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[German Version] The term national church denotes a legally independent church whose membership is defined as comprising the people of a state or nation. In modern territorial states, the territory of the national church is defined by the boundaries of the country. A national church is not necessarily a structural element of the state, but it can be a state church, as has long been true of the Scandinavian churches. Historically national churches developed from resistance to the pope – outstanding examples being the Gallicanism of the French church beginning in the 13th and 14th centuries and the Anglican Church that emerged in 16th-century England in continuation of earlier efforts at independence. Early examples include the Arian Germanic national churches of the Migration Period (esp. the Visigoths), the early medieval Catholic Germanic national churches (e.g. the Frankish and Iro-Scottish churches), and the autocephalous Eastern churches that emerged after Chalcedon (451). Despite various movements such as Febronianism, a national church never became established in G…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Medieval and Modern Judaism – V. The Law – VI. History and Sociology – VII. Social Ethics – VIII.  Socialization Theory – IX. Education – X. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies The term family describes a varied network of relationships between parents, children and other persons in a social system. In ethnically shaped small-scale societies, family groups are bearers of religious rituals (Rite and Ritual) and centers of religious community. Fa…

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. New Testament –…