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[German Version] I. Person and Work Only a few figures from the time of the Roman Empire are better known to us than Paul, the Jew and Christian. In the New Testament, a third of which lies in the grav-¶ itational field of this first representative of urban Christianity, we meet him as a theologian, missionary, pastor, mystic, martyr, and model of piety. In his person we find a tradition-conscious Jew, a Hellenist cultivating the knowledge of God, and a member of global Roman society. The many and varied historical portraits of Paul s…

[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. New Testament – III. Early Judaism – IV. Church History – V. Philosophy – VI. Philosophy of Religion – VII. Dogmatics – VIII. Ethics – IX. Sociology, Politics, and Law I. Old Testament 1. The concept of political freedom, which originated in the Greek polis (City cult), first appeared in Hellenistic Jewish historiography. The Stoics' concept of freedom, which contrasts inner freedom and outward constraint, has no counterpart in the OT. The OT is rooted in an internal mythological cultur…

[German Version] I. Form Criticism – II. Theology – III. Liturgy – IV. Music I. Form Criticism 1. Old Testament Derived from the expression δόξαν λέγειν ( dóxan légein; cf. Ps 28:9 LXX), in the OT doxology denotes the liturgical act of paying homage to the deity, which in turn has its roots in the ceremonial of the royal court. Words and gestures express veneration, glorification, and exaltation of the addressee together …