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Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Siebert, Anne Viola (Hannover)" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Siebert, Anne Viola (Hannover)" )' returned 33 results. Modify search
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Lectisternium
(460 words)
[German version] (Etym.: Lat.
lectum sternere, ‘to prepare a couch’). To serve the gods, food for the gods: a very old form of sacrifice in which a meal was laid out on a table for the god who was lying on a feasting couch in the temple (cf.
Iovis epulum ). This practice was based on the idea that the gods received their share at every meal, suggesting their actual presence. The term
lectisternium is only used in a sacred context. First and foremost, the
lectisternium was a part of the
Graecus ritus, thus a widely common form of sacrifice in Greek worship. In Rome, on the other hand, i…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Transvectio equitum
(365 words)
[German version] Parade of the
iuventus of Roman
equites on 15 July. Its route led from the Temple of Mars to the Porta Capena, the Temple of Castor and Pollux, and up to the Temple of Iuppiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitolium (sources: Liv. 9,46,15; Vir. ill. 32,2). There are mythical/cultic and constitutional versions of the origins of this institution, whose beginnings can be traced to the 4th cent. BC. The first is connected with the help given by the Dioscuri in the battle between the Romans and …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Litatio
(188 words)
[German version] (‘fortunate sacrifice’). From the Latin
litare (based on Greek λιτή/
litḗ, ‘entreaty’) = ‘to sacrifice under favourable auspices’ (intransitive) in contrast to
sacrificare (‘to sacrifice’). The distinction between the two verbs
litare and
sacrificare disappeared in the Augustan period, as they were used synonymously.
Litatio was a technical term of Roman pontifical law (cf. Serv. Aen. 2,119) for the favourable course and completion of an act of sacrifice, by which the desired influence upon the deity (
pax deorum, ‘grace of the gods’) was ensured. The party…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Sistrum
(137 words)
[German version] (Greek σίστρον/
sístron). Egyptian musical instrument, a bronze rattle, used particularly in the cult of Isis. Two forms are known: 1) stirrup
s.: grip or handle with a U-shaped frame; between the arms three moving cross-pieces, on which in an earlier period metal rings were threaded. 2) naos
s.: in the form of a temple gate, i.e. between rectangular and slightly trapezoidal. Statue representing Isis with a
s. cf. [1. 128, cat. no. 51]. With the spread of the Isis cult in the Greek and Roman worlds the
s. also spread, including as a votive gift in Greek sanctuaries [2]. Siebert…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Troiae lusus
(366 words)
[German version] (the so-called 'Game of Troy'; also referred to as
lusus puerorum equestris,
Troicus lusus,
Troiae decursio or simply
Troia). An Ancient Italian battle game on horseback for boys and adolescents. Etymologically derived from Lat.
amptruare or
truare ('hopping while dancing', cf. [1] s. v.
amtruo). The origin and development of the
Troiae lusus (TL) is contested by scholars. The main source for the mythological origin is Verg. Aen. 5,548-603 in connection with the story of the founding of Rome, a version which is not tenable in view…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Verbena
(208 words)
[German version] (usually pl.
verbenae, original meaning 'sacred branch'). Latin collective term for all fresh branches and herbs used in the Roman religion during ritual practices, the main feature being their evil-resisting and purifying effect. There is no evidence to identify V. with a particular herb; the sources mention different herbs: rosemary (Serv. Aen. 12,120), myrtle (Serv.
ibidem; Plin. HN 15,119), laurel (Serv.
ibd.) or olive (Serv. Ecl. 8,65); probably, the
verbenaca was often meant (both Latin terms cannot be clearly separated). V…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Fictores
(118 words)
[German version] (‘moulders of sacrificial cakes’, bakers). They assisted the
pontifices (
fictores pontificum: CIL VI 1074; 10247) and the Vestals (
fictores virginum Vestalium: CIL VI 786; 2134; Varro, Ling. 7,44, Cic. Dom. 139), their office, according to Ennius (Ann. 115), dated back to Numa. The
fictores baked the sacrificial cakes (
liba) ─ a task which they may have taken over from the Vestal virgins ─ and sometimes they were also present at the sacrifices themselves. Cf.
strufertarii (Fest. 85 L.), who offered
strues and
fertum. Siebert, Anne Viola (Hannover) Bibliography M. I…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Os resectum
(142 words)
[German version] ('cut-off bone'). Object of a Roman ritual practised after the change from burial to cremation. According to the Roman
ius pontificum, going back to Numa Pompilius, which in fact forbade cremation (Plut. Numa 22), a corpse was lawfully buried only when at least one complete body-part had been fully interred (Cic. Leg. 2,55; Varro Ling. 5,23; Paul. Fest. 135 L.). The idea behind this is that a burial is a return of the body to the earth. A finger would be separated from the body to be cremated, and in…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Strues
(121 words)
[German version] Roman sacrificial cake (Fest. 408), always mentioned in conjunction with
fertum; these two kinds of sacred pastries are not identical, but in their context are hard to distinguish. Only Cato (Agr. 134 and 141) differentiates:
strues for Ianus,
fertum for Iuppiter. The
Flamen Dialis had to have boxes with these two cakes constantly hanging on the bedposts (Gell. NA 10,15,14).
Strues were used in sacrifice to expiate lightning-struck trees by means of so-called
strufertarii (Paul. Fest. 75; 377); as a preliminary sacrifice at animal sacrifices; at a
lustratio
pagi bet…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Infula
(236 words)
[German version] (Woollen) band with various uses. Together with garlands, the
infulae are the most commonly used items of decoration in Roman worship: on sacrificial animals, sacred buildings, sometimes also altars (Fest. 100 L.). They are also used to decorate houses on the occasion of a wedding (Luc. 2,355; Plin. HN 29,30; Serv. Aen. 4,458). As a component of priestly vestments (head band [1]), the
infula is a diadem-like band from the ends of which tassels (
vittae) hang down on both sides, sometimes of red and white threads, sometimes subdivided into individual segments (
astragalos …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Victimarius
(270 words)
[German version] (older
victumarius). 'Sacrificial servant' in the Roman state cult, according to social class a slave or freedman (for the area of the city of Rome
cf. CIL VI 2201; 9087; 9088; 33781), derived from Lat.
victima, 'sacrificial animal' (CIL XII 533). There is a distinction to be made between the
victimarii and the
popae (who stunned the animals by striking them with a hammer). The
cultrarius [1. 2483] (= 'cutler': CIL X1 3984; [2. Nr. 137; 3. 79]) is not a sacrificial servant; this term has been attested only once in literature in its use as 'sacrificial servant' with the
culter …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Vitulatio
(112 words)
[German version] The
Vitulatio is described in the Roman calendar as the day of joy (Latin
vitulari in ancient Roman poets means 'express joy') and bears a no longer clearly explicable relationship to a festival which had to do with military activities. It was celebrated on 6 July and not, as formerly assumed, on 8/9 July [1; 2. 572]. On that day there were celebrations in honour of the goddess Vitula (Macrob. Sat. 3,2,11-15), the personification of Joy and Victory (Personification), with sacrifices (to Jupiter?) and games. The
Vitulatio is probably connected with the Poplifugia…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Hasta
(1,030 words)
[German version] [1] Hasta, hastati In the Roman army of the middle Republic, the
hasta served primarily as a thrust lance for close combat although it could also be thrown; it had a wooden shaft and an iron point. The
hasta was adapted to the fighting style of the phalanx, but it remained in use when, in the 4th cent. BC, the Romans adopted a more flexible set-up in maniples (
manipulus ). According to Livy (Liv. 8,8,5-13), whose account, however, is not without its problems, in 340 BC the Roman army consisted of three battle rows, the
hastati, the
principes and the
triarii. The
triarii were a…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly