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[English version] Römerin, die (wohl in der 2. H. 1. Jh. v.Chr.) ein Verhältnis mit einem häßlichen Sklaven namens Clesippus einging und ihn schließlich als Erben einsetzte. Er nannte sich nach ihrem Tod Clesippus Geganius und ließ sich ein aufwendiges Grabmal errichten, dessen Inschrift noch erhalten ist (Plin. nat. 34,11f.; ILLRP 696). Die weitverbreitete Geschichte liegt vielleicht der Figur des Trimalchio bei Petronius zugrunde. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (“der Milchbart”) bei den Aemilii (ThlL 2,1728). Außerdem Name des Kommandanten des M. Antonius bei Aktium; B. wurde von Octavian später begnadigt (App. civ. 4,210-214). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Frau des C. Octavius, des Vaters des Augustus, Mutter der älteren Octavia (Suet. Aug. 4,1; Plut. Ant. 31,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cognomen in der Familie der Caecilii Metelli (Caecilius [I 10-32]; [II 16]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cogn. (Diminutiv von rex, “König”), in republikanischer Zeit in den Familien der Atilii (Atilius [I 17-23]) und Livineii (Livineius [I 1-2]); in der Kaiserzeit auch in anderen Familien. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 265 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 316 f.

[English version] Cognomen zur Bezeichnung des Reichtums, bei L. Baebius [I 7] D. und L. Canuleius [I 5] D.; erblich bei den Nachkommen des P. Licinius Crassus D. ( pontifex maximus 212 v.Chr.; vgl. Plin. nat. 33,133), aber dem Triumvirn M. Licinius Crassus (cos. 70, 55 v.Chr.) fälschlich zugeschrieben. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cognomen, abgeleitet von labea, “Lippe”, urspr. “den mit einer dicken Lippe” bezeichend (Plin. nat. 11, 159); in republikan. Zeit Beiname in den Familien der Antistii ([I 13]: der in der Korrespondenz Ciceros häufiger genannte L.; [II 3]: der berühmte Jurist), Atinii ([I 6 - 7]), Fabii ([I 20]) und Segulii; in der Kaiserzeit weiter verbreitet, u.a. Beiname des Schriftstellers Cornelius [II 19] L. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 118; 238  J. Reichmuth, Die lat. Gentilizia, 1956, 70  Walde/Hofmann 1, 738.

[English version] In zweiter Ehe Gattin des C. Calpurnius [I 9] Piso (Consul 180 v.Chr.); vergiftete angeblich ihren Mann im Amt, um ihrem Sohn aus erster Ehe, Q. Fulvius [I 11] Flaccus, zum Konsulat zu verhelfen, und wurde deshalb verurteilt (Liv. 40,37,5-7). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Lat. Eigenname (Schulze 459). [English version] H., C. Um 75 v.Chr. angesehener und reicher Bürger der sizilischen Stadt Messana. Aus seinem Besitz raubte Verres vier berühmte griech. Statuen und wertvolle Teppiche (Cic. Verr. 2,4,3-19; 27). Trotzdem trat er 70 im Auftrag seiner Gemeinde als Entlastungszeuge für Verres in Rom auf, belastete ihn jedoch im Kreuzverhör Ciceros (Verr. 2,2,13; 4,15-19; 150; 5,47). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] [1] s. Pfeil s. Pfeil Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] röm. Cognomen Cognomen (von malleus, “Hammer”) in der Familie der Publicii in republikanischer Zeit. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 342.

[English version] Röm. Cognomen, zunächst die Adoption aus der Familie der Mucii bezeichend. Bes. verbreitet in der Familie der Licinii, dann auch bei weiteren gentes. Prominenteste Träger sind L. Licinius [I 19] Crassus Dives M. ( cos. 131 v.Chr.) und C. Licinius [II 14] M. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 259 2 Ders., FCap, 146 3 Kajanto, Cognomina, 18; 32; 158.

[English version] Röm. Cognomen vermutlich etr. Herkunft (Schulze, 290, 322; ThlL, Onom. 120-122) wohl mit camillus zusammenhängend in der Bed. “edelgeborener unerwachsener Knabe”, dann “Opferdiener” (Fest. 38; 82L; Varro ling. 7,34 u.a.). In republikanischer Zeit ist C. Familienbeiname der Furii; berühmtester Träger ist M. Furius C., Eroberer von Veii 396 v.Chr. und Retter Roms nach der Gallierkatastrophe. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Walde/Hofmann 1, 147.

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (“Töpfer”), in den Fasten der republikanischen Zeit für die Familie der Marcii und den Schriftsteller P. Nigidius F. bezeugt. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 322.

Röm. Gentilname (ältere Form inschr. Foslius, InscrIt 13,1,37, F. [3]), in der frühen Republik nur für die Familie der patrizischen Folii bezeugt, die Ende des 4. Jh. v.Chr. ausstarb; später geläufiger Eigenname nichtsenatorischer Familien. [English version] [1] Pontifex maximus, getötet von Kelten 387 v.Chr. Pontifex maximus, blieb bei der Einnahme Roms durch die Kelten 387 v.Chr. mit anderen Greisen in Rom und wurde getötet (Liv. 5,41,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] F. Flaccinator, M. Consulartribun 433 v.Chr. Consulartribun 433 v.Chr. (Liv. 4,25…

[English version] ( Saborra). Feldherr Iubas [1] von Numidien, 49 v. Chr. am Sieg über Caesars Statthalter C. Scribonius Curio beteiligt, 46 von dem Caesarianer P. Sittius geschlagen und getötet (Caes. civ. 2,38-42; Bell. Afr. 48,1; 93,3; 95,1; App. civ. 2,181-186; 4,232; Frontin. strat. 2,5,40). Lucanus (4,722) schreibt aus metr. Gründen Sabbura. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] (lat. Crixus). Mit Spartacus einer der Führer des großen Sklavenaufstandes 73 v.Chr. Nachdem K. sich Anf. 72 vom Hauptheer getrennt hatte, wurden seine Truppen in Apulien vom Consul L. Gellius [4] und dem Propraetor Q. Arrius [I 4] geschlagen, er selbst fand den Tod (Sall. hist. 3,96 M.; Liv. per. 95f.; App. civ. 1,540-543 u.a). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cognomen, übermäßige persönliche Härte bezeichnend, in republikanischer Zeit in der Familie der Manlier (Manlius) im 4. Jh. v.Chr. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 266.

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (“der Gete”), in republikanischer Zeit des C. Licinius G. ( cos. 116 v.Chr.) und des C. Hosidius G., in der Kaiserzeit - in der Form Geta - auch bei den Hosidii und Septimii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCIR 253 Kajanto, Cognomina 204.

[English version] Patrizischer Gentilname, früh verschwunden, in der Kaiserzeit vereinzelt Name von Sklaven und Freigelassenen (Schulze 269; ThlL 2,1022). A. Varus Fontinalis erließ als Konsul 454 v.Chr. ein Gesetz über die Bezahlung von Strafen; 448 angeblich als Patrizier in das Kollegium der Volkstribunen kooptiert (Liv. 3,65,1; MRR 1,42f.; 50). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Beiname (“die Eselin”) in der Familie der Cornelier. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Seltener röm. Familienname. [English version] C., C. zunächst Schreiber des Scipio Africanus Maior, 173 v.Chr. nach vorhergehender, freiwillig zurückgezogener Bewerbung praetor mit Sardinien als Provinz. Nach dem Sieg über die Korsen triumphierte er gegen den Willen des Senats 172 in monte Albano; 168 weihte er einen der Iuno Moneta gelobten Tempel. 167 Kommissionsmitglied zur Neuordnung von Illyrien. (MRR 1,408; 435). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography E. Badian, The scribae of the Roman Republic, in: Klio 71, 1989, 584.

[English version] Weitverbreitetes röm. Cognomen (“großnasig”), das allerdings in sozial hochgestellten Familien der Republik nicht vorkommt; bei einzelnen Trägern ist die Familie nicht zu ermitteln. Prominentester Träger ist der Dichter P. Ovidius N. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 237 2 Walde/Hofmann 2, 146.

[English version] Beiname (“Spanier”) des Cn. Cornelius [I 78] Scipio H. (cos. 176); in der Form Hispanus bei seinem Sohn Cornelius [I 79]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Familienname, auch Galonius, Calonius (Schulze 171), Namensträger sind inschr. mehrfach bezeugt, aber histor. unbedeutend. [English version] [1] G., C. Stadtkommandant von Gades 49 v.Chr. Röm. Ritter, war 49 v.Chr. von L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus zu einer Erbschaftsregelung nach Gades geschickt worden, wurde dort im Bürgerkrieg Stadtkommandant, räumte aber den Platz vor Caesar (Caes. civ. 2,18,2; 20,2f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] G., P. Schlemmer bei Lucilius 1238 M. Als Schlemmer und Prasser durch Lucilius (1238 M.) sprichwörtlich geworden. El…

[English version] Röm. Historiker wohl des 1. Jhs. n. Chr., bei Plin. nat. mehrfach als Quelle benannt (HRR 12 317). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schanz/Hosius 2, 649.

[English version] [1] C., röm. Gesandter (171 v. Chr) C., Gesandter an König Masinissa und die Karthager 171 v. Chr.; sein Nachkomme vielleicht der Münzmeister C. Aburius Geminus 134 (MRR 1, 418; RRC 276). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] M., Volkstribun 187 v. Chr. M., versuchte als Volkstribun 187 v. Chr. den Triumph des M. Fulvius Nobilior zu verhindern (Liv. 39,4-6); Praetor inter peregrinos 176 (Liv. 41,14; 15). Sein Nachkomme vielleicht der Münzmeister M. Aburius Geminus 132 (MRR 2,369; 400; RRC 280). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (“der Bart”) bei den Cassii, Lucretii, Sulpicii u.a. Familien (ThlL 2,1727f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Seltener lat. Gentilname. Namensträger sind der (sonst unbekannte) Erbauer des pons Mulvius ( pons Milvius ; E. 2. Jh.v.Chr.) und ein M.M., der als triumvir nocturnus 241 v.Chr. verurteilt wurde, weil er mit seinen Kollegen zu spät zur Brandbekämpfung an der via sacra erschien (Val. Max. 8, 1 damn. 5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (orthographische Variante von Gallus?) in der Familie der Sulpicii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCIR 253 Ders., FCap 149 Kajanto, Cognomina 195.

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (vielleicht etr. Herkunft) in der Familie der Claudier [1. 149], wohl verbunden mit cento “der Lumpenanzug” [2. 200]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze 2 Walde/Hofmann I3.

[English version] Seltenes röm. Cogn. (“Priester”), in republikanischer Zeit in der Familie der Licinii (Licinius [I 41]), in der Kaiserzeit bei Marius Plotius [II 5] Claudius S. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 319.

[English version] Nach Plutarch (Numa 10,1) eine der ersten von König Numa eingesetzten röm. Vestalinnen. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] “Der Einäugige” (Enn. scaen. 67f. V.2 bei Varro ling. 7,71; Plin. nat. 11,150), als Spitzname vorkommend. Cognomen des Horatius C. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3A, 1828.

[English version] C., Senator vor 60 v. Chr, Schwiegervater des P. Sestius (Cic. Sest. 6; MRR 2,487 [1]) Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Two studies in Roman nomenclature, 21991, 5.

Röm. Eigenname bzw. Cognomen [1; 2] [English version] [1] Dichter, 1. Jh. v. Chr. von Catull. 14,18 als schlechter zeitgenössischer Dichter genannt (bei Cic. Tusc. 5,63 Aquinius). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] L. Haruspex 389 v. Chr. haruspex 389 v. Chr. (Macr. Sat. 1,16,22; vgl. Liv. 6,1,11 u. a.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [3] M. Legat 46 v. Chr. Senator, Legat (?) des Pompeius 46 v. Chr. in Afrika, von Caesar begnadigt (Bell. Afr. 57; 89,5), wohl identisch mit dem Legaten des C. Cassius 43-42 (Goldmünzenprägung: RRC 498/9). MRR 3, 25. Elvers…

[English version] Röm. Cognomen (“Sieger über Numantia”), inoffizieller Siegesbeiname des L. Cornelius [I 70] Scipio Aemilianus Africanus; sonst auch zur Bezeichnung der Herkunft. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 199.

[English version] Cognomen des M. Valerius Messalla ( cos. 12 v. Chr.), hergeleitet vom Praenomen seines natürlichen Vaters Ap. Claudius Pulcher. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 39, 172.

Italischer Familienname, bes. im 1.Jh. v.Chr. bezeugt (ThlL, Onom. 2, 505f.). [English version] [1] C., L. Italikerführer, gest. 89 v.Chr. Italikerführer im Bundesgenossenkrieg, wurde bei dem zweimaligem Versuch, die Belagerung von Pompeii aufzuheben, von Sulla geschlagen und fiel 89 v.Chr. (App. civ. 1,218-221). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] C. Habitus, A. Röm. Ritter aus Larinum (1.H. 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Röm. Ritter aus Larinum in Apulien, bekannt durch Ciceros Rede Pro Cluentio 66 v.Chr. Nach dem Tod seines gleichnamigen Vaters im J. 88 hatte sei…

[English version] Cognomen (inschr. auch Ypsaeus) wohl griech. Herkunft in republikanischer Zeit in der Familie der Plautii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[English version] Cognomen (von a. “Speck”) in den Familien der Cornelier und Papirier. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 91, 340.

[German version] Roman cognomen occurring in the Caninii family (Caninius [3-5]) until the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCIR, 265.

Name of a Roman patrician family, which according to tradition was politically significant in Rome during the 5th cent. BC, but then entirely disappeared. The gens supposedly came to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7); a later construction traced the family back to  Gyas, a companion of Aeneas (Serv. Aen. 5,117). [German version] [1] G. Macerinus, M. Cos III, censor 435 BC Consul I in 447 BC, II in 443 (triumph over the Volsci, InscrIt 13,1,67; Liv. 4,9f.), III in 437, censor in 435 with C. Furius [I 25] Pacilus; legate in 431. Elvers, Ka…

Plebian gentes name, attested from the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC onwards (ThlL, Onom. 2, 760-762). [German version] [1] Procos. between 47 and 45 BC Otherwise unknown proconsul between 47 and 45 BC (contact of Cic. Fam. 13,49). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., M. People's tribune 198 BC People's tribune in 198 BC, objected to the election of T.  Quinctius Flamininus as consul (Liv. 32,7,8). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] C., Q. Catalinarian, betrayed the conspiracy in 63 BC In 70 BC, as a former quaestor (?), he was expelled from the…

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘Fly’) in the family of the Sempronii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 24; 85; 333.

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Diminutive of asinus, nickname in the families of the Annians and Claudians, also common in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 87, 325. [German version] [2] see Donkey see  Donkey

[German version] Cognomen (= ala, the armpit), creation legend in Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 12,4,4-5 [1]. Famous as surname of the Servilii in the 5th cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Mommsen, Röm. Forsch. 2, 1879, 209 ff. F. Münzer, s. v. Servilius, RE 2A, 1768.

[German version] Calvinus [1] see  Domitius [German version] Calvinus [2] Roman cognomen, in the Republican period particularly common in the  Domitii family, but also in the Sextii and Veturii (ThlL, Onom. 108). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 235.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('Victor over“Privernum”'), byname of L. Aemilius [I 24] Mamercinus P. (perhaps invented later). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 182.

[German version] Roman cognomen, probable origin as a nickname, ‘nut’ (Fest. 176 L.; cf. Cic. De or. 2,253), Numisius [I 2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 89; 337.

[German version] [1] C., Roman envoy (171 BC) C., envoy to King Masinissa and the Carthaginians 171 BC; his offspring was possibly the mint master C. Aburius Geminus 134 (MRR 1, 418; RRC 276). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Tribunus plebis (187 BC) M., attempted as tribunus plebis in 187 BC to prevent the triumph of M. Fulvius Nobilior (Liv. 39,4-6); Praetor inter peregrinos 176 (Liv. 41,14; 15). His offspring was possibly the mint master M. Aburius Geminus 132 (MRR 2,369; 400; RRC 280). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Latin proper name (Schulze 459). [German version] H., C. Around 75 BC a respected and rich citizen of the Sicilian city of Messana. Of his possessions  Verres stole four famous Greek statues and valuable carpets (Cic. Verr. 2,4,3-19; 27). In spite of this, in 70, on behalf of his community, he appeared in Rome for Verres as a witness for the defence but incriminated him in the cross-examination by Cicero (Verr. 2,2,13; 4,15-19; 150; 5,47). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘Throat’, pejorative ‘Spendthrift’, Macrob. Sat. 3,13,7; cf. gurgulio), in the Republican period in the family of the Fabii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 269 Walde/Hofmann 1, 627f.

[German version] One of the twelve praetors of the insurgent Italians during the Social War [3]. L. fell in 90 BC, in the battle against Ser. Sulpicius Galba (App. B Civ. 1,181; 204-206; ILLRP 1089). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Abbreviation of the uncommon Lat. Praenomen Gnaeus (Old Lat. Gnaivos, Oscan Gnaivs, Etruscan cneve), from (g)naevus, ‘birthmark’, also abbreviated as Gn. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Walde/Hofmann, 1, 613 Salomies, 29f.

[German version] Roman cognomen (perhaps of Etruscan origin) in the Claudian family [1. 149]; probably linked to cento ‘suit of rags’ [2. 200]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze 2 Walde/Hofmann I3.

Name of a plebeian lineage, attestable from the 5th cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 18f.). [German version] [1] C., L. People's tribune in 475 BC People's tribune in 475 BC (MRR 1, 28). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., M. Roman, allegedly heard a divine voice near the Vesta temple in 391 BC allegedly heard a divine voice near the Vesta temple in 391 BC, warning him of the impending attack by the Gauls. In the same place, the sanctuary of  Aius Locutius was later erected. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] C., Q. Centurion against the Etruscans According to a later a…

[German version] Roman cognomen probably of Etruscan origin, Iuventius [I 5-8]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schulze, 94.

[German version] Roman historian, probably of the 1st cent. AD, often cited as a source in Pliny's HN (HRR 12 317). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schanz/Hosius 2, 649.

[German version] Roman cognomen (probably for descent from Cales) in the gens  Fufia in the 1st cent. BC; frequent epigraphical attestations in the imperial age (ThlL, Onom. 79). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Tr. pl. in 133 BC, in a fight was the first to hit Ti. Sempronius [I 16] Gracchus with a chair leg (Plut. Ti. Gracchus 19,10). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Name of a plebeian (probably immigrant) family, attested in the 3rd-2nd cents. BC, but later disappeared (ThlL, Onom. 219f.; Schulze, 139, A.8; 403; 454). The quaestor and witness in the trial of Camillus in 391 BC, Sp. C. (MRR 1,93), may have been a later fabrication; there was also a chieftain of Britain by the name of C. (Caes. B Gall. 5,22,1). [German version] [1] C., L. Tribunus plebis 212 BC People's tribune in 212 BC, alongside Sp. C., perhaps his brother. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., Sp. Leader of a scribal school Freedman of Sp. C. Maximus Ruga, around 2…

[German version] (also Caeso). Uncommon Latin praenomen, perhaps of Etruscan origin, abbreviated K.; according to ancient etymology it indicates a child born by Caesarean section (Liber de praenominibus 6; Fest. 50L; Plin. HN 7,47). Because K. appears among patrician families only in the Fabii and Quinctii, who were the first to hold the priesthood of the luperci, according to Mommsen it may denote the ritual ‘striking’ ( caedere) at the festival of the Lupercalia and originally have been the name of a lupercus ( Lupercal). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Salomies, 26f.

[German version] [II] Cognomen (‘twin’) of the Tusculan  Maecius G.; in the fasti of the Republican period otherwise used by the Servilii and Veturii; widespread in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCap. 145 Id., FCIR 253 Kajanto, Cognomina 294 Walde/Hofmann 1, 586f.

Name of a plebeian family that died out in the 3rd cent. BC; in inscriptions Duilius, in manuscripts Duillius (ThlL, Onom. 3, 266f.); mistaken etymology derived the name from duellum-bellum, in the form Duellius, Bellius (Cic. Or. 153; Quint. Inst. 1,4,15; cf. Pol. 1,22,1). [German version] [1] D., C. Cos. 260 BC, commander in the 1st Punic War Consul 260 BC with Cn. Cornelius [I 74] Scipio Asina. After Scipio was captured at Lipara, D. also took over command of the fleet at Messana; he provided its ships with portable boarding bridges ( corvus), and trained the fleet in their use. At M…

[German version] Cognomen (meaning uncertain) in the families of the  Cornelii and the  Helvii. On the poet C. see Helvius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto 106.

[German version] Roman cognomen, derived from labea, ‘lip’, originally denoting ‘the thick-lipped one’ (Plin. HN 11, 159); in the Republican period cognomen in families of the Antistii ([I 13]: the L. frequently mentioned in Cicero's correspondence [II 3] is the famous law expert), Atinii ([I 6 - 7]), Fabii ([I 20]) and Segulii; widespread in the Imperial period, among others nickname of the writer Cornelius [II 19] L. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 118; 238 J. Reichmuth, Die lat. Gentilizia, 1956, 70 Walde/Hofmann 1, 738.

Roman nomen gentile, used since the 5th cent. BC. According to the fasti, members of the family of the Helvae served as consuls several times in the 5th cent. [German version] [1] Tribunus plebis (end of 2nd, beginning of 1st cent. BC) ) Probably tribunus plebis before 63 BC and after the Gracchi. Author of a lex Aebutia, which prohibited those proposing a law and their relatives from taking over a function created by the law (Cic. Leg. agr. 2,21 [1]). If A. still belongs to the second century, he may also be the author of a lex Aebutia about the introduction of formulaic procedure in trial …

Roman family name (ThlL, Onom. 110). [German version] C. Cicero, C. People's tribune 454 BC, brought an accusation against the former consul Romilius (Liv. 3,31,5); probably a late annalistic invention [1. 448]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R. M. Ogilvie, A commentary on Livy books 1-5, 1965.

[German version] Roman cognomen, probably derived from an unknown place, common particularly in the Fabii (Fabius [I 37-39]) family. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 209.

[German version] Roman cognomen (originally ‘the one <from the residence> on the hill’); in the Republican period occurring in L. Sextius L. ( cos. in 366 BC), in the imperial period also in the families of the Claudii, Magii, Plautii and Sextii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 309.

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘especially noble’; nobiles ); prominent in the family of the Fulvii (Fulvius [I 15-17]), but also widespread elsewhere. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 72; 279.

[German version] Roman cognomen (from tudites, 'hammers'), prominent in the Republican period in the Sempronii family (Sempronius [I 22-24]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 22; 91; 108 f.; 343.

[German version] Vestal virgin before 91 until after 68 BC, sister of Fonteius [I 2] (Cic. Font. 46-49). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Italian family name, especially in evidence in the 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 2, 505f.). [German version] [1] C., L. Italic leader, died in 89 BC Italic leader in the Social War, was defeated by Sulla in the second attempt to raise the siege of Pompeii and killed in 89 BC (App. B Civ. 1,218-221). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C. Habitus, A. Roman eques from Larinum, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC Roman knight from Larinum in Apulia, known from Cicero's oration Pro Cluentio in 66 BC. After the death of his homonymous father in 88 his mother Sassia married Statius …

[German version] Rare Roman family name. In 121 BC L. S. delivered the head of C. Sempronius [I 11] Gracchus to the consul C. Opimius [1] and allegedly was given its weight in gold for it (Cic. De or. 2,269; Diod. Sic. 35,29; Plut. C. Gracchus 17,4 f. etc.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘the onion’) among the Atilii (ThlL 2.2239). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen of Etruscan origin, Plotius [I 2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 106.

[German version] Name of a Patrician gens, disappeared early, in Imperial times occasionally the name for slaves and freedpersons (Schulze 269; ThlL 2,1022). In 454 BC, consul A. Varus Fontinalis enacted a law regarding the payment of penalties; in 448, he allegedly became a tribunus plebis though he was a patrician (Liv. 3,65,1; MRR 1,42f.; 50). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Cognomen indicating wealth in the case of L. Baebius [I 7] D. and L. Canuleius [I 5] D. It became hereditary for the descendants of P.  Licinius Crassus D. ( pontifex maximus in 212 BC; cf. Plin. HN 33,133). Wrongly attributed to the triumvir M.  Licinius Crassus (cos. 70, 55 BC). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen ('small-eyed'). It appeared first in the family of the Livii, from the time of the Late Republic, and then also in the families of the Servii and the Sulpicii (the emperor Galba [2] for instance). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 260 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 239.

[German version] Roman family cognomen among the Pomponii and for M.  Insteius B. (cos. suff. AD 162) otherwise used among slaves and emancipated slaves (ThlL 2,2018f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Roman plebeian gentile name (occupational designation, derived from the priestly office of the flamen [1]). Bearers of the name have emerged from the 3rd cent. BC. But the family is probably older, as can be seen from the place names campus Flaminius and prata Flaminia (Varro, Ling. 5,154; Liv. 3,54,15; 3,58,7) that can, however, also be interpreted as ‘property of the flamines’ (Oros. 5,18,27; [2]). Via Flaminia  F. [1]. [German version] [1] F., C. Cos. 217 BC in the 2nd Punic War Homo novus who was successful in his career despite the resistance of a large part of the nobili…

[German version] Nickname (‘she-donkey’) in the Cornelian family. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cogn. (diminutive of rex, 'king'), found in the families of the Atilii (Atilius [I 17-23]) and Livineii (Livineius [I 1-2]) in the Republican Period; in the Imperial Period in other families as well. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 265 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 316 f.

[German version] Roman first name (ThlL, Onom. 3,73-76), probably did not indicate the place in a sequence (‘the tenth’) of births but the month of the birth; abbreviated D., in the Imperial period also Dec.; Greek Δέκμος, later Δέκιμος. The name was not used by patrician families and is otherwise rare as well (more frequent among the Iunii ( Iunius) Bruti and the Laelii ( Laelius)); in the Imperial period, it is also documented as a cognomen (for example with Aurelius, Flavius, Pacarius) and as a nomen. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 172 Salomies, 27f., …

Roman personal name and cognomen [1; 2] [German version] [1] Poet of the 1st cent. BC Mentioned in Catull. 14,18 as a bad contemporary poet (at Cic. Tusc. 5,63 Aquinius). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] L. Haruspex in 389 BC Haruspex in 389 BC (Macrob. Sat. 1,16,22; see Liv. 6,1,11 i.a.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] M. Legate in 46 BC Senator, legate (?) of Pompey in Africa in 46 BC, pardoned by Caesar (Bell. Afr. 57; 89,5), probably identical to the legate of C. Cassius 43-42 (gold coin minting: RRC 498/9). MRR 3, 25. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibli…

[German version] (Fast. Capitolini, InscrIt 13,1,25; literary form Publicola, Greek Ποπλικόλας/ Poplikólas). Roman cognomen. The etymology is unclear, according to ancient (certainly incorrect) view meaning 'friend of the people' (Liv. 3,18,6). Common in families of the Gellii (Gellius [I 5]) and Valerii. The best-known bearer is P. Valerius P. ( cos. suff. 509 BC). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 256  R.M. Ogilvie, A Comm. on Livy, Books 1-5, 21970, 253  H. Volkmann, s.v. Valerius (302), RE 8A, 180  Walde/Hofmann 2, 339.

[German version] Cognomen in the gens Aurelia ( Aurelius [I 2-12 and II 13]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 106.

[German version] Roman cognomen (derived from an unknown place name Turris); cf. Horatius [3] and Mamilius [5]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 113; 184.

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘fringe’, ‘curl’), attested in the Republican period in the family of the Flavii, also in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 223.

[German version] Roman cognomen, derived by Cicero (Brut. 56) from laena, the cloak of the flamines , but in fact of Etruscan origin and probably an ethnicon (cf. Asprenas, Maenas, etc.). In the Republican era it was the hereditary surname in the Popillius family (from cos. 359 BC on), in the Imperial period also in the Octavius and Vipsanius families. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 210 Schulze, 83; 186; 530.

[German version] Epithet (‘Spaniard’) of Cn. Cornelius [I 78] Scipio H. (cos. 176); taking the form of Hispanus with his son Cornelius [I 79]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen ('runner', 'stolon'), according to Varro (Rust. 1,2,9) and Plinius (HN 17,7) 'somebody who prunes wild shoots'; recorded only for the Licinii family (Licinius [I 43-44; II 24]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 337  Walde/Hofmann 2, 599.

[German version] Victor's name of L. Caecilius [I 24] Metellus D. ( cos. 119 BC). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘Ligurian’), in the Republican period in the families of the Aelii (Aelius [I 5 and 6]), Octavii and other (unknown) families. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 196 D. R. Shackleton Bailey, Onomasticon to Cicero's Letters, 1995, 63.

[German version] Common Roman cognomen (‘the Stutterer’) in republican times among the Acilii, Cornelii, Laelii, Lucilii and other families (ThlL 2,1693f.). In imperial times the epithet of the following consuls: l. Cornelius B. (40 BC), l. Cornelius B. (32 BC), D. Laelius B. (6 BC), l. Norbanus B. (AD 19), Q. Iulius B. (AD 85), Q. Iulius B. (AD 129). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen ('Wart-Bearer'). Epithet of Q. Fabius [I 30] Maximus and of Asinius Pollio V. (PIR A 1243, cos. in 81 AD). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 246.

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Caecilii Metelli ( Caecilius [I 10-32]; [II 16]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, describing the constellations of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. The sole known bearer is the triumvir [4] monetalis in 136 BC, Q. Lucretius T. (RRC 239). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 338.

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘curlyhead’) of Cn.  Manlius C. ( cos. in 480 BC) and especially occurring in the Gens Quinctia; attested between around 460 and 360 BC, originally used to differentiate the brothers L.  Quinctius C. ( dictator in 458 BC) and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, then apparently passed down in the family. There must have been a patrician bearer of the name as late as the 1st cent. AD (Suet. Cal. 35,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 223.