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Magic

(9,806 words)

Author(s): Wiggermann, Franciscus A.M. | Wiggermann, F.A.M. | Betz, Hans Dieter | Baudy, Dorothea | Joosten, Jan | Et al.
[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Antiquity – III. Bible – IV. Church History – V. Practical Theology – VI. Philosophy of Religion – VII. Judaism – VIII. Islam I. Religious Studies No definition of magic has as yet found general acceptance. Approaches that go back to the late 19th century (E.B. Tylor, J.G. Fr…

Malalas, John

(90 words)

Author(s): Wallraff, Martin
[German Version] (surname from Syr. malel, “speak”; Antioch, 6th cent.), rhetor. His universal chronicle (Chronicles: I), with clearly monophysite tendencies (at least in its first portion), presents in 18 books the history of the world from Adam to the death of Justinian I in 565 (possibly continued to 574). Written for popular instruction and entertainment, both its language and content significantly influenced later Byzantine literature. Martin Wallraff Bibliography CPG 3, 7511 J. Thurn, ed., Ioannis Malalae Chronographia, 2000 E. Jeffreys et al., eds., Studies in John Malalas, 1990. …

Rome

(11,156 words)

Author(s): Koch, Guntram | Cancik, Hubert | Veltri, Giuseppe | Wallraff, Martin | Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard | Et al.
[German Version] I. History and Archaeology 1. History and archaeology. On a favorable site, on the road from Etruria to Latium and Campania, at a ford over the Tiber about 30 km from its mouth, and also on the road from the coast going in the direction of the Apennines, and in fertile lands by the river, there were small settlements from at least the 14th century bce (esp. on the Capitol). According to legend, Rome was then founded in 753 bce by Romulus, who became its first king. Other legends make Aeneas, son of Anchises …

Philip of Side

(299 words)

Author(s): Wallraff, Martin
[German Version] (c. 380 – after 431), compatriot and relative of the rhetor Troilos from the Pamphylian seaport of Side. Under John Chrysostom, Philip was a deacon in Constantinople, and later probably also presbyter and synkellos (i.e. senior priest close to the patriarch); certainly, a decided supporter of the controversial bishop (probable addressee of Chrysostom’s

Novatian/Novatians

(383 words)

Author(s): Wallraff, Martin
[German Version] I. Novatian (died c. 258). In the 3rd century, Novatian was second only to Hippolytus as an intellectual and theological leader of the Roman church. This was clear after Bishop Fabian was martyred in the Decian persecution (Decius; Persecutions of Christians: I). During the interim before election of a successor, agreement had to be reached with Carthage about rece…

Baptism

(22,186 words)

Author(s): Alles, Gregory D. | Avemarie, Friedrich | Wallraff, Martin | Grethlein, Christian | Koch, Günter | Et al.
[German Version] I. History of Religion – II. New Testament – III. Church History – IV. Dogmatics – V. Practical Theology – VI. History of Liturgy – VII. Law – VIII. Missions – IX. Art I. History of Religion

Sun

(2,816 words)

Author(s): Mohn, Jürgen | Hartenstein, Friedhelm | Cancik, Hubert | Schroer, Silvia | Wallraff, Martin | Et al.
[German Version] I. Religious Studies The sun is omnipresent; in the phenomenal world, it marks and accentuates the course of our chronological and spatial lifeworld. The range of associated structures, interpretations, and ambival…

Philostorgius

(258 words)

Author(s): Wallraff, Martin

Rome, The Idea of

(904 words)

Author(s): Cancik, Hubert | Wallraff, Martin | Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard
[German Version] I. Greco-Roman Antiquity 1. The picture (imaginaire, myth, idea) that the Romans developed of themselves, their city, and their rule (Imperium Romanum) has an exemplary early period, with its founders – “pious father Aeneas” (Virgil, Aen.

Novatian/Novatianer.

(353 words)

Author(s): Wallraff, Martin
[English Version] I.Novatian (N.; gest. ca.258). N. war im 3.Jh. nach Hippolyt der geistig und theol. führende Kopf der röm. Gemeinde. Das wurde nach dem Märtyrertod des Bf. Fabianus in der decischen Verfolgung (Decius, Christenverfolgungen: I.) deutlich. Während der Sedisvakanz mußte man die Frage der Wiederaufnahme abgefallener Gemeindeglieder regeln und mit Karthago abstimmen; diese Korrespondenz führte N. (im Briefcorpus des Cyprian, ep. 30, 36, nur partiell 31). Seine Hoffnung auf die Nachfo…

Philostorgius

(266 words)

Author(s): Wallraff, Martin
[English Version] (ca.368 – nach 425), Kirchenhistoriker in Konstantinopel. Aus Borissus in Kappadozien stammend, war er in einer Familie aufgewachsen, die der anhomöischen Richtung des Christentums (Anhomöer) anhing (h.e. IX 9). Durch eine Begegnung im jugendlichen Alter mit Eunomius, dem geistigen Führer dieser Gruppe, wurde Ph. vollends zu dessen engagiertem Parteigänger (X 6). Von dieser Perspektive ist auch seine Kirchengesch. geprägt, die vermutlich zw. 425 und 433 in Konstantinopel entstand…

Romidee

(816 words)

Author(s): Cancik, Hubert | Wallraff, Martin | Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard
[English Version] I. Griechisch-römische Antike 1.

Taufe

(19,410 words)

Author(s): Alles, Gregory D. | Avemarie, Friedrich | Wallraff, Martin | Grethlein, Christian | Koch, Günter | Et al.
[English Version] I. ReligionsgeschichtlichAus religionswiss. Sicht ist die T. kein allg. Ritustyp (Ritus/Ritual), sondern ein Lustrationsritual, das sowohl im Christentum als auch in den gesch. mit diesem verwandten Rel. wie Judentum und Mandäismus durchgeführt wird. Die T. hat sich aus Lustrationsritualen antiker nahöstlicher Flußzivilisationen entwickelt, wobei die Einzelheiten dieser Entwicklung eher im dunkeln liegen. In der Spätzeit des Zweiten Tempels wurde die T. in mehreren Gemeinschaften…

Sonne

(2,413 words)

Author(s): Mohn, Jürgen | Hartenstein, Friedhelm | Cancik, Hubert | Schroer, Silvia | Wallraff, Martin | Et al.
[English Version] I. Religionswissenschaftlich …

Rom

(9,709 words)

Author(s): Koch, Guntram | Cancik, Hubert | Veltri, Giuseppe | Wallraff, Martin | Schimmelpfennig, Bernhard | Et al.
[English Version] I. Geschichtlich und archäologisch 1.Geschichtlich-archäologisch An einer günstigen Stelle, nämlich der Straße von Etrurien nach Latium und Campanien, einer Furt durch den Tiber, etwa 30 km von der Mündung des Tibers entfernt, weiterhin an der Straße von der Küste Richtung Apennin sowie an fruchtbaren Gegenden am Fluß, gab es zumindest seit dem 14.Jh. v.Chr. kleine Siedlungen (v.a. auf dem Capitol). Der …