…

[German version] (Γεράνεια; Geráneia). Mountain range formed primarily by lime and dolomites of the Trias and the Lower Jura as well as (in the west) by ophiolites (serpentinites), reaching across today's Nomos boundary between Attica and Corinth. In the west, it flattens out in Akron Melankavi (and Akron Heraion) into the Gulf of Corinth; in the east, it drops off steeply to the Gulf of Megara (part of the Saronic Gulf), forming the Scironian Cliffs. In Makriplagi, at the border between Attica and…

[German version] (ὁ Πάρνων; ho Párnō n), modern term for the entire chain of mountains east of Laconice, which runs from the high plain of Tegea in the P. Peninsula and tapers out far to the south at Cape Malea [1]. P. is attested only once in Antiquity, and only in its northernmost part, the modern Malevo (1935 m elevation), and its northern continuation, over which the road from Argos to Tegea led, with the border region between Arcadia, Argos and Sparta (Paus. 2,38,7). The entire southern continuat…

[German version] (Σκιρῖτις; Skirîtis). Northern border region of Laconia (Thuc. 5,33,2) between the eastern Arcadian and Spartan basins, in the north about 13 km wide and in the south about 4 km, a slate region of the northwestern slopes of the northern Parnon mountains without any larger settlements. It was originally counted as part of Arcadia (Steph. Byz. s. v. Σκίρος). In the 5th cent. BC the Sciritae had the status of Spartan períoikoi . In 369 BC it was annexed to Megale polis (Xen. Hell. 6,5,24 ff.; 7,4,21; Diod. Sic. 15,64,3 ff.; Syll.3 665,31 f. from 164 BC). Lienau, Cay (Münst…

[German version] (Ὄφις/ Óphis). River on the plain of Mantinea that originally flowed through the city; when the city was reestablished in 370 BC it was diverted to flow around it (Paus. 8,8,4; 7; Xen. Hell. 5,2,4f.; Diod. Sic. 15,12,1) and into the Katavothras at the western edge of the plain. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. O. (1), RE 18, 649.

[German version] (Μαθία). Chain of mountains above Corone in Messenia (Paus. 4,34,4), modern Likodimo. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography F. Bölte, s.v. M., RE 14, 2195.

[German version] (Παρθενίας/ Parthenías). Right-bank tributary of the Alpheius [1], rising from the lower slopes of the Foloi, debouching east of Olympia; the present-day Bakireïko. Sources: Str. 8,3,32; Paus. 6,21,7. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. P., RE 18.4, 1886.

[German version] (Ἀραχναῖον; Arachmaîon). Bleak range of limestone mountains, running east to west between the plain of  Argos [II 1] and  Epidaurus; highest peak nowadays called Profitis Elias (1199 m), with altars to  Zeus and  Hera (Paus. 2,25,10). Named in Aesch. Ag. 309 as the site of the last beacon for the signals from Troy. Other names for A. (literally ‘spider mountains’) in Paus. loc. cit. (Sapyselaton) and Hsch. s. v. Hysselinon. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography Philippson/Kirsten 3, 1, 1959,97 f.

[German version] (Λούσιος; Loúsios). This northern tributary of the Alpheius [1], whose source is associated with the legend of the birth of Zeus, rises near Dimitsana. According to Paus. 8,28,2f., in its lower reaches it was called Gortynius; cf. Pol. 16,17,7. Modern Dimitsana. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography F. Bölte, s.v. L., RE 13, 1867.

[German version] (Μήνιος; Mḗnios). A small tributary of the Peneius in the territory of the city of Elis, which Hercules was said to have diverted in order to clean the stables of Augias. It cannot be identified with certainty as a tributary of the modern Revmata. Attested in Paus. 5,1,10; 6,26,1; Theoc. 25,15. Lienau, Cay (Münster)

[German version] [1] Mountain range in Triphylia (Μίνθη; Mínthē). Mountain range in Triphylia, 1344 m high, composed of chalk, modern Alivaina. Traces of a sacrificial site on its peak; Str. 8,3,14 mentions sanctuaries of Hades and Demeter on the slopes. Cf. Ptol. 3,14,35. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. M., RE 15, 1934. [German version] [2] see Mint see Mint

[German version] (Ὀλίγυρτος; Olígyrtos). Mountain range in north-eastern Arcadia (Pol. 4,11,5; 70,1; Plut. Cleomenes 26,3), whose highest mountain is Skipiza (1934 m); it is the meeting-point of the borders of Argolid, Corinthus and Arcadia. Important crossings from the plateau of Orchomenus [3] and Caphyae to Stymphalus and Phlius. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. Oligyrtos, RE 17, 2477-2479  Id., Peloponnesische Wanderungen, 1939, 276f.

[German version] (Ἀροάνια ὄρη; Aroánia órē). Massif (highest peak: Helmos, 2341 m) in northern  Arcadia between Erymathus and Cyllene; for the role of Aroania ore in the legend of the Protides, see  Proetus (Paus. 8,18,7). Lienau, Cay (Münster)

(Ταίναρον; Taínaron). [German version] [1] Promontory, southernmost point of the Peloponnesus (Ταίναρον/ Taínaron, Ταίναρος/ Taínaros; Lat. Taenarum, Taenaros). Promontory on the southern tip of a peninsula formed by the Taygetus, the southernmost point of the Peloponnesus, modern Tenaron or Matapan. It is a marble mountain of 5 km length (311 m height), without any bays on the rugged west side and with two bays dividing the east side (Ormos Asomaton in the south, Ormos Vathi in the north). It is connected to th…

[English version] (Γεράνεια). V.a. aus Kalken und Dolomiten der Trias und des Unteren Jura sowie (im Westen) Ophioliten (Serpentiniten) aufgebautes Gebirge, das - über die h. Nomosgrenze zw. Attika und Korinth hinwegreichend - im Westen im Akron Melankavi (auch Akron Heraion) im Golf von Korinth ausstreicht, im Osten steil zum Golf von Megara (Teil des Saronischen Golfes), die Skironischen Klippen bildend, abfällt. Im Makriplagi an der Grenze zw. Attika und Korinth erreicht es eine H von 1351 m. I…

[English version] (Στενύκλαρος, auch Στενύκληρος). Stadt (Ephor. FGrH 70 F 116; Paus. 4,3,7) und Ebene im Norden von Messana [2]. Während pedíon Stenyklḗrion bzw. Stenyklērikón (Paus. 4,16,6 bzw. 33,4) die nordmessenische Ebene bezeichnet, ist die Lage der Stadt unbekannt (nach [1. 74] identisch mit der Stadt auf der Ithome [1], nach [2. 84] Hügel des Kastro von Tsukaleika). Lienau, Cay; Olshausen, Eckart Bibliography 1 F. Kiechle, Messenische Stud., 1959 2 N. Valmin, Ét. topographiques sur la Messénie ancienne, 1930. F. Bölte, s. v. S., RE 3 A, 2339-2342  Müller, 852.

[English version] (Σκιρῖτις). Nördl. Grenzlandschaft von Lakonia (Thuk. 5,33,2) zw. dem ostarkadischen und dem spartanischen Becken, im Norden ca. 13 km, im Süden 4 km breit, Schiefergebiet der NW-Abdachung des nördl. Parnon ohne größere Ortschaften. Sie zählte urspr. zu Arkadia (Steph. Byz. s. v. Σκίρος). Im 5. Jh. v. Chr. hatten die Skiritai den Status spartanischer períoikoi . 369 v. Chr. erfolgte der Anschluß an Megale polis (Xen. hell. 6,5,24 ff.; 7,4,21; Diod. 15,64,3 ff.; Syll.3 665,31 f. von 164 v. Chr.). Lienau, Cay; Olshausen, Eckart Bibliography F. Geyer, s. v…

[English version] (Ἀραχναῖον). Kahler, ost-westl. streichender, aus Kalken aufgebauter Gebirgszug zw. der Ebene von Argos [II 1] und Epidauros; höchster Gipfel h. Profitis Elias (1199 m), mit Altären des Zeus und der Hera (Paus. 2,25,10). Von Aischyl. Ag. 309 als Standort des letzten Feuersignals von Troia her genannt. Andere Namen für A. (wörtl. “Spinnengebirge”) bei Paus. l.c. (Sapyselaton) und Hesych. s. v. Hysselinon. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography Philippson /Kirsten 3, 1, 1959,97 f.

[English version] (Παρθενίας). Rechter Nebenfluß des Alpheios [1], entspringt an den Ausläufern der Foloi, mündet östl. von Olympia; h. Bakireïko. Belege: Strab. 8,3,32; Paus. 6,21,7. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. P., RE 18.4, 1886.