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[German Version] I The term interiority or inwardness (Ger. Innerlichkeit) was used by F.G. Klopstock and J.W. v. Goethe, but it was only in G.W.F. Hegel that it gained the interpretive configuration that subsequently became definitive: first, and in the widest sense, the term refers to the subjectivity or the immediate being-within-one's self of the spirit (III). Wherever there is spirit, there is interiority, and vice versa, for interiority is nothing other than the spirit's “returning into itself” ( Philosophie der Geschichte, 340). Second, thus defined the term serves as a fundamental predicate not only in metaphysics but ¶ also in anthropology, ethics, religion, and the philosophy of history: “interiority” not only characterizes the feelings, imagination, and thought of a person (cf. ibid., 520f.), but also a person's volition and action (cf. ibid., 142ff.); in addition it characterizes works of art (cf. Ästhetik, vol. III, 192), religions (cf. Geschichte der Ph…

[German Version] I. Philosophy The term unbelief may be used either descriptively and neutrally or evaluatively (usually pejoratively). In either case, …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Philosophy – III. Philosophy of Religion – IV. Practical Theology I. Religious Studies Anxiety (Angst) or fear (anxiety is the deeper but less harmful form of the feeling) – S. Freud scarcely differentiates between the terms – is an alteration in feeling and behavior triggered by pain, actual…

[German Version] I. Terminology – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Systematic Theology – V. Practical Theology – VI. Judaism – VII. Islam I. Terminology 1. Religious Studies a. As an emic linguistic term, “faith” is found not only in the context of the Christian West (cf. fides, foi, Glaube, etc.), but also in other religious traditions. The Sanskrit term śraddhā (cf. Pāli saddhā; Avestan zrazdā-) seems to represent an Indo-European etymological pendant to Lat. credo, as demonstrated by the possible reconstruction of Indo-Germanic * k'red-dhē-, “set one's heart on” (Köhler; Smith, 1979). …

[German Version] I. Natural Sciences Verification of a physical hypothesis or theory means empirical demonstration that the theory is true. Many physical hypotheses, however, are universal propositions, which make assertions regarding potentially an infinite number of individual cases, for example laws of nature (Natural law/Law of nature) such as “All bodies that are heated expand.” Therefore they can never be verified in the strict sense, since we can actually test only a finite number of cases.…