Search

(Ἀετός). [English version] [1] Alexanderpriester 253/2 v. Chr. Aus Aspendos, Sohn des Apollonios, Vater des Thraseas. Ptolemäischer Stratege Kilikiens und Gründer von Arsinoe [III 3] (zw. 279 und 253 v. Chr.), Alexanderpriester 253/2, als eponymer Offizier belegt 245/4 und 242/1. PP 2, 1828; 3/9 4988; [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [English version] [2] Alexanderpriester 197/6 v. Chr. Enkel des A. [1], Alexanderpriester 197/6 v. Chr. Ehrung auf Kos: Bull. 1994, 451. PP 3/9 4988a; [1. 344]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography C. Habicht, A Hellenistic inscription from Arsinoe…

[English version] (Φομμοῦς) war als syngenḗs (“Verwandter des Königs”) und epistratēgós (Hoftitel B. 2.) der Thebais von ca. Aug./Sept. 115 v.Chr. bis mindestens Febr. 110 Vorgänger des Platon [3]; in OGIS 168,26f. wird er vom König als adelphós (“Bruder”) bezeichnet. Ph., wohl aus dem Delta, war Ägypter; vielleicht kann seine Laufbahn als Beispiel dafür dienen, daß Kleopatra [II 6] III. einheimische Unterstützung suchte. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography E. van't Dack u.a., The Judaean-Syrian-Egyptian Conflict of 103-1 B.C., 1989, 73; 108.

[English version] Sohn des Pachom; ca. 50/30 v.Chr. syngenḗs und stratēgós (Hoftitel B. 2.) in verschiedenen äg. Gauen. P. bekleidete neben seinen staatl. Ämtern eine Reihe von indigenen Priesterämtern, die schon von seinem Vater im Titel geführt wurden. PP III 5688; VIII 292 b. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 121f. Nr. 0128.

[English version] (Ἴδιος λόγος). Der I.L. wurde unter Ptolemaios VI. als “Sonderkonto” eingerichtet (zuerst belegt am 5.1.162 v.Chr., [1]). Eingezahlt wurden nahezu alle Einnahmen aus dem Verkauf von Staatseigentum, v.a. verlassener oder eingezogener Ländereien (ἀδέσποτα, γῆ ἐν ὑπολόγῳ / adéspota, gē en hypológōi); spätestens im 1. Jh. v.Chr. gab es ein Amt πρὸς τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ ( pros tōi idíōi lógōi), das für die Verwaltung des zu Gunsten des I.L. konfiszierten Landes und dessen Weiterverkauf zuständig war (Kontoführung wie Verwaltung gehörten früher zum βασιλικόν ( basilikón, “…

[English version] (Αριστόλαος). Sohn des Ameinias, weiht eine Statue Ptolemaios' II. in Olympia. Stratege Kariens zw. 270 und 259 v. Chr., Inhaber einer Dorea (PP 6, 15036). Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[English version] aus Megalopolis, Vater des kyprischen Strategen Ptolemaios (PP 6,14778), selbst ptolem. stratēgós epí Karíās (στρατηγὸς ἐπὶ Καρίας) unter Ptolemaios III., war auch für Samos zuständig; 225/4 v.Chr. als eponymer Offizier einer Militäreinheit belegt. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K.Hallof, Ch. Mileta, Samos und Ptolemaios III., in: Chiron 27, 1997, 255-283, bes. 268ff.

[English version] (Βάκχων). Sohn des Niketas, aus Boiotien, um 286 v.Chr. ptolemäischer Nesiarch des Nesiotenbundes, im Amt bis nach 280 (PP 6, 15038). Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R.S. Bagnall, The administration of the Ptolemaic possessions outside Epypt, 1976, 136ff.

(μεριδάρχης). [English version] [1] Ptolem. Verwaltungsbeamter seit mind. 260 v.Chr. Ptolem. Verwaltungsbeamter. Der äg. Gau ( nomós ) Arsinoites war in drei merídes (“Teile”) eingeteilt, die wiederum aus tópoi bestanden; die Einteilung ist seit mind. 260/259 v.Chr. belegt [1. 5]. Der m. stand den merídes und damit deren Toparchen vor; der Titel ist seit dem E. des 2. Jh. v.Chr. belegt (PTebtunis I 66), aber vielleicht geht die Benennung der merídes (Ἡρακλείδου, Θεμίστου, Πολέμωνος) auf die ersten m. zurück; die letzten m. sind für das 3. Jh. n.Chr. belegt (Liste der ptol. m.: PP…

(Περιγένης). [English version] [1] Politiker hell. Zeit Sohn des Leontiskos, aus Alexandreia, próxenos ( proxenía ) von Siphnos (IG XII Suppl. p. 111) ca. 278/270 v.Chr., verm. Vater des P. [2]. Ein P. aus Samos wird 264 als próxenos von Olus geehrt, doch ist die Identifikation eher unwahrscheinlich [1. 196 Anm. 2]. PP VI 14941. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 Robert, OMS 1. R.S. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions outside Egypt, 1976, 146. [English version] [2] Ptol. Flottenkommandant Sohn des P. [1], vielleicht Vater der Iamnea (PP III/IX 515…

[English version] (οἱ Πτολεμαϊκοὶ δυναστεῖς/ hoi Ptolemaïkoí dynasteís, Strab. 2,5,12). Hell. Dyn., die sich nach dem Tod des Alexandros [4] d.Gr. in Ägypten etablierte und dort bis zur Errichtung der röm. Prov. durch Augustus herrschte; nach ihrem Gründer, Ptolemaios [1] I., als “P.” oder nach dessen Vater Lagos [1] als “Lagiden” (Λαγίδαι) bezeichnet. Die Ambitionen gerade der ersten P. waren nicht auf Äg. beschränkt, sondern galten dem ganzen Alexanderreich (vgl. Ptolemaios [6] III.; Hellenistische Staatenwelt) und weiten Teilen der Ägäis (Aige…

[English version] Vater des Petimuthes, hoher Beamter in Semabehdet (17. unteräg. Gau). Ps.' Sohn war General Kleopatras [II 6] III. bei der Einnahme von Ptolemais/ Akko im J. 103/2 v. Chr. und wurde vielleicht später in der Thebais eingesetzt. Die Aufzählung der zahlreichen von Petimuthes und gleicherweise von Ps. ausgeübten polit., mil. und rel. Funktionen [1] ist beispielhaft für das im 2. Jh. v. Chr. erheblich gewachsene Selbstbewußtsein äg. Amtsträger in ptolem. Diensten. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 J. Quaegebeur, Inscriptions in: E. van't Dack u. a. (Hrsg.), …

[English version] (oder evtl. Rufinus, vgl. [1. 163 f.4]). Sohn eines Freigelassenen Caesars (vgl. [2. I 56]), den dieser 47 v. Chr. als Kommandanten von drei Legionen in Alexandreia [1] zurückließ. Die Charakterisierung als Caesars “Liebling” ( exoletus: Suet. Iul. 76,3) ist wohl polemisch. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography 1 P. Graindor, La Guerre d'Alexandrie, 1931 2 H. Solin, Die stadtröm. Sklavennamen, 1996. G. Geraci, Genesi della provincia romana d'Egitto, 1983, 26 f.

[English version] (Λυσάνδρα). Tochter Ptolemaios' I. und der Eurydike [4], Schwester des Ptolemaios Keraunos. Sie heiratete wohl erst nach 297/6 v.Chr. Alexandros, den Sohn des Kassandros (FGrH 260 F 3,5). Nach dessen Tod 294/3 wurde sie von Agathokles [5], dem Sohn des Lysimachos [2], geheiratet (Plut. Demetrios 31,5; Paus. 1,9,6 gehen wohl fälschlich von 299 als Datum aus, was eine Aufspaltung in zwei Personen nötig machte, PP VI 14529 und 14530; die Formulierung bei Plutarch spricht jedoch gege…

[English version] [1] s. Nesysti [3] s. Nesysti [3] Ameling, Walter (Jena) [English version] [2] Hoherpriester des Ptah in Memphis, gest. 103 v. Chr. Sohn des Petobastis [2], Vater des Petobastis [3], Hoherpriester des Ptah (Phthas) zu Memphis. Ps. heiratete ca. 122 v. Chr. eine - evtl. mit der herrschenden Dyn. der Ptolemaier verwandte - Berenike; er starb 103. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography W. Huß, Die Herkunft der Kleopatra Philopator, in: Aegyptus 70, 1990, 191-203, hier: 199 f.  E. A. E. Reymond, From the Records of a Priestly Family from Memphis, 1981, 116 f. Nr. 16  J. Quaegebe…

(Οφέλλας). [English version] [1] Beamter in hell. Zeit O. aus Olynthos, verm. Untergebener des Kleomenes [7] in der Verwaltung Ägyptens ( epimelētḗs in Athribis; s. epimelētaí ), der die ihm untergebenen nomárchai erpreßt haben soll ([Aristot.] 1353a 5ff.). Agathokles [2] Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 599. [English version] [2] Freund und Beamter Alexandros' [4] d.Gr. Sohn des Silenos, Makedone aus Pella, ein phílos Alexandros' [4] d.Gr. und sein (liturgischer) Trierarch (Trierarchie) auf dem Hyd…

[English version] (auch Hierax genannt). Sohn des Pachom (PP VIII 300b), Vater des Pamenches, ca. 50/30 v.Chr. als syngenḗs und stratēgós in verschiedenen äg. Gauen belegt. P. bekleidete neben seinen staatl. Ämtern eine Reihe von indigenen Priesterämtern, die später auch von seinem Sohn im Titel geführt wurden. PP I/VIII 265; 301. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 119f. Nr. 0127.

[English version] [1] s. Nesysti [2] s. Nesysti [2] Ameling, Walter (Jena) [English version] [2] Äg. Priester Ende 3./Anf. 2. Jh. v. Chr. Sohn des Nesysti [3], Hoher Priester des Ptah (Phthas) zu Memphis E. 3./Anf. 2. Jh.v.Chr.; Vater von Psenptah [2], Großvater von P. [3]. Phthas; Memphis Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography J. Quaegebeur, in: D. J. Crawford et al., Stud. on Ptolemaic Memphis, 1980, 68 Nr. 21  D. Devauchelle, Rez. zu E.A.E. Reymond, From the Records of a Priestly Family from Memphis, in: Chronique d'Égypte 58, 1983, 135-145, bes. 142f. [English version] [3] Äg. Priest…

[English version] (Κλεαινέτη). Tochter des Numenios, Schwester der Agathokleia [3], 166/5 v.Chr. Priesterin der Arsinoë [II 4] Philopator. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography Chr. Habicht, Athen in hell. Zeit, 1994, 109.

[English version] [1] Hoherpriester des Ptah in Memphis, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Ca. 80-35 v. Chr., Vater des Ps. [2], war vor 50/49 Hoherpriester des Ptah (Phthas) in Memphis, danach hatte er weitere Priesterämter inne. PP III/IX 5375. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [English version] [2] Letzter Hoherpriester des Ptah 28/7 v. Chr. Sohn von Ps. [1], geb. ca. 42 v. Chr., letzter Hoherpriester des Ptah und anderer Götter, empfing die meisten seiner Titel 28/7. P. starb nach 23 v. Chr. PP III/IX 5375 a. Ameling, Walter (Jena)

[English version] (Διδύμη). Ägypt. (äthiopische) Geliebte Ptolemaios' II.; für sie Anth. Pal. 5,210? Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography A. Cameron, Two Mistresses of Ptolemy Philadelphus, in: GRBS 31, 1990, 287  F.M.(Jr.) Snowden, Asclepiades' D., in: GRBS 32, 1991, 239-259.

[English version] Sohn des Paious (?), etablierte sich während des Bürgerkrieges (132-124 v.Chr.) als Gegenpharao und war der letzte Ägypter, der den Titel “Pharao” trug. Wurde vermutlich von der thebanischen Priesterschaft unterstützt; zwischen dem 26. Juni und Nov. 131 v.Chr. wurde in Theben nach ihm datiert, aber schon am 10. Nov. wurde er dort nicht mehr anerkannt. Er flüchtete nach Norden, wo seine Rebellion vor dem 15. Sept. 130 ein Ende fand. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Vandorpe, City of Many a Gate, in: S.P. Vleeming (Hrsg.), Hundred-Gated Thebes, 1995, 203-23…

[English version] (auch Pen-Nout). Sohn des Psenobastis (PP I 344), Vater des Ptolemaios (PP I 322); syngenḗs und stratēgós (s. Hoftitel B. 2.) des äg. Gaus Tentyritis unter Kleopatra [II 12] VII., Priester verschiedener einheimischer Götter, “Verwalter” des Augustus und damit einer der einheimischen Größen, die den Übergang von ptolem. zu röm. Diensten geschafft hatten. PP I/VIII 293. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography L. Mooren, The Aulic Titulature in Ptolemaic Egypt, 1975, 125f. Nr. 0137.

(Θίβρων/ Thíbrōn). [German version] [1] Spartan commander, around 400 BC Spartan, who inaugurated Sparta’s war against the Persians in the autumn of 400 BC, but only had command of a small force (Isoc. Or. 4,144), He had some successes only after he had taken on Cyrus’ [3] former mercenaries (about 5000-6000 men) (Xen. An. 7,6,1; 7,8,24; Xen. Hell. 3,1,4-6; Diod. Sic. 14,36,1-37,4). He then went to Caria on the instructions of the éphoroi (Xen. Hell. 3,1,6-7), but was replaced in Ephesus by Dercylidas and punished in Sparta by being exiled be…

(πράκτωρ/ práktōr, πρακτήρ/ praktḗr: Poll. 8,114, 'executor', 'manager', from práttein, 'do'). [German version] I. Classical Period Greek official of a state executory authority, who, on instruction, recovered state claims, particularly fines. In Athens ten práktores chosen by lot annually were in service. Informed by the authorized court magistrate of penalties imposed, they entered them in the list kept on the Acropolis when state debtors did not pay immediately (IG II2 45; And. 1,77-79; Dem. Or. 25,4; 25,28; 43,71) [1. 270 f.]. An authority of the same name wi…

[German version] [2] L. Pompeius Satyrist and freedman of Pompey Magnus Suet. Gram. 15 reports, aside from several romantic and improbable occurrences from the life of the young L., that he was a freedman of Pompeius Magnus, accompanied him on almost all his campaigns and after his death and the death of his sons (the last one died in 35 BC) earned his living as a school teacher in Rome. He remained so faithful to Pompey that he reacted to criticism of him in Sallustius' Historiae with an acerbissima satura, an extremely stinging satire, calling Sallust a monster both in his life an…

(Ἡγέλοχος; Hēgélochos). [German version] [1] Fleet officer under Alexander the Great, 4th cent. BC Son of Hippostratus, officer under  Alexander [4]. Initially commander of the vanguard cavalry, he was commissioned to form a Macedonian fleet from ships collected from Greek cities in the summer of 333 BC (Arr. Anab. 2,2,3; inexact Curt. 3,1,19f.; Amphoterus was his subordinate, not his colleague). After the death of  Memnon his fleet dominated the Hellespont, where he i.a. stopped an Athenian grain fleet (Ps.-…

(ξένοι/ xénoi). 'Alien', i.e. free-born person not belonging to the Greek citizenship structure, who voluntarily stayed in a place and enjoyed certain rights there. Non-free aliens (slaves, prisoners of war) were not members of the group of xenoi, which was primarily defined in terms of rights. [German version] I. Classical Greece The term xenoi generally describes large groups of free-born people, staying permanently or temporarily in a particular community, without being citizens of it (Thuc. 2,31,1; 2,36,4; 6,30,2; Aristot. Pol. 1300b 31 f.), often used in contrast to ἀστοί/ ast…

(κληροῦχοι; klēroûchoi, proprietors of a klêros , of a ‘land allotment’). I. Athens [German version] A. 5th cent. BC Apart from its metaphorical meaning in Sophocles (Soph. Aj. 508: ‘having a certain fate’) first mentioned in literature by Herodotus (5,77,2) as a designation of 400 Athenians, who received fields in Chalcis [1] after the Athenian victory over the Chalcidians in 506/505 BC. The number is probably exaggerated, and cannot be corrected from Aelianus (Var. 6,1), who reports that 2,000 Athenians were settled on lands of the Chalcidian hippobótai . These kleroûchoi had to re…

(Egyptian Ḥrw-m-ḫ.t, ‘Horus in the horizon’). [German version] [1] Name of the great Sphinx Name under which the great  Sphinx of  Gizeh was venerated as the embodiment of the sun god since the beginning of the New Kingdom ( c. 1500 BC). Many votive steles document the popularity of the cult amongst private people as well as kings. Seidlmayer, Stephan Johannes (Berlin) Bibliography J. Assmann, s.v. H., LÄ2, 992-996. [German version] [2] Priest of Ptah of Memphis, about 200 BC Son of Anemhor, father of Nesysti III; high priest of Ptah of Memphis ( c. 260 ─ after 194-193 BC); sometimes i…

(Εἰρήνη; Eirḗnē). The word is perhaps pre-Greek [1; 2]. [German version] [1] Personification and deification of peace Personification and deification of peace (Orph. H. 15,11). E. is one of the  Horae, daughter of Zeus and Themis, sister of Dike and Eunomia (Hes. Theog. 901-902; Pind. Ol. 13,6-8). She is often mentioned in Greek literature as a central figure for the prospering of the political community. Thus, E.'s gifts are praised, for instance, in Bacchyl. fr. 4,61 Snell-Maehler and in Euripides (Bacch. 419-420; TGF 453) while usually being connected, as ‘a giver of wealth’, to ploút…

(Λεοντίσκος; Leontískos). [German version] [1] Olympic winner from Messana of Messana (Sicily). Two times Olympic winner in wrestling (456, 452 BC) [1]. He won his fights (in a similar manner to the pancratiast Sostratus) by breaking fingers (Paus. 6,4,3). His victor's statue in Olympia is by Pythagoras of Rhegium [2]. Decker, Wolfgang (Cologne) Bibliography 1 L. Moretti, Olympionikai, 1957, no. 271, 285 2 H.-V. Herrmann, Die Siegerstatuen von Olympia, in: Nikephoros 1, 1988, 154, no. 40. [German version] [2] Son of Ptolemy I, late 4th cent. BC Son of Ptolemy I and Thais, brother …

(Ἀντιγόνη; Antigónē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Thessalian  Phere Daughter of Thessalian  Phere and mother of the Argonaut Asterion (Hyg. Fab. 14,1). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Daughter of king Eurytion of Phthia Daughter of king Eurytion of Phthia, wife of  Peleus, by whom she has a daughter Polydora (Pherec. FGrH 3 F 61a). Peleus accidentally kills Eurytion and therefore flees to Acastus at Iolcus, who exculpates him. Acastus' wife Astydameia tries in vain to win him for herself and then in reve…

(Ἀνδρόμαχος; Andrómachos). [German version] [1] Possessor of a dorea (middle of the 3rd cent. BC) Documented between 253 and 249 BC in Egypt as possessor of a δωρεά ( dōreá) of 10,000 arourai. ‘Father’ of  Ptolemaeus Andromachou (?) [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Strategos of Syria and Phoenicia (end of 3rd cent. BC) Aspendian, commanded the phalanx in 217 BC at Raphia, later strategos of Syria and Phoenicia. PP 2, 2150. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [3] Ptolemaean official (1st half of 2nd cent. BC) Son of  Eirene, grandson of  Ptolemaeus Agesarchou; c. 197/8…

(Μυρμιδών/ Myrmidṓn, ‘ant’). [German version] [1] Progenitor of the Myrmidones Eponymous progenitor of the Homeric people of the Myrmidones (Hellanikos FHG 1 F 17); son of Eurymedusa, fathered by Zeus in the guise of an ant (Eratosth. In Serv. Aen. 2,7; Clem. Al. Protreptikos 34). With his wife Pisidice, daughter of Aeolus, M. fathered Antiphus and Actor (Apollod. 1,52) as well as the gluttonous Erysichthon (Hellanikos l.c.). Frey, Alexandra (Basle) [German version] [2] Military official under Ptolemy I, 315 BC Athenian, sent in 315 BC by Ptolemy I along with 10,000 soldier…

[German version] [1] Son of Ptolemy I (Ἀργαῖος; Argaîos). Son of Ptolemy I (and of Eurydice?); murdered by Ptolemy II (because of a conspiracy?) after 282 BC. PP 6, 14489. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography C. Habicht, Argaeus, Ptolemy II. and Alexander's corpse, AHB 2,4, 1988, 88-89. [German version] [2] Volcanic massif in Cappadocia (Ἀργαῖος, also Ἀργαῖον ὄρος; Argaîon oros). Erciyes Daǧı, highest volcanic massif in  Cappadocia (3917 m) south of Kayseri. Volcanic peak of the same name (modern Hasan Daǧı) in south-west Cappadocia (3268 m). Strobel, Karl (Klagenfurt) Bibliography…

(Φιλάμμων; Philámmōn). [German version] [1] Singer and lyrist Mythical singer and lyrist of Delphi, a son of Apollo (Pherecydes of Athens FGrH 3 F 120); his mother is variously given as Philonis (ibid.), Chione [2] (Ov. Met. 11,316f.) and Leuconoe [1] (Hyg. Fab. 161). His sons - for whom there are also other genealogical backgrounds - were Thamyris (Eur. Rhes. 916; 925) and Eumolpus (Theoc. 24,108). At Delphi, P. is said to have introduced choirs of virgins (Pherecydes loc. cit.) and choirs within the t…

(Φιλομήτωρ/ Philomḗtōr, lit. 'the mother-lover'). [German version] [1] Cultic sobriquet of Greek rulers Cultic sobriquet of Greek rulers, firstly of Ptolemaeus VI, whose reign began under the regency of his mother. For many of the subsequent kings (e.g. Ptolemaeus VIII, X, XV, Cleopatra [II 12] VII, Antiochus [10] VIII, Demetrius [9] III), the statement of Gutschmid [1. 112] is valid, namely that they ruled at first under the guardianship of their mothers. There are also Egyptian connotations to the name ( Kamutef, 'the bull of his mother' [sc. Isis]), intended to show tha…

(Γανυμήδης; Ganymḗdēs, Etruscan Catmite, Latin apart from G. also Catamitus). [German version] [1] Cupbearer to Zeus In Greek mythology (main source: Hom. Il 20,231-235) the son of the Dardanian king Tros (Iliad parva 29,4 PEG I: son of Laomedon), who as the most beautiful human was abducted to the Olympus to serve Zeus as cupbearer in eternal youth and to delight the gods with his beauty. He is either abducted in a windstorm (H. Hom. 5,202), by  Iris (in art, possibly already in Ibycus PMG Fr. 289), by  Hermes…

(Ἀγαθόκλεια; Agathókleia). [German version] [1] Mistress of Ptolemy II Mistress of Ptolemy II; her historicity is uncertain. PP 6, 14713; [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Mistress of Ptolemy IV Daughter of Agathocles [5] and  Oenanthe, sister of  Agathocles [6]. Mentioned 215 BC in possession of several Nile boats, 213/12 kanephore. Mistress of Ptolemy IV; in 204 took part in the murder of  Arsinoe [II 4] III, entrusted with her mother with the young Ptolemy V (as nursemaid?). Murdered by a mob in 203 at the deposition of her brother. PP 3/9, 4984; 6, 14714; [2]. Ameling, W…

(Ἀραβάρχης; Arabárchēs) [German version] [1] Office in roman Egypt Office in Roman Egypt, attested as from 2nd cent. AD (OGIS 202), but it may have had Ptolemaic models. A college of arabarchai was responsible for levying the import tax in Coptus in the mid 2nd cent. (SB 18,13167, vers. 2,11 ff.). The distribution of tasks is unclear with the παραλήμπτης τῆς Ἐρύθρας θαλάσσης ( paralḗmptēs tês Erýthras thalássēs), however, OGIS 202 indicates the offices were operating in parallel. The arabarches was also responsible for collecting the road taxes on the road from Coptus to …

[German version] [1] From Cyrene, c. 100 BC (Στόλος; Stólos). Son of Theon, probably from Cyrene, later honoured with Athenian citizenship; archedéatros in Cyrene in 108 BC, later admiral of Ptolemaeus [15] IX on Cyprus between 107 and 104. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. S. Bagnall, S. the Admiral, in: Phoenix 26, 1972, 358-368  H. Hauben, Was S. a Cyrenaean?, in: ZPE 25, 1977, 221-226  J. Pouilloux, Salaminiens de Chypre à Delos, in: BCH Suppl. 1, 1973, 406-411. [German version] [2] City This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Στῶλος; Stōlos). Inland cit…

(νομογράφος/ nomográphos, ‘law-writer’) [German version] I. Greece In some Greek cities individual, specially qualified men were entrusted during the archaic period with the task of writing laws for the pólis. This could include writing down the existing legal practice as well as creating new laws. Known nomográphoi are, for example, Zaleucus in Locri Epizephyrii, Charondas in Catane, Draco [2] and later Solon in Athens. At times, but not always, this commission was associated with a regular office of state. Thus, Solon was at the same time an árchōn (Archontes [1]) in Athens but D…

(Ἐχεκράτης; Echekrátēs). [German version] [1] Thessalian condottierre of Ptolemy IV, c. 217 BC Thessalian condottiere of Ptolemy IV, whose training of the army and especially the cavalry significantly contributed to the victory at Raphia in 217 BC. In that battle, he commanded the right wing of the cavalry. An anecdotally coloured representation of the battle is recorded in Diod. Sic. 16,26,6. PP 2, 2161. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Pythagorean from Phleius Pythagorean from Phleius, who together with Phanton, Polymnastos and Diocles, who also came fro…

(Ἱππομέδων; Hippomédōn). [German version] [1] One of the Seven against Thebes One of the  Seven against Thebes, brother or nephew of  Adrastus [1], from Lerna, hero of gigantic size. In Aeschylus (Sept. 486ff.), he stands against Hyperbius at the Oncaean Gate, in Euripides (Phoen. 1113ff.; 119ff.), at the Ogygian Gate and at the head of the army. The motif on his shield is  Typhon or  Argus [II]. Euripides (Suppl. 881ff.) depicts him as a warrior limited to physical power. In Statius, he wins the discus co…

(Μένυλλος; Ményllos). [German version] [1] Military officer in the Lamian War, 322 BC After the Athenian defeat in the Lamian War by Antipater [1] in 322 BC, M. was appointed commander of the Macedonian garrison at the Munychia fortress in Piraeus (Diod. 18,18,5; Plut. Phocion 28,1 and 7). He was on good terms with Phocion who was then in charge of Athenian policy. After the death of Antipater, Cassander replaced M. with Nicanor. Engels, Johannes (Cologne) Bibliography W. S. Ferguson, Hellenistic Athens, 1911, 20. [German version] [2] Envoy of Ptolemy VI to Rome, 163/2 BC In 163/2 BC, M. …

(Ἵππαλος; Híppalos). [German version] [1] Son of Sosus, priest of a royal cult, officer Son of Sosus (?); father of the district commander Theomnestus (PP 1/8, 260; 3/9, 5147) and the athlophore Batra (PP 3/9, 5051). From 185-169 BC, priest of the royal cult in Ptolemais Hermou; documented in 182 and 173 as an eponymous officer; before November 176 (from 185?) ἀρχισωματοφύλαξ ( archisōmatophýlax, ‘arch-bodyguard’) and first stratēgós of the Thebaid (court title dependent on reading of PLond VII 2188, 214); from November 176 until at least May 172 τῶν πρώτων φίλων ( tôn prṓtōn phílōn) and ep…

(Πολεμαῖος/ Polemaîos). [German version] [1] Macedonian commander, c. 300 BC (also called Ptolemaeus and Polemon in MSS, but correctly P ., IG II2 469 and IK 28,2). Son of one P., Macedonian, nephew of Antigonus [1]. P. was probably already an officer in the Macedonian army under Alexander [4] the Great, possibly sōmatophýlax (Court titles B) of Philippus Arridaeus [4] (Arr. Succ. 1,38). In 319, he went to Eumenes [1] as a hostage of Antigonus (Plut. Eumenes 10); in 314 he was sent as general to Cappadocia and to secure the Hellespont (Diod. Sic.…

(Κρόνιος; Krónios). [German version] [1] Platonist Platonist (Syranus, In Aristot. Metaph. 109,11) of the Pythagorizing tendency, mostly called a Pythagorean, (perhaps older) contemporary and friend (Porph. De anthro nympharum 21) of  Numenius, about the mid 2nd cent. AD. As a rule C. is only mentioned with him but frequently before him and generally shares his opinion. C. was read in the school of Plotin (Porph. Vita Pythagorica 14); he composed hypomnemata (ibid., probably no commentaries on whole w…

(Λεύκιος; Leúkios). [German version] [1] Roman in the Ptolemaic army L. (= Lucius), son of Gaius, Roman, Ptolemaic phroúrarchos on Itanus (between 221-209 BC), thus the first Roman known to have had a higher rank in the Ptolemaic army. PP VI 15117. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] L. Charinus Ostensible author of apocryphal Acts of the Apostles Ostensible author of apocryphal Acts of the Apostles. As such L. appears once with a double name in the middle of the 9th cent. in Photius (Bibl. cod. 114), who ascribes to him the authorship of the …

(Σώφρων/ Sṓphrōn). [German version] [1] Poet, 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC from Syracuse. According to Suda σ 893, approximately contemporaneous with (Arta)Xerxes in Persia and Euripides in Athens, i.e. from the 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC. This is in keeping with the traditional belief that his son Xenarchus composed a mime that referred to a historical event occurring in 394 or 389 BC (fr. 1; 4 Olivieri; [1. 59]). S. became famous for his mimoi, quasi-dramatic dialogues or monologues in a kind of rhythmic prose that depicted everyday characters for humorous purposes t…