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[German Version] I. The Memoirs and Their Interpolations Until the 15th century, the Hebrew Bible treated the book ascribed to Nehemiah by modern Bible editions ¶ and the canonical book of Ezra (II) as a single work under the name of Ezra (LXX: Esdras β’). The book recounts the reorganization of the province of Judah after the end of the Babylonian Exile. Obeying God’s will and with the support of Artaxerxes, the great king of Persia, Ezra the priest and Nehemiah the governor publicly read and then implemented the Torah of Moses, setting …

[German Version] The Hebrew lexeme “Hebrews,” documented since the 1st century bce, is presumably related linguistically to a term “ḫab/piru/i” or “ʿpr.w,” which was widespread in the ancient Near East in the 2nd millennium. These texts refer to population groups that found asylum in the country in question either as foreign refugees or sometimes as prisoners of war, or that distanced themselves from the resident society; they hired themselves out for menial service in private or official capacities (esp. …

[German Version] I. General – II. Canonical Book of Ezra – III. 1 Esdras – IV. 4 Ezra – V. 5 Ezra, 6 Ezra …

[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. Biblical – III. Greco-Roman Antiquity – IV. Judaism – V. Practical theology I. History of Religions 1. Term . Astrology is the functional use of quantitative astronomical observations and calculations in the service of a qualitative cosmic and anthropological interpretation of the heavens. Inasmuch as the first of these two elements has not yet been, or is minimally, developed, it is better to speak of astral mythology (there has never been a formal “astral religion”). Astral mythology is the origin, which cannot be located chronologically or geographically, and the common factor of all astrologies down even to the present, in which various remythologizing tendencies are…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies 1. General. The words for time denote in different…

[German Version] I. The ancient Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions of the book of Daniel offer about half again as much material as the Hebrew/Aramaic version. The major Greek and Latin churches consider these Additions to be canoni¶ cal (cf. Catholic Bible translations). The Reformers, however, set them aside as apocrypha. The Additions probably are based on Semitic originals; the medieval Chronicle of Jerahmeel apparently preserves the Aramaic version of 3:24–90 and the dragon narrative.…

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. Early Judaism – III. New Testament – IV. Historical Theology and Dogmatics – V. Social Ethics I. Old Testament …

[German Version] (baptized Nov 4, 1587, Halle – Mar 24, 1654, Halle), German organist and composer. From 1603 to 1607, he was already organist of the Moritzkirche. Then from 1607/1608 to 1609, he studied organ and composition with J.P. Sweelinck in Amsterdam. When the administrator of the archbishopric of Magdeburg took up his residence in Halle, Scheidt became his court organist in 1609 and Kapellmeister in 1619. When the administrator left the city in 1625 for military duty, Scheidt found himself unemployed. Only from 1628 to 1630 did he find temporary employment as Director musices of…

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