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[German Version] I. Philosophy – II. Philosophy of Religion – III. Fundamental Theology I. Philosophy After roughly two and a half thousand years of the varied history of argumentative speech (Wohlrapp, Introduction), the concept of argumentation has acquired new relevance for philosophy and science in the last 40 years. Currently, the concept of argumentative reasoning is in the process of superseding or reinterpreting the concept of truth (esp. in the normative sense). …

[German Version] I. Dogmatics – II. Ethics I. Dogmatics In Protestant dogmatics, the debate on the term “heteronomy” (etymology, see II below) is characterized by the fact that “heteronomy” is not only defined as the opposite of “autonomy” but also of “theonomy” (cf. also Graf). P. Tillich regards heteronomy and auton-¶ omy as being essentially rooted in a theonomy that is unattainable under the conditions of existence. In the dialectical course of the history of theonomy, autonomy, and heteronomy, heteronomy represents a reaction to the domin…

[German Version] I. Natural Sciences Neopragmatism is the name given to a philosophical movement that emerged in the United States in the 1950s, usually associated with such thinkers as W.V.O. Quine, Wilfried Sellars, D. Davidson, Thomas Kuhn (see also Paradigms), Hilary Putnam, and R. Rorty, who based their work on classical Pragmatism but developed it in their own independent direction. The movement began as a critical reaction to the dominance of analytic philosophy and logical positivism in Ameri…

[German Version] I. Philosophy of Religion and Fundamental Theology In modern philosophy, the term pragmatics (from Gk τὸ πρᾶγμα/ tó prágma, “action, act, thing”) denotes both purposive and object-oriented cognition and action. Departing from the usage of I. Kant, who understood the adjective pragmatisch…

[German Version] I. Philosophy…

[German Version] I. Systematic Theology – II. Ethics – III. Practical Theology I. Systematic Theology …

[German Version] I. The Term and Its Impact Though there was scattered use of the term in German historiography (Ernst Bernheim) and 19th-century German and French philosophy (Conrad Herrmann, M. Blondel), the concept and term go back to C.S. Peirce (see also II below), who introduced the concept in …