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Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)" )' returned 373 results. Modify search
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Altar
(1,994 words)
[German version] A. Definition and function The Graeco-Roman altar (ἐσχάρα, βωμός;
eschára,
bōmós; Lat.
ara, ‘fireplace’) is defined by its function and not as an object of a certain type. An altar can be an ephemeral natural or artificial elevation, hearth or building for sacrifices involving fire, drink or other elements (in contrast to the sacrificial pit dug into the ground, the βόθρος [
bóthros], Hom. Od. 10, 517; Lucian Char. 22) and marks the centre of a sacrificial act. There are sanctuaries without a temple, but never without an altar ([23. 150]; a…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Angiportum
(61 words)
[German version] (Angiportus). Lane; synonymous with
vicus. According to Vitr. De arch. 1,6,1, a narrow lane or side street in contrast to
platea and
via, sometimes a cul-de-sac in Roman city layouts. Larger houses had a rear entrance accessible from the angiportum. Cf. Town planning; Roads; Construction of Roads Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Phigalia
(734 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: Achaeans, Achaea | Education / Culture (Φιγάλεια/
Phigáleia, Φιγαλία/
Phigalía, from the Hellenistic Period Φιάλεια/
Phiáleia). [German version] I. Location and historical development Town in southwest Arcadia on a very remote mountainous site above the north bank of the Neda (Pol. 4,3,5ff.; Str. 8,3,22; Paus. 8,39,1-42,13; Ptol. 3,16,19; Hierocles, Synecdemus 647,13), near present-day Figalia, and with close geographic and historical connections to Messana [2]. The town has a well…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Rostrum
(669 words)
[German version] A rostrum (Greek βῆμα/
bêma; Latin plural
rostra,) is an elevated podium, a pulpit (early Christian
ámbōn, Lat.
ambo), or a type of stand, shaped in a variety of forms, which raises the speaker above his audience. This is useful not only from an acoustic point of view, but also lends importance to the protagonist acting on the podium, as it 'lifts' him in a significant way over his surroundings. Rostrum-like devices must already have been present in the archaic Greek citizen communities, as in all larger communities of colonists which had to decide…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Triumphal arches
(1,191 words)
[German version] I. Nomenclature and definition Roman triumphal arches (TA) as a free-standing monument were originally called
fornix . Around the beginning of the Common Era the word
ianus came into use, followed with increasing regularity by
arcus. The term
arcus triumphalis came into use in the 3rd cent. AD, leading in the early 19th cent. to the problematic modern concept of 'triumphal arches'. This refers to an imposing arch structure, generally free-standing, but sometimes also to an arch that spans a roadway and connects two buildings that were originally separate from it (such as, for example, the Arch of Augustus in the Forum [III 8] Romanum, which was built as an annex to the temple of Divus Iulius, or the arches in the forum of Pompeii). TA may well be the…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Theatrum Marcelli
(181 words)
[German version] Theatre on the Campus Martius in Rome; probably already begun under Caesar and completed by Augustus in 17 BC for the Saecular Games (
Saeculum III), but dedicated only in 13 or 11 BC in the name of the nephew and first - early deceased - 'heir' of Augustus, M. Claudius [II 4…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Assembly buildings
(1,652 words)
[German version] I. Definition Assembly buildings (AB) are in the following defined as any building of Greek and Roman antiquity, which within the framework of the social, political, or religious organization of a community served as the architectonically defined location for interaction and communication. However, it is not always possible to define the function of an AB unambiguously nor to assume its exclusive usage. Sometimes, buildings or parts of buildings fall under the above definition, whic…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Architect
(1,476 words)
[German version] A. Etymology, term, delimitation The term architect, not documented before the 5th cent. BC, derives from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (
architéktōn; Hdt. 3.60; 4.87); in turn, this term is derived from τέκτων (
téktōn); τεκτωσύνη (
tektosýnē; carpentry), which shows that the architect of early archaic times initially dealt with wood and only later came in contact with stone as a building material. The Latin
arc(h)itectus is a loan word from this Greek semantic field. An architect is associated with practical tasks carried out by tradesmen in the context of buil…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Dome, Construction of domes
(844 words)
[German version] ‘Non-genuine’ dome constructions from layered corbel stone vaults ( Vaults and arches, construction of) are to be found throughout Mediterranean cultures from the 3rd millennium BC; they seem to have entered largely independently the architectural repertory of Minoan Crete (tholos graves at Mesara and Knossos), Mycenaean Greece (‘Treasure-house’ of Atreus in Mycenae; ‘domed grave’ at Orchomenus), Sardinia (
nuraghe), Thrace and Scythia (so-called ‘beehive’-domes on graves and also Etruria (domed grave at Populonia). This form is mostly used in funerary architecture ( Tholos). Only with the development of the Roman technique of pouring concrete in the 1st cent. BC ( Construction technique;
opus caementicium…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Opaeum
(83 words)
[German version] (ὀπαῖον,
opaîon). The opening in the roof or dome in the architecture of antiquity; an important element of lighting in ancient buildings. Rare in Greek architecture ('lantern' of the Lysicrates monument in Athens; Telesterion of Eleusis), but common in Roman dome building.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Pythium
(243 words)
(Πύθιον/
Pýthion). [German version] [1] Term for Attic sanctuaries to Apollo A term rarely used in modern archaeology but common in Antiquity for various Athenian and Attic sanctuaries to Apollo: 1. in southeast Athens on the right bank of the Ilissus (inscriptions, tripod bases extant); 2. cave sanctuary in the cliff on the northwest side of the Acropolis (numerous finds; however, often denoted in ancient literature with the cult name of
Apóllōn Hypakraîos); 3. near the Daphni monastery on the sacred way to Eleusis (of undetermined location but presumably the sourc…
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Septizonium
(44 words)
[German version] District of the city of Rome, mentioned only by Suetonius (Suet. Tit. 1) as the location of the house in which the emperor Titus was born; presumably on the Quirinal. Often confused with the Septizodium. Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) Bibliography Richardson, 350 f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Monumental columns
(1,545 words)
[German version] I. General In archaeological scholarship monumental columns are defined as columns that are …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Greek Revival
(1,791 words)
Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) [German version] A. General (CT) In architectural history the technical term Greek Revival (GR) refers to the copying and imitating of ancient Greek architectural patterns that took place in the late 18th and 19th cents. The term was coined after 1900 in the English-speaking world and usually only applies to Great Britain and the United States; there is no compelling reason, however, to exclude similar examples of Classicist architecture in other countries, especially in the …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Spelunca
(74 words)
[German version] Latin term for a villa or
praetorium of Tiberius (Tac. Ann. 4,59,1; Suet. Tib. 39; Plin. HN 3,59) to the east of Terracina in southern Latium. There is no agreement on …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kommos
(404 words)
[German version] [1] Cretan port This item can be found on the following maps: Dark Ages | Colonization | Aegean Koine (Κόμμος;
Kómmos). Port on the southern coast of Crete, situated near Matala and Phaestus. In the Minoan period K., which was founded …
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Brill’s New Pauly