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[German version] Imp. Caes. P. Licinius Egnatius G. Augustus, born c. AD 218 near Milan ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 33,3), son of the later emperor P. Licinius Valerianus and Egnatia Mariniana. Valerian, who had himself proclaimed emperor in September/October 253, immediately appointed G. Caesar, then Augustus, and had this confirmed by the Senate with a territorial allocation of responsibilities: Valerian went to the east to confront the Persian threat, G. went to the west to defend the Rhine and Danube bo…

[German version] The younger son of  Odaenathus and  Zenobia (SHA Gall. 13,2; SHA Tyr. Trig. 15,2; 17,2; 24,4; 27; 28; 30). Following the death of his father he and his elder brother Timolaus received the ornamenta imperatoria, while their mother ruled on behalf of the under-age children (SHA Tyr. Trig. 27,1; 30,2; SHA Aurel. 22,1; 38,1). Later, however, her third son  Vaballathus assumed power. H. was probably killed by Aurelian (SHA Tyr. Trig. 27,1f.). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 H 95 PLRE 1, 421 (H. 1).

[German version] Imperator Caesar C.P. Niger Iustus Augustus, Roman emperor AD 193-194, of Italian origin, born between AD 135 and 140 in Aquinum (?) (SHA Pesc. Nig. 1,3). P. initially completed the equestrian cursus honorum: he was praefectus cohortis during the reign of Marcus [2] Aurelius and served twice as tribunus militum under Commodus (SHA Pesc. Nig. 4,2; 4,4), who admitted him to the Praetorian guard ( adlectus inter praetorios). Between AD 180 and 183, P. held the office of consul ( cos. suff., Hdn. 2,7,4; [1. 138; 2. 138f.]) and may have proved his military ability …

[German version] [1] see Hosidius, Lusius, Septimius, Vitorius see  Hosidius, Lusius, Septimius, Vitorius Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [German version] [2] Imp. Caesar P. Septimius Geta Augustus Son of the emperor Septimius Severus, brother of Caracalla Born in March AD 189 in Rome, the son of L.  Septimius Severus and  Iulia Domna, younger brother of  Caracalla (Cass. Dio 57,2,5; SHA Sept. Sev. 4,2; Get. 3,1 [27 May 189]; [2. 522ff.]). In 197 he went with his father, together with his mother and brother, to the ‘Second Parthian War’…

[German version] Wife of the emperor Carinus (end of the 3rd cent. AD) from Colonia Iulia Gemella Accitana in Hispania (CIL II 3394). She bore the titles of Augusta, mater castrorum and mater senatus ac patriae (CIL VIII 2384; XI 6957). PIR2 M 99. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography H. Cohen, Description Historique des Monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain VI2, 1886, 405-408.

[German version] P. Marciana was from Africa (Leptis Magna?); from c. AD 175 she was the first wife of  Septimius Severus (SHA Sept. Sev. 3,2) and died in about AD 185 ([1. nos. 410, 411]; CIL VIII 19494 = ILS 440). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.M. Reynolds (ed.), The Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitana, 1952. A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus, 21988, 52; 75; 225  PIR2 P 20  Raepsaet-Charlier, 590.

[German version] C. was the prefect of a cavalry division (the ala Dalmatorum) and participated in the conspiracy against emperor  Gallienus, whom he murdered in AD 268 near Milan (SHA Gall. 14,4; 7ff.; Zos. 1,40,2). PIR2 C 595. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

[German version] Daughter of C.F. Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus, from AD 241 wife of  Gordianus [3] III, who installed her as Augusta shortly before his Persian War (SHA Gord. 23,5-6; Eutr. 9,2,2; Zos. 1,17; Zon. 12, 18 p. 129 D.; CIL VI 2114; 130). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 F 587 Kienast, 21996, 197.

[German version] I., who allegedly boasted of his descent from (Severus?) Alexander (Aur. Vict. Caes. 29,2), was proclaimed rival emperor to  Philippus Arabs in Cappadocia or Syria in AD 248/49 (Chron. min. 1, 521,38 Mommsen; Zos. 1,20,2; Aur. Vict. Caes. 29,2) and in September/October 249 he was killed by his soldiers (Zos. 1,21,2; RIC 4,3, 105). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography PIR2 I 49 Kienast 2, 202 X. Loriot, Les premières années de la grande crise du IIIe siècle, in: ANRW II 2, 1975, 657-797, esp. 794.

[German version] Titus (?) Q. was a friend of the emperor Severus Alexander with consular rank. After the failed attempt at usurpation, directed against Maximinus [2] Thrax by Magnus [2] on the Rhine in AD 235, Q. was proclaimed rival emperor by eastern troops; however, only a little later he was murdered at the instigation of Macedo [2] (Hdn. 7,1,4-11; SHA Maximini duo 11,2; fictitious: SHA Tyr. Trig. 32). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 21996, 186 f.  X. Loriot, Les premières années de la grande crise du IIIe siècle: De l'avènement de Maximin le Thrace (235) à la mo…

[German version] [1] Imp. Caes. M. Antonius G. Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Aug. Augustus in Carthage AD 238 (G.I.), born in c. AD 159, the son of Maecius Marullus and Ulpia Gordiana (Hdn. 7,5,2; SHA Gord. 2,2; Zon. 12,17 p. 127 D.). After a successful cursus honorum (SHA Gord. 3,5-8; 4,1), he became suffect consul, probably under Elagabalus. In 216, he was governor in Britannia inferior (RIB 1, 1049), soon after in Achaea [2. 181ff.], perhaps also in Syria. In 237, he was allotted the proconsulate of the province of Africa [5; 6. 89f. N. 21]. In Thysdrus (modern El Djem, Tunesia…

[German version] M. was a Moor placed in charge of the grain supply in Egypt In the reign of Gallienus. Apparently he planned a coup. He was killed by soldiers on the orders of Theodotus ca. 262 AD, without having been proclaimed emperor (Zos. 1,38,1; Petrus Patricius, Excerpta de sententiis, p. 264 No. 160 Boissevain). PIR2 M 490. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

(Greek Ὀδαίναθος, Odaínathos). [German version] [1] Murderer of Septimius O. [2] O. murdered the ruler of Palmyra, Septimius O. [2], probably in the spring of AD 267, when the latter was travelling through Cappadocia to Heraclea [7] Pontica to expel the Goths from Asia Minor. O. himself was then killed by the guards of his victim (Sync. 717). However, this is contradicted by other sources that name a consobrinus,Maeonius (SHA Tyr. Trig. 15,5; 17,1), or the nephew of the Palmyrenian prince as the murderer (Zon. 12,24 D.). According to Zosimus (1,39,2), the deed w…

[German version] D. S. Proculus Iulianus, senator, homo novus with a career under 7 emperors, probably from Italy, property in the Po Valley and a villa in Rome. S. was c. AD 234-235 iuridicus per Transpadum, in 236 governor of Thrace (IGR I 691-693), 237-238 legatus Augusti pro praetore provinciae Arabiae (CIL III 14149, 33; AE 1904, 67) and in 238 probably cos. suff. [1. 66; 2. 232]; governor, perhaps of Pannonia inferior c. 238/9-240, then of the Tres Daciae 241-243 (CIL III 1573; VI 1520 = ILS 1189; [3. 206 f.]); 244-245 leg. Aug. pro praetore provinciae Syriae Coeles (CIL VI 1520 =…

[German version] Imperator Caesar Ulp(ius) Cor(nelius) Laelianus (RIC V 2, 373 no. 8; [1. 66 no. 6]). Probably commander of the legio XXII Primigenia in Mogontiacum (Mainz) or governor of the province of Germania superior, rebelled early in AD 269 against Postumus and was proclaimed Augustus. Shortly afterwards Postumus defeated and killed him (Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,8; Eutr. 9,9; Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 152 FHG, here incorrectly ‘Lollianus’); according to another tradition (SHA Tyr. Trig. 4; 5; 6,3; 8,1), L. was murdered by Victorinus or by his own soldiers. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bib…

[German version] Imp. Caesar P. C[...] R. Augustus (RIC V/2, 586 f.; [1]). Governor in Illyricum, probably of Dacian descent. In AD 260, after the overthrow of Ingenuus [1] by Aureolus at Mursa, he was proclaimed anti-emperor to Gallienus by the Danube troops (SHA Tyr. Trig. 10,1; Ps.-Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 32,3; Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,2; Pol. Silv. Chronica minora 1,521,45). He fought the Sarmatae, who had already been threatening the lower Danube provinces for some time (SHA Tyr. Trig. 10,2). A sho…

[English version] Imp. Caes. P. Licinius Egnatius G. Augustus, geboren um 218 n.Chr. bei Mailand ([Aur. Vict.] epit. Caes. 33,3), Sohn des späteren Kaisers P. Licinius Valerianus und der Egnatia Mariniana. Valerianus, der sich im Sept./Okt. 253 selbst zum Kaiser ausrufen ließ, ernannte G. sofort zum Caesar, dann zum Augustus und ließ sich dies mit einer territorialen Aufgabenteilung vom Senat bestätigen: Valerian ging in den Osten, um der Persergefahr zu begegnen, G. in den Westen, um die Donau- u…

[English version] Der Maure M. war unter Gallienus mit der Getreidebeschaffung in Äg. beauftragt und plante offenbar einen Umsturz. Auf Befehl des Theodotus wurde er um 262 n.Chr. von den Soldaten getötet, ohne zum Imperator ausgerufen worden zu sein (Zos. 1,38,1; Petros Patrikios, Excerpta de sententiis, p. 264 Nr. 160 Boissevain). PIR2 M 490. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

[English version] [1] Imp. Caes. M. Antonius G. Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Aug. Augustus in Karthago 238 n. Chr. (G.I.), geb. um 159 n.Chr. als Sohn des Maecius Marullus und der Ulpia Gordiana (Herodian. 7,5,2; SHA Gord. 2,2; Zon. 12,17 p. 127 D.). Nach einem erfolgreichen cursus honorum (SHA Gord. 3,5-8; 4,1), gelangte er - wohl unter Elagabal - zum Suffektkonsulat. 216 war er Statthalter in Britannia inferior (RIB 1, 1049), kurz darauf in Achaia [2. 181ff.], vielleicht auch in Syria. 237 fiel ihm per Los das Prokonsulat der Provinz Africa zu [5; 6. 89f. …

[English version] [1] Röm. Militärführer für Britannien, 193/4 n. Chr. Septimius Severus beauftragte H. 193/4 n.Chr. damit, ihm die Herrschaft über Britannien zu sichern (SHA Sept. Sev. 6,10; SHA Pescennius 5,2 wird fälschlich Bithynia genannt) und möglicherweise dem Clodius Albinus den Caesar-Titel anzubieten. (Cass. Dio 73,15,1; Herodian. 2,15,4). Vielleicht ist er identisch mit dem legatus der legio VI Ferrata H. aus dem Jahre 196 (PIR2 H 89; IGR 3,1107) bzw. mit H. [2] (PIR2 H 88). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [English version] [2] procurator 201 n. Chr. Bekleidete 201 n.Chr. das …

[English version] P. Helvius P., röm. Kaiser 31.12.192-28.3. 193. Geb. am 1.8.126 n.Chr. im ligurischen Alba Pompeia (SHA Pert. 1,2; 15,6; Cass. Dio 73,3,1), Sohn eines Freigelassenen. Zunächst zum grammaticus ausgebildet, bewarb er sich mit Hilfe des L. Hedius Lollianus [4] Avitus um eine Centurionenstelle (SHA Pert. 1,5; (Ps.-)Aur. Vict. epit. Caes. 18). Mit Unterstützung des Claudius [II 54] Pompeianus erhielt er den Rang eines eques ( equites Romani D.), der ihm die ritterliche Laufbahn ermöglichte. Um 160 n.Chr., noch unter Antoninus [1] Pius, diente er als praefectus coho…

[English version] P. Marciana stammte aus Africa (Leptis Magna?); sie war seit ca. 175 n.Chr. die erste Frau des Septimius Severus (SHA Sept. Sev. 3,2) und starb um 185 n.Chr. ([1. Nr. 410, 411]; CIL VIII 19494 = ILS 440). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography 1 J.M. Reynolds (ed.), The Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitana, 1952. A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus, 21988, 52; 75; 225  PIR2 P 20  Raepsaet-Charlier, 590.

[German version] [1] Daughter of Ti. Sempronius [I 15] Gracchus, 2nd cent. BC Daughter of Ti. Sempronius [I 15] Gracchus and Cornelia [I 1] (Plut., Ti. Gracchus 1,3), from 150 BC in a childless marriage with P. Cornelius [I 70] Scipio Aemilianus, for whose death in 129 BC she is supposed to have been partly to blame (App. B Civ. 1,20 (83); Liv. Per. 59). Despite the threatening demeanour of the people, in 102 or 101 BC she refused to acknowledge L. Equitius [1] as her nephew (Val. Max. 3,8,6). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1994, 48-50. …

[German version] [1] Emperor, 3rd cent. AD Imp. Caes. M.O. (Antoninus) Diadumenianus, son of the emperor M.O. Macrinus, born on 14 or 19 September 208 AD (Cass. Dio 78,34,2; SHA Diad. 5,5). At the beginning of 217 he was given the title of clarissimus puer (CIL XV 7505), shortly afterwards he was also princeps iuventutis and nobilissimus Caesar (Cass. Dio 78,17,1; 19,1; Herodian. 5,4,12; Aur. Vict. Caes. 22,1; AE 1953,54; 1954,8; 1960,36; RIC IV, 2,22). In May 218, after the beginning of the mutiny of troops in Raphanaea in Syria, Macrinus made him Au…

[German version] C. Valens H. Messius Quintus was the younger son of emperor  Decius [II 1] and Herennia Etruscilla. In September AD 250, he was named Caesar and Princeps Iuventutis (AE 1942/43, 55; ILS 518) and, after the death of his father in June 251, adopted by  Trebonianus Gallus and raised to Augustus (Zos. 1,25,1; RIC 4,3, 143ff.), probably to distract from the complicity of Trebonianus in the deaths of his father and brother. Shortly after, he died in Rome of the plague (Aur. Vict. Caes. 30,1; [Aur. Vict.] epit. Ca…

[German version] The fictitious author Trebellius Pollio uses the term triginta tyranni (TT) in the Historia Augusta to refer to 32 usurpers from all parts of the empire supposedly in the period of the emperors Valerianus [2] and Gallienus (253-268) in order to expose their rule as particularly week and bad. He increased the number that was first planned to be 20 (SHA Gall. 21,1) to 30 as an allusion to the Athenian Thirty Tyrants ( triákonta ) (SHA Trig. tyr. 2-31), among them esp. derisively (31,7) two women, Zenobia from Palmyra (30) and Victoria in…

[German version] Term applied to a group of Roman rulers whose feature in common was the fact that they came from Illyrian territory, more broadly the area between the Adriatic and the lower Danube. The sequence already begins with  Decius [II 1] (AD 249-251) but essentially includes the emperors  Claudius [III 2] Gothicus,  Aurelianus [2],  Probus,  Diocletianus,  Maximianus, and  Constantinus [1] I. Even in antiquity these rulers were credited with having little education but they were acknowled…

[German version] Imp. Caes. C. Vibius T. Gallus Augustus (CIL XI 1927), Roman emperor from June AD 251 to August (?) AD 253. Born about 206 in Perusia, from a noble family (Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 31,1), Senator, cos. suff. c. AD 245 (Dexippus FGrH 100 F 22), governor of the province of Moesia inferior AD 250/1 [1. 103 f.]. At Novae[1], he successfully opposed the Goths (Goti) under their king Kniva (Iord. Get. 101 f.). Emperor Decius [II 1] escaped to him after being defeated by the Goths at Beroea[2]. Together they intended to cut off the Germans'…

[German version] P. Helvius P., Roman Emperor 31 Dec. 192-28 Mar. 193. Born 1 Aug. AD 126 in Alba Pompeia in Liguria (SHA Pert. 1,2; 15,6; Cass. Dio 73,3,1), son of a freedman. After being educated as a grammaticus , he applied for a position as centurio with the assistance of L. Hedius Lollianus [4] Avitus (SHA Pert. 1,5; (Ps.-)Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 18). He received the rank of an eques ( equites Romani D) with the support of Claudius [II 54] Pompeianus, which allowed him to pursue an equestrian career. Around AD 160, still in the reign of Antoninus [1] Pius, he served as praefectus cohortis …

[German version] Imperator Caesar M. Opellius Severus M. Augustus. Roman Emperor AD 217-218. Born in 164 (Cass. Dio 78,40,3) or 166 (Chron. pasch. I p. 498 D.) in Caesarea Mauretania, of humble origins (Cass. Dio 78,11,1; SHA Opilius Macrinus (= Macr.) 2,1). M. initially worked as a lawyer, then as procurator of the praef. praet. Fulvius [II 10] Plautianus, whose deposal he survived unharmed thanks to the intervention of L. Fabius [II 6] Cilo (Cass. Dio 78,11,2). Septimius Severus appointed him praefectus vehiculorum per Flaminiam (Cass. Dio 78,11,3), and in c. 208 keeper of the impe…

[German version] Imperator Caesar T. Fulvius Iunius Q. Pius Felix Augustus, younger son of Fulvius Macrianus [2], who served as a military tribune under Valerianus [2] (SHA Trig. Tyr. 12,10; Zon. 12,24 D.). Elevated together with his brother to Augustus by his father before 17 September, AD 260 (RIC 5,2,582 f.; SHA Gall. 1,3-5; SHA Tyr. Trig. 12,10-12), he stayed behind in the east with the praetorian prefect Ballista. After the defeat of his father and brother by Aureolus in Illyria, Q. was also captured in Emesa by its inhabitants in the autumn of AD 261 and killed there. Franke, Thomas (Bo…

[German version] Murdered the Palmyrene prince Odaenathus and his eldest son Herod in Emesa in AD 266/7 (SHA Tyr. Trig. 15,5; 17,1; SHA Gall. 13,1; different in Sync. I p. 717; Zon. 12,24 D.; Zos. 1,39,2). PIR2 M 71. Franke, Thomas (Bochum)

[German version] Iulia Cornelia S., wife of the emperor Gallienus, elevated to Augusta and mater castrorum in AD 254 (IGR 3, 237; AE 1982, 272; RIC V 1, 63; 105; 107-115; 191-200), perished together with her husband in AD 268 outside of Mediolanum [1] (Zon. 12,25). Her three sons were P. Licinius Cornelius Valerianus, P. Licinius [II 6] Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus and Marinianus [3]. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2, 222 f.  PIR2 C 1499  PLRE 1, 799.

[German version] A powerful praefectus praetorio under the emperor Commodus. Sex.(?) T. Perennis had probably already reached the high rank of praefectus [4] annonae under Marcus [2] Aurelius (his name erased in the Tabula Banasitana ; AE 1971, 534) and was then appointed praefectus praetorio by Commodus along with Tarrutenius Paternus (SHA Comm. 4,7; 14,8; inaccurate in Hdn. 1,8,1); he and the latter disposed of Saoterus, Commodus' influential chamberlain (SHA Comm. 4,5). Shortly afterwards, T. brought about the execution of Paternus (Ca…

[English version] [1] Sab(inius?) M. Statthalter der Prov. Moesia Inferior im J. 241 n.Chr., belegt durch Mz. der Stadt Nikopolis [1. 504-518 Nr. 2040-2107]. Dementsprechend muß er vorher den Suffektkonsulat bekleidet haben. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography 1 F. Imhoof-Blumer (Hrsg.), Die ant. Mz. Nord-Griechenlands, Bd. 1, 1898. PIR S 2  A. Stein, Die Legaten von Moesien, 1940, 100f. [English version] [2] Flavius Domitius M. Praefectus praetorio Orientis, 369/370 bis 378 (?) n.Chr. Praefectus praetorio Orientis 369/370 bis 378 (?) n.Chr. Aus Arabien stammend, b…

(Ἡρωδιανός). [English version] [1] Ailios H. griech. Grammatiker, 2. Jh. (Αἴλιος Ἡρωδιανός), aus Alexandreia, einer der bedeutendsten griech. Grammatiker, lebte im 2. Jh. n.Chr.; Sohn des Apollonios [11] Dyskolos und dessen würdiger Schüler und Nachfolger. Eine Zeit lang hielt er sich in Rom auf und widmete Kaiser Marc Aurel (161-180) sein Hauptwerk, die Καθολική προσῳδία ( Katholikḗ prosōdía). Zu Recht sieht man in ihm zwar keinen brillanten, jedoch einen sorgfältigen und genauen Grammatiker, den großen Erben und Systematiker der alexandrinischen Tr…

[English version] [1] Flavius Ph. Praef. praetorio orientis, 4. Jh. n. Chr. Praefectus praetorio orientis 344/346-351 n.Chr. Er stammte wahrscheinlich aus einer Curialenfamilie ( curiales [2]; trotz Lib. or. 42,24-25), evtl. aus Chytros auf Kypros (IEph 1a, 41). Über das Notariat und verm. weitere Posten am Hof stieg Ph., ein arianischer Christ (Arianismus), zwischen dem Sommer 344 und dem 28.7.346 zur Praetorianerpraefektur des Ostens auf (Lib. or. 62,11; Cod. Theod. 11,22,1). Ph., der 348 außerdem cos. ord. war, gehörte zu den engsten Vertrauten des Constantius [2] II…

(πολίαρχος). [English version] [1] Oberbeamter in thessalischen Städten (3. Jh. v. Chr.) (“Oberbeamter der Stadt”). Im 3. Jh. v. Chr. gab es in den Städten Thessaliens ein Kollegium von fünf políarchoi, vgl. IG IX 2,459 (Krannon); IG IX 2,1233 (Larisa [1]). Wie die Etym. nahelegt, umfaßte ihr Aufgabenbereich wohl mil. und zivile Belange der Polis. Die Abgrenzung gegenüber dem ebenfalls städtischen Kollegium der tágoi ist unklar (siehe [2]). Der archipolíarchos hatte den Vorsitz inne (IG IX 2,1233). Tagos; Thessaloi, Thessalia Beck, Hans (Köln) Bibliography 1 B. Helly, L'état Th…

[English version] [1] Statthalter von Pannonien und Moesien, 260 n. Chr. gegen Gallienus zum Kaiser ausgerufen Statthalter von Pannonien und Moesien, wurde 260 n.Chr. von den moesischen Legionen gegen Gallienus zum Kaiser ausgerufen, nachdem Valerianus in persische Gefangenschaft geraten war und die Sarmaten mit einem Einfall drohten (SHA trig. tyr. 9,1; Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,2; Zon. 12,24, p. 143 D). Der Reiterführer des Gallienus, Aureolus, besiegte ihn bei Mursa in der Nähe von Sirmium; auf der Flucht verlor I…

[English version] [1] M.M.Avitus Catonius Vindex Cos. suff. ca. 175 n.Chr. Sohn von M. [4]. Begann seine Laufbahn als Ritter mit den quattuor militiae, wobei er 169 n.Chr. von Marcus [2] Aurelius dona militaria erhielt. Procurator von Dacia Malvensis. Aufnahme in den Senat, Legat von Moesia superior, vielleicht als Praetorier; Suffektconsul wohl 175; consularer Statthalter von Moesia inferior vor dem J. 177. Mit 42 J. gest., verm. während seiner Statthalterschaft in Moesia inferior (CIL VI 1449 = ILS 1107). PIR2 M 22. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [2] C.M. Decianus Statthal…

[English version] [1] Rex von Alamannen am Main-Neckar, 4. Jh. n.Chr. Rex von Alamannen am Main-Neckar, wo er sich 359 n.Chr. Iulianus [11] unterwarf (Amm. 18,2,15-18). Valentinianus I. mobilisierte 370 ein Burgunderheer (Amm. 28,5,8-13) gegen den inzwischen erstarkten M., der sich aber der Gefangennahme 372 durch Flucht entzog. Der vom Kaiser eingesetzte rex Fraomarius hielt sich nicht lange (Amm. 29,4,2-7; 30,7,11). 374 schloß der Kaiser ein foedus (Amm. 30,3,3-7) mit dem fortan loyalen M. Ca. 380 kam er beim Angriff auf die Franken unter Mallobaudes um. Kehne, Peter (Hannover) B…

[German version] [1] Follower of Septimius Severus N. was a schoolteacher in Rome who, as a senator on commission from  Septimius Severus pretended to raise for him an army in Gaul. In fact he achieved considerable success in battle against the troops of  Clodius [II 1] Albinus. N. allegedly seized 70 million sesterces for Severus, after whose victory in AD 97 N. renounced all his privileges and was content with only a small maintenance pension (Cass. Dio 75,5). PIR2 N 198. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [German version] [2] Imp. Caes. M. Aurelius Numerius N. Augustus 3rd cent. AD emperor Roman e…

[German version] [1] Governor of Britannia Superior, 3rd cent. AD V. was governor of the province of Britannia Superior (Zos. 1,66,2; Zon. 12,29 D.) and may be identical with Pomponius Victori(a)nus, cos. ord. and praefectus urbi in AD 282 (Chron. Min. 1,66 Mommsen). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Birley, 180 f.  PIR2 P 762  PLRE 1, 962, nr. 3 and 963, nr. 2. [German version] [2] Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius V. Invictus Augustus Emperor of Imperium Galliarum from the end of AD 269 to the spring of 271 (RIC 5,2, 379-398; CIL XIII 9040), son of Victoria, from ri…

[German version] [1] (P.?) Cornelius T. Latin historiographer, c. AD 55- c. 120 Latin historiographer, c. AD 55 - c. AD 120. Flaig, Egon (Göttingen) [German version] I. Life (Publius?) Cornelius T. came from Gaul, and had a successful senatorial career under the Flavian emperors (70-96). He was a praetor in 88, consul in 97, proconsul in the province of Asia in 112 (OGIS 487 Mylasa). After the murder of Domitian in 96, controversies emerged as to how senators should relate to an emperor. T. replied to this issue initially with the Agricola, later with his two great works of historiography, the H…

[German version] [1] Rex of the Alamanni in the Main-Neckar region, 4th cent. AD Rex of the Alamanni in the Main-Neckar region, where he surrendered to lulianus [11] in AD 359 (Amm. Marc. 18,2,15-18). In 370, Valentinianus [1] mobilized a Burgundian army (Amm. Marc. 28,5,8-13) against M., who had by then become more powerful. However, M. avoided capture in 372 by fleeing. Rex Fraomarius, appointed by the emperor to replace M., could not sustain his position for long (Amm. Marc. 29,4,2-7; 30,7,11). In 374, the emperor entered into a foedus (Amm. Marc. 30,3,3-7) …

[German version] [1] Sab(inius?) M. Governor of the province of  Moesia inferior in AD 241, documented by coins of the city of Nicopolis [1. 504-518 nos. 2040-2107]. Accordingly he must previously have held the office of suffect consul. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography 1 F. Imhoof-Blumer (ed.), Die antiken Münzen Nord-Griechenlands, vol. 1, 1898. PIR S 2  A. Stein, Die Legaten von Moesien, 1940, 100f. [German version] [2] Flavius Domitius M. Praefectus praetorio Orientis, from 369/370 to 378 (?) AD. Praefectus praetorio Orientis from AD 369/370 to 378 (?). Originally f…

[German version] [1] Governor of Pannonia and Moesia, proclaimed emperor rather than Gallienus in 260 AD Governor of Pannonia and Moesia, proclaimed emperor rather than  Gallienus in AD 260 by the Moesian legions after  Valerianus was captured by the Persians and the Sarmatians threatened to invade (S HA Tyr. Trig. 9,1; Aur. Vict. Caes. 33,2; Zon. 12,24, p. 143 D). Gallienus' cavalry leader  Aureolus defeated him at Mursa near Sirmium. I. lost his life while fleeing (Zon. loc. cit..; Aur. Vict. Caes. 32,2; Eutr. 9,8,1; Oros. 7,22,10; Chron. min. 1, 521,45 Mommsen). Franke, Thomas (Boch…

[German version] [1] M. M. Avitus Catonius Vindex Cos. suff. c. AD 175 Son of M. [4]. Began his career as an equestrian with the quattuor militiae, receiving the dona militaria from Marcus [2] Aurelius in AD 169. Procurator of Dacia Malvensis. Entered the Senate, legate of Moesia superior, perhaps as praetorian; suffect consul probably in 175; consular governor of Moesia inferior before the year 177. Died at the age of 42, probably during his governorship of Moesia inferior (CIL VI 1449 = ILS 1107). PIR2 M 22. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. M. Decianus Governor of Numidia…

[English version] [1] Anhänger des Septimius Severus N. war Schullehrer in Rom und gab vor, als Senator im Auftrag des Septimius Severus in Gallien ein Heer für diesen aufzustellen. Tatsächlich gelangen ihm beträchtliche Erfolge im Kampf gegen die Truppen des Clodius [II 1] Albinus; N. erbeutete angeblich 70 Millionen Sesterzen für Severus. Nach dessen Sieg im J. 197 n.Chr. lehnte N. alle Vergünstigungen ab und begnügte sich lediglich mit einer kleinen Versorgungsrente (Cass. Dio 75,5). PIR2 N 198. Franke, Thomas (Bochum) [English version] [2] Imp. Caes. M. Aurelius Numerius …

(πολίαρχος/ políarchos). [German version] [1] Senior official in Thessalian cities (3rd cent. BC) ('High city official'). In the 3rd cent. BC, the cities of Thessaly had councils of five políarchoi, cf. IG IX 2,459 (Crannon); IG IX 2,1233 (Larisa [1]). The etymology suggests that their duties probably encompassed the military and civil interests of the polis. The division of powers with the other city council, the tagoí, is unclear (cf. [2]). The archipolíarchos served as chair (IG IX 2,1233). Tagos; Thessalians, Thessalia Beck, Hans (Cologne) Bibliography 1 B. Helly, L'état Thess…