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[English version] [1] Praefectus urbi Romae 385-387 n. Chr. 385-387 n.Chr. praefectus urbi Romae, vom Senat 395 mit Postumianus zum Gesandten an Kaiser Valentinianus II. bestellt, um wegen einer Teuerung Hilfe zu erbitten. Um die Wahl eines weiteren Gesandten Paulinus kam es zum Streit. Wahrscheinlich Vater oder Onkel von P. [2]. PLRE 1, 702 (P. 1). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [English version] [2] christl. Asket 4./5. Jh. Neffe oder Sohn von P. [1], 396 n.Chr. im Alter von 16 oder 17 J. mit der jüngeren Melania [2] verheiratet, die ihn nach dem…

[English version] (wörtlich: “Vorsitzender”) wurde im 2. und 3. Jh. n. Chr. als lat. Titel zuerst zur bes. Ehrung von Statthaltern gebraucht, setzte sich dann im amtlichen Sprachgebrauch zunächst für ritterliche procuratores durch und wurde im Gefolge der Neuordnung der Verwaltung unter Diocletianus und Constantinus [1] I. zum Sondertitel für die unterste Gruppe der Provinzstatthalter nach den consulares und correctores , v. a. in den vielen kleinen neugeschaffenen Prov.; allerdings wechselte die Rangstufenfolge. In der Notitia dignitatum sind für …

[English version] (besser bekannt als Auxentius von Durostorum in Moesia). Schüler des Gotenbischofs Ulfila, vielleicht selbst Gote. M. mußte 380 n.Chr. nach dem Edikt des Theodosius I. über die Rückgabe der Kirchen an die Orthodoxen seinen Bischofssitz aufgeben. Kurz darauf wurde er zum arianischen Bischof von Mailand geweiht (Arianismus). Er war Gegner des Ambrosius; er besaß großen Einfluß am Hof Valentinianus' II. Erh. ist seine Schrift ‘Vom Leben und Tod des Ulfila ( De vita et obitu Ulfilae). (PL Suppl. 1, 703-707). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliograph…

[English version] Comes rei militaris des Valentinianus I., kämpfte 370 n.Chr. gegen die Sachsen. 378 besiegte er gemeinsam mit dem comes domesticorum Mallobaudes im Dienst des Gratianus [2] die Alamannen (Lentienses) bei Argentaria (nahe Colmar; Amm. 31,10,6f.). Da er gleichrangig ( pari potestate) mit Mallobaudes war, war er vielleicht comes utriusque Germaniae. Er ist wohl identisch mit dem magister militum Nanninus, der 388 gemeinsam mit Quintinus als Feldherr des Magnus Maximus [7] die Vormundschaft für dessen Sohn Victor übernahm, die Franken im K…

[English version] Aelia Flavia F. Erste Frau des Kaisers Theodosius I.; aus der ca. 376 n.Chr. geschlossenen Ehe gingen drei Kinder hervor: die späteren Kaiser Arcadius und Honorius sowie Pulcheria. 379 wurde F. zur Augusta ernannt. Die überzeugte Anhängerin des nicaenischen Christentums (Soz. 7,6; Theod. hist. eccl. 5,19) galt als fromm und mildtätig. Als sie 386 in Skotumis (Thrakien) starb, hielt Gregorios [2] von Nyssa die Leichenrede (PG 46, 877-892). Ihre Statue wurde im Senatsgebäude aufgestellt (Them. or. 19,228b). PLRE 1, 341f. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Ma…

[English version] Wörtlich “der erste” ( primus) auf der “Wachstafel” ( cera), einer Stammrolle, bezeichnet p. den Vorsteher eines Büros ( officium) oder einer Abteilung in mil. und zivilen röm. Dienststellen (Kanzlei). Primicerii gab es u. a. bei den domestici et protectores ( domesticus ), den duces ( dux ), in den scholae und fabricae des magister officiorum , unter den Ämtern am Hof (C.) und in der Zentralverwaltung sowie in der schola notariorum. Die Rangstufe des p. hing von seiner Tätigkeit ab. Sehr angesehen war der dem praepositus sacri cubiculi unterstellte p. sacri cubiculi. Pr…

[German version] was magister equitum per Gallias under Magnus Maximus [7], who entrusted his son Victor to him in AD 387. Q. was killed in 388 during an advance east of the Rhine near Neuss against the advice of Nannienus. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography PLRE 1, 760  P. Richardot, Un désastre romain peu connu sur le Rhin, in: Riv. storica dell' antichità 25, 1995, 111-130.

[German version] Flavius T., an officer under Valens [2], in AD 385 cos., in 386 comes et magister equitum, 388-395 magister equitum et peditum, and in 388 he led the infantry in a war with Maximus [II 7]. He took part in the conflicts between Theodosius [II 2] and Ambrosius over the synagogue in Callinicum, which had been destroyed by Christians. In 389, T. was cos. II. In 391, when he had to fight bands of Goths in Thrace, he came into conflict with Rufinus [II 3] and shortly afterwards fell into disgrace. In 394, however, he was commander-in-chief with Stil…

[German version] Flavius Magnus M., usurper, Roman emperor, AD 350-353. Born in Amiens c. 303, of non-Roman origin, not Christian. M. entered a military career and made it to the rank of comes . The comes rerum privatarum Marcellinus [5] incited him to conspire against Constans [1]: On 18 January 350, M. revolted in Autun (Aur. Vict. 42; Zos. 2,42); Constans was killed. By the end of February, M. was recognized as emperor in northern Italy, and thereafter in the entire West and in Africa as well. In the Danube reg…

[German version] (or clarissimus vir = c.v., literally approximately a 'highly regarded man'; Greek lamprótatos, attested from c. AD 160; until the 3rd cent. AD also krátistos). In the (late) Republican Period a general senatorial honorary attribute; in the Imperial Period VC developed into a title of rank for members of the senatorial class (Senatus). Up to the early 2nd cent. AD it became a fixed title for senators (until the 4th cent. it was c.v.) which from the 2nd cent. was also transferred to their relatives ( clarissima femina, c. iuvenis, c. puer, c. puella). As a rule women lost …

[German version] (better known as Auxentius of Durostorum in Moesia). Student of the Gothic bishop Ulfila, perhaps a Goth himself. M. had to give up his bishopric in AD 380 after the edict of Theodosius I with regard to the return of the churches to the Orthodox. Shortly afterwards he was consecrated as Arian bishop of Milan ( Arianism). He was an opponent of Ambrosius; he exerted great influence on the court of Valentinian II. His ‘On the Life and Death of Ulfila ( De vita et obitu Ulfilae). (PL Suppl. 1, 703-707) has come down to us. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography K. G…

[German version] Came from Africa, proconsul of Constantinople around AD 350, quaestor sacri palatii of Constantius [5] Gallus AD 351-353; while seeking to gain influence with the life guards during Gallus' struggle with the praef. praet. Domitianus [3], he was murdered by soldiers incited by Gallus (Amm. Marc. 14,7,12-14; 9,4; 11,17; Philostorgius 3,28; PLRE 1, 535-536, 11; 1, 608). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main)

[German version] [1] Official under Hermogenes, AD 358 In AD 358, after occupying other, unknown offices, he became consularis Syriae. He was fined and dismissed by the praef. praet. Hermogenes [10] for failings in the supply of the army in Callinicum. He may have received a new office in 360 from the comes Orientis Modestus [2]. N. was highly regarded by Libanius (Lib. Ep. 122; 193). PLRE 1, 628 no. 1. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [2] Official, 4th cent. AD Tribunus et notarius, lived in Mediolanum/Milan, where he was said to be miraculously he…

[German version] [1] M. Severa Mother of the emperor Gratianus, around AD 370 First wife of Valentinianus I, mother of the emperor Gratianus [2], whose elevation to Augustus she helped effect; removed from the court and divorced before AD 370 because of some fraud, in 375 called back to the court by Gratianus. PLRE I, 828, 2. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [2] Youngest daughter of Arcadius and Eudoxia, AD 403-449 Youngest daughter of Arcadius and Eudoxia [1], born 403, died AD 449; built a palace in Constantinople; following the example…

[German version] Born around AD 327, sister of Basilius [1] the Great, Petrus of Sebaste and Gregorius [2] of Nyssa. Daughter of the rhetor Basilius and Emmelia, granddaughter of M. the Elder ( c. 270- c. 340). After the death of her bridegroom, M. lived an ascetic life on a family estate on the Iris in Pontus; died around 380. Her brother Gregorius wrote a biography of M. ( Vita M. iunioris; Greg. Nyss. Opera ascetica 8,1, p. 370-414) and had her answer his theological questions as a teacher in his work De anima et resurrectione (PG 46, 12-160). Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main)

[German version] Officials on the staff of the comes sacrarum largitionum and the comes rerum privatarum ( comes ), therefore belonging to the palatini . Their principal task was to act as messengers in the provinces. They are first attested under Theodosius I, who stipulated their conditions of rank and salaries (Cod. Theod. 6,30,2; table in [1. 124]), but they probably existed before that. The advancement rota consisted initially of two years and in the 5th cent. AD of one year. A schola mittendariorum of the praefectus praetorio Africae existed in the 6th cent (Cod. Iust. 1,2…

[German version] Roman titular officials (like honorarii), i.e. they bore an official title without holding or having held the corresponding office. They usually received the title when retiring from active service and were entitled to wear the sash ( cingulum), which was not granted to  honorarii. They ranked after the actual holders of the office. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main)

[German version] (literally: 'chairman/president') initially used in 2nd and 3rd cents. AD as a special honorific Latin title for governors, later becoming established in official usage for an equestrian procurator . Subsequently, in the wake of the administrative reorganization under Diocletian and Constantine [1] I, it became a special title for the lowest group of provincial governors after the consularis and corrector , esp. in the many newly created small provinces. The ranking hierarchy, however, was subject to changes. In the Notitia dignitatum , 40 praesides are mentio…

[German version] [1] Mother of Theodosius [II 2] I, 4th cent. AD Mother of Theodosius [II 2] I; died before AD 389/391. PLRE 1, 909 no. 1. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [2] Niece of Theodosius [II 2] I, c. AD 400 Granddaughter of T. [1], adopted, with her sister Serena, into the family of her uncle Theodosius [II 2] the Great before AD 384 and treated as an adopted daughter (Claud., Laus Serenae 105-109; 118; 187; Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 48,1); married to a high-ranking officer. PLRE 1, 909 no. 2. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] [3…

[German version] Aelia Flavia F. First wife of the emperor Theodosius I; three children were born of the marriage contracted in c. AD 376: the later emperors  Arcadius and  Honorius as well as  Pulcheria. In 379 F. was appointed Augusta. The committed supporter of Nicene Christianity (Sozom. Hist. eccl. 7,6; Theod. Hist. eccl. 5,19) was considered pious and charitable. When she died in 386 in Skotumis (Thrace), Gregorius [2] of Nyssa held the funerary oration (PG 46, 877-892). Her statue was erected in the Senate building (Them. Or. 19,228b). PLRE 1, 341f. Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Fr…