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[German version] T. T. Rufus. Senator from Concordia in Upper Italy, where among other things an equestrian statue was raised to him (ILS 931; cf. 931a). After serving as quaestor and people's tribune, he became legatus Augusti with a legion. A praetorian in 18 AD, he was given the task of looking after the children of the Thracian king Kotys [I 9] as their tutor; this task, during which he also became involved in armed conflicts, lasted at least until 21 (Tac. Ann. 2,67,2; 3,38,3 f.). When he was accused of maiestas in 35 AD, he killed himself (Tac. Ann. 6,39,1). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliog…

Uncommon Latin praenomen , abbreviation V. The etymology of the name is unknown. Like the identical nomen gentilicium, it derives from the Osco-Umbrian Vībie/o-. Related nomina gentilicia were Vibidius, Vibuleius, Vibulenus. The praenomen and its feminine equivalent Vībia- were loaned into Etruscan as Vipie and Vipia respectively. The nomen gentilicium formed from that, Vipi(e)na, appears in Latinized form as Vibenna . Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Curius Prefect of Caesar, to whom troops of L. Manlius [I 18] Torquatu…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Ancestor of V. [I 2] from Reate, who was told of a victory over Perseus [2] in a dream in 168 BC (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6; 3,13; Val. Max. 1,8,1). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Born c. 95 BC, d. after 42 BC. Presumably from Reate (Cic. Nat. D. 2,6 on V. [I 1]), V. achieved a political rise in Rome under the patronage of the Iulii Caesares: since he was married (schol. Bobiensia 149 St.) to Antonia, a niece of L. Iulius [I 6] Caesar, the latter as consul in 64 may have sponsored…

[German version] Torquatus N. Atticus. From Milan (Mediolan(i)um [1]). In the course of his career, N. served, probably under Tiberius inter alia, as tribune in Germania with the legio I, was tribunus vexillariorum legionum quattuor primae, quintae, vicesimae, vicesimae primae; and was finally posted to the province of Gallia Narbonensis as legatus ad census accipiendos et dilectum et proconsul, still under Tiberius. N. died there at the age of 44. According to Pliny (HN 14,144), he was one of Tiberius' drinking companions (CIL XIV 3602 = ILS 950). PIR2 N 175. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…

[German version] [1] P. V. Suffect consul in c. AD 54; pro-consul of Asia probably in 62/3 [1. 438-441]. Probably a brother of V. [2]. Bibliography 1 Vogel-Weidemann. [German version] [2] C. V. Severus Probably a brother of V. [1]. Suffect consul together with Cn. Hosidius [4] Geta in November/December AD 47 [1. 247]. Cf. CIL VI 8,3, p. 4784 ad 31767. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum, 1999.

Italian gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V., P. Friend of Cn. Pompeius [I 3], provoked mockery by Cicero (Cic. Att. 6,1,25) in March of 50 BC for his travelling in an ostentatious style and his collecting miniature portraits of married women. Possibly identical to V. [II 4]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II.Imperial period [German version] [II 1] P. V. Antoninus Citizen of Ephesus of equestrian rank. Praefectus cohortis and tribunus militum Legionis I Italicae (IEph III 726; 726a). In Ephesus itself he was a prýtanis, and a grammateú…

[German version] She was probably the daughter of Munatius [II 1], thus granddaughter of Munatius [I 4] and sister to Munatius [II 6]. This lineage gave her great self-confidence (Tac. Ann. 2,43,3). Probably the second wife of Cn. Calpurnius [II 16] Piso, whom she bore two sons, Cn. Calpurnius [II 20] Piso and M. Calpurnius [II 23] Piso. She was a member of the inner circle of friends of Livia [2], the mother of Tiberius. In AD 18, she accompanied her husband to Syria, where she played an importan…

[German version] [1] A. Cassius, C. Deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War Came from Cyrrhus in Syria, son of A. [2] (SHA Marc. 25,12). Admitted into the Senate under Antoninus Pius; deputy commander to L. Verus in the Parthian War, in command of the legio III Gallica and auxiliary troops (Lucian. 31); conquered Seleucia and Ctesiphon (Cass. Dio 71,2,2ff.; 3,1); his contribution to the Parthian War was even recognized in Rome (Fronto Ad Am. 1,6) [1; 2. 141ff.]. Probably suffect consul in 166 [6. 181f.], also governor of Syria from a…

Roman family name (Schulze, 168, 276, A.7; ThlL, Onom. 2, 587), related to copo ‘innkeeper’ in popular etymology (Mart. 3,59), attested since the 1st cent. BC. [German version] [1] C., C. Praetor under Pompey 49 BC Cicero praised him and his brother T.C. as adulescentes in 56 BC (Balb. 53; Cael. 24). In 53 BC, he was praefectus in Syria, in 49 BC, praetor and mint master under Pompey (RRC 444), and in 48, as propraetor, he lost his fleet in a storm at sea. He is probably identical to the C. who was proscribed in 43 and who owed his life to his wife's …

[German version] [1] Father-in-law and military commander of the emperor Iovianus, 4th cent. AD Father-in-law of the emperor Iovianus (Amm. Marc. 25,8,9). In AD 350 L., probably as comes rei militaris, was successful against the Persians in the third siege of Nisibis (Zos. 2,45,2; 3,8,2). In 354 he was comes domesticorum of Constantius [5] Gallus (Amm. Marc. 14,11,14). In 361, as magister equitum, he unsuccessfully fought back Iulianus' advance [11] to Constantinople in Illyria (Amm. Marc. 21,9,5-10). Iovianus elevated him to the rank of magister equitum et peditum in 363 (Amm. Ma…

[German version] Equestrian from Nursia. Three times he was a tribunus [4] militum in a legion, including the Legio I, then a praefectus [5] castrorum, no earlier than the time of Augustus (Suet. Vesp. 1,3; cf. [1. 155-160]). His daughter was Vespasia Polla; one of his sons reached the rank of senator (cf. Vespasianus, with stemma). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Epigraphische Notizen aus Italien, in: ZPE 77, 1989, 155-180 2 Demougin, Nr. 192.

Roman patrician family name, probably derived from Etruscan fapi [1. 162]. According to ancient etymology, however, either from faba ‘(broad)bean’ (‘legume grower’: Plin. HN 18,10; [2]) or from the original ‘Fodius’, ‘Fovius’ (‘wolf pit hunter’: Plut. Fabius 1,2; Fest. 77 L.) because the Fabii with the Quinctii originally appointed the priesthood of the Luperci; the  Lupercalia were also the family celebration of the Fabii (Ov. Fast. 193ff.). Early Imperial pseudogenealogy, which perhaps arose in the literary ci…

[German version] M. S. Severianus Iulius Rufinus Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor. A senator from the city of Limonum in Aquitania (AE 1981, 640), he was probably admitted to senatorial status from equestrian status. After quaestorship, people's tribuneship and praetorship he achieved command of a legion, the cura viae Flaminiae and praetorian governorship in Dacia (AD 150/1-153) and in 153 consulship. He was dispatched as consular legate to Cappadocia  by Antoninus [1] Pius. There he and his army were defeated by the Parthian…

[German version] Owner of brickworks near Rome in the time of Trajan (98-117), products of which survive in great numbers (CIL XV 52-60; 63-68; 339 etc.). She may have been a member of a senatorial family (cf. Plotius [II 3 and 4]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Raepsaet-Charlier, Nr. 620  PIR2 P 524.

[German version] Rhetoric instructor of  Commodus (SHA Comm. 1,6; Ateius or Attius, according to AE 1961, 280 to emend). Equestrian procurator, among other things ab epistulis Graecis, a rationibus; praef. Aegypti 179/180 [1]. Acceptance into the Senate, cos. suff. around 184, praef. alimentorum; his grave inscription erected by M. Aurelius Cleander (AE 1961, 280). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Bastianini, Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30a al 299p, in: ZPE 17, 1975, 263-328 2 W. Eck, s. v. T. Aius Sanctus, RE Suppl. 14, 40 f.

[German version] [1] O. Sabinus Accuser of Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus Roman eques who accused Marcius [II 2] Barea Soranus in 66 and was awarded 1,2 million sesterces and the Ornamenta Quaestoria. PIR2 O 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. O. Scapula Senator and official (1st cent. AD), son of O. [4] Senator who served in the army in Britain under his father O. [4] and was awarded the corona civica for rescuing citizens (Tac. Ann. 12,31,4). In 59 cos. suff. Although he had saved the praetor Antistius [II 5] Sosianus from indictment, the latter accused him lat…

Name of a Roman plebeian family probably deriving from the Italic praenomen Pompo, tracing back, like the Aemilii, Calpurnii and Pinarii, to one of the sons of Numa Pompilius (Plut. Numa 21,2; cf. Nep. Att. 1,1). In the 3rd century BC the Mathones (cf. P. [I 7-9]) achieved consulship, but later the family was insignificant. The most prominent member was a friend of Cicero, T. P. [I 5] Atticus. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., Cn. People's tribune in 90 BC People's tribune in 90 BC, killed in the Civil War in 82; Cicero quite often heard him in his youth; his j…

[German version] [1] T.C.Mancia Cos. suff. 55 AD Suffect consul in AD 55 [1. 267]; governor and commander of the Upper Germanic army from 56 until at least 58 [2. 25f.]. We are uncertain whether he became proconsul of Africa (PIR2 C 1605; [3. 214ff.]). Re the bequeathing of his fortune, see Domitia [II 7]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography G. Camodeca, L'archivio Puteolano dei Sulpicii I, 1992 2 Eck, Statthalter 25f. 3 Vogel-Weidemann.

Name of a plebeian gens (cf. Tac. Ann. 6,15,1), the representatives of whom have been known historically since the middle of the 3rd cent. BC. The most important family, especially in the 1st cent. BC, are the Cassii Longini. A patrician C. (around 500 BC, C. I 19) is rare. I. Republican age [German version] [I 1] C., C. Governor of Asia 89-88 BC Praetor 90 BC (?), in 89-88 governor of the province of Asia whence he, with M'. Aquillius [I 4], induced Nicomedes of Bithynia to attack  Mithridates (MRR 2,34). He then had to retreat from the victorious Mithridat…

Roman family name, variant of Venilius (Schulze, 378; 458). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] L. V. Apronianus Octavius Priscus Son of V. [4]. Cos. ord. in AD 123; procos. of Asia 138/9, SEG 36, 987. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Scheid, Collège, 338-342. [German version] [2] L. V. Apronianus Octavius Priscus Senator. Son of V. [1]. Although a Patrician, after a praetorship he took on command of the Legio I Italica in Moesia Inferior. Cos. suff. under Antoninus [1] Pius; also a consular legate in Hispania Tarraconensis. Cos. ord. II in AD 168. Eck, Werner (Cologne) B…

[German version] [1] Epithet, conferred for a victory over Germanics Epithet, first conferred to Nero  Claudius [II 24] Drusus posthumously by the Senate in 9 BC, for his victories over Germanic tribes; adopted by his successors G. [2], Caligula, Claudius, Nero. Vitellius gave the name to his son. From the time of Domitian, it was again granted by the Senate for victories over Germanic tribes, namely to Nerva, Trajan, and Marcus Aurelius. The intensification 'G. maximus' is found from Commodus to Gratianus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography P. Kneißl, Die Siegestitulatur der röm…

[German version] [1] T.M. Senator in the Augustan period Senator in the Augustan period IVvir viarum curandum, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, possibly proconsul. Father of M. [2] (CIL VI 1467 = 41053). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] T.M.Pollianus Consul AD 40 or 43/4 Son of M. [1], from the tribus Arnensis. Decemvir stlitibus iudicandis, quaestor, tribunus plebis, praetor, curator viarum, praefectus frumenti dandi, proconsul provinciae Galliae Narbonensis, consul either in AD 40 or AD 43/4 [1.263]. In AD 48, he may have been accepted as a member…

Praenomen of Oscan origin, particularly widespread in Upper Italy (cf. S. Gellius [3], S. Abbius Oppianicus); later also occurring as nomen gentile with many variants [1. 37, 237, 469]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A Samnite, in 90 BC a leader of the Itali in the Social Wars [3], later (81?) on the Roman side. Proscribed at the age of 80 in 43 BC, he distributed his property and burned himself to death in his empty house (App. B Civ. 4,102). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] A slave and close friend of Cicero's brother Quintus, from 61 to 59 BC Quintus' pro…

Plebeian family name, documented in Rome since the 1st cent. BC (on the derivation of asinus [1], on Etruscan parallels [2]). The family, whose most famous name-bearer was Asinus Pollio, originally came from Teate Marrucinorum (modern Chieti), was a member of the patrician class since the Augustan period and was particularly prominent in the 1st cent. AD. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] A. Senator (mid-1st cent. BC) Senator, supporter of Antony at Mutina in 43 BC (Cic. Phil. 13, 28). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3 A, 1829 2 Schulze, 129. …

[German version] L. T. Rufus. Possibly from Liburnia ([1. 105-135], but cf. [2. 563]), of lowly origins (Plin. HN 18,37). He was involved in leading sea operations at Actium (Cass. Dio 50,14,1), probably already a senator at the time. He acquired a large estate in Picenum (Plin. HN loc.cit.), possibly proconsul of Cyprus: IGR 3, 952. He took part, in c. 16 BC, in campaigns in Macedonia (Cass. Dio 54,20,3), possibly as ( legatus) pro pr( aetore) (AE 1936, 18), but possibly only as promagistrate pro pr( aetore). In 16 BC cos. suff. According to Frontin. Aq. 102,3 f., in AD 23 a…

[German version] T. M. Severus. Consul suffectus in December 202 AD. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Pferdehirt, Vier neue Militärdiplome im Besitz des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, in: Arch. Korrespondenzblatt 31, 2001, 61-280, bes. 266 ff.

[German version] This term designates the Roman emperors of the 2nd cent. The limits of its application are not strictly defined. Normally it covers only the time from  Antoninus [1] Pius to  Commodus (180-192), as all these emperors bore the name Antoninus, as in [1] below. In the same context both  Caracalla and  Elagabalus should be included, since both bore the name; albeit stemming from a belated and fictive adoption. Others use it to cover the time from  Nerva to Commodus, as in [2], from  H…

[German version] Praetorian tribune, who instigated the killing of consul Iulius Vestinus in AD 65 under Nero's orders (Tac. Ann. 15,69). His brother is possibly L.G. Fronto (CIL III 14387 g.h = IGLS VI 2786/7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography B. Dobson, Die Primipilares, 1978, 201f.

Name of an Italian gens, attested in Setia (consequently Oscan? ILS 6130) and several trading towns. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] (P.) Lepta, Q. Friend of Cicero and his praefectus fabrum in Cilicia, 51-50 BC Friend of Cicero and his praefectus [7] fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 BC (Cic. Fam. 3,7,4; 5,20,4 et passim). Cic. Fam. 9,13,1-3 points to Cales in Campania as his homeland, where ILS 5779 must attest himself or a son (on the identity [1. 6]). P. often appears in Cicero's letters (e.g. as addressee of Fam. 6,18-19), for the last time in November 44 (Att. 16,15,3). Fündling, Jörg …

[German version] [1] Roman emperor, born AD 51 Roman emperor; original name T. Flavius Domitianus = Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] A. Up to the death of Titus Born on 24 Oct. AD 51 in Rome; his parents were T. Flavius  Vespasianus and Flavia Domitilla. D. spent his childhood in Rome; he did not accompany his father Vespasian to Judaea. His life was first threatened in the 2nd half of 69 during the reign of Vitellius, when D.'s father had already been proclaimed emperor, and fightin…

[German version] [1] Perhaps a descendant of V. [2], mentioned in Statius According to Statius [II 2] (Silv. 4,6,94) V. died at an early age and rivalled his forbears. Probably of noble origin, perhaps a descendant of V. [2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] M. V. Atticus See M. Iulius [II 147] V. Atticus. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] L. Iulius V. Greek lexicographer, first half of the 2nd cent. Greek lexicographer, first half of the 2nd cent. AD, Superintendent of the Mouseion in Alexandria, procurator of the Roman and Greek libraries and …

Hereditary cognomen in the younger line of the Claudii family (Claudius; from the 2nd half of the 3rd cent. BC); according to ancient etymology of Sabine origin, meaning ‘brave’ (Suet. Tib. 1.2; Gell. NA 13.23.7f., etc.). With Livia's children [2] from her first marriage with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero - the later princeps Tiberius and N. Claudius [II 24] Drusus (the Elder) - the name passed into the Julio-Claudian imperial house (stemma: Augustus). Whereas Tiberius retained N. as an epithet, his brother bore it as praenomen, as did their sons Drusus [II 1] (the Younger) and…

[German version] Friend of Martial who came from Emerita in the province of Lusitania, but acted as a lawyer ( causidicus) in Rome (Mart. 1,61,10; 2,5). He was a friend of literature to whom Martial dedicated his second book of epigrams. Follower of Stoic philosophy. In Martial, he only appears in book 1 and 2. PIR2 D 20. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] A. S. Clodianus. Senator, who is probably identical to the Asellius Claudianus mentioned in the Historia Augusta (HA Sept. Sev. 13,1). Suffect consul before 193 AD, the year in which he is recorded as curator operum publicorum (AE 1974, 11; [1. 236]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Kolb, Bauverwaltung.

(also frequently Popilius). Name of a Plebeian gens attested from the 4th cent. BC. The family maintained a joint funeral cult (Cic. Leg. 2,55). Its most famous branch was the Laenates (with regard to the cognomen Laenas); insignificant from the early Imperial period onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] P. Laenas Augur, in 44 BC adviser of the murderers of Caesar Augur (Cic. Att. 12,13,2), in 44 BC was the adviser of the murderers of Caesar and may perhaps have been tempted to betray them to the dictator (App. B Civ. 2,484; 487). Fündling, Jörg (B…

[German version] L.M. Pollio. Senator. During his tenure as consul designatus in AD 49, and at the urging of Agrippina [3], he proposed to the Senate that Claudius [III 1] should marry his daughter to the son of Agrippina [3], the future emperor Nero (Tac. Ann. 12,9). He is attested as consul in May of the same year. PIR2 M 126. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] L. M. Macer Proconsul of Achaia, after AD 44 Senator, probably from Arretium. M.'s career began under Tiberius; between AD 41 and 44 he was governor of Moesia under the command of Memmius [II 4] Regulus. Finally he became proconsul of Achaia by direct appointment. PIR2 M 343. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography M. Torelli, in: EOS 2, 289. [German version] [2] L. M. Macer Praetor M.'s career included three offices of the vigintiviri and culminated in the praetorship. Since he was also Salius Palatinus ( Salii ), he must have been a patrician;…

[German version] Equestrian official, who, as Praeses provinciae Numidiae, dedicated a gate building, designed with a groma, in Lambaesis (see city plan no. 10c) in AD 268 still under Gallienus (CIL VIII 2571 = 18057 = AE 1974,723;  cf. [1]). Under Claudius [III 2] Gothicus he continued in office there (AE 1936,58; ILAlg II 1,24). He is probably identical to the Probus who, as Praefectus Aegypti in 269, was victorious over the Marmarites in Cyrenaeca and founded the city of Claudiopolis (AE 1934,257). According to Zos. 1,4,4 he fought for…

[German version] Daughter of the imperial freedman C. Iulius [II 36] Callistus and a seamstress; mother of C. Nymphidius [2] Sabinus. PIR2 N 251. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] C. P. Sabinus Homo novus, cos. ord. AD 9 His family is presumably from Interamna Praetuttiorum, not Pompeii. Homo novus; his brother was P. [2]; father of  Poppaea [1] Sabina and father-in-law of T. Ollius. Promoted by Augustus and above all Tiberius. In 9 AD, extraordinarily for a homo novus, he became cos. ord. Shortly thereafter, probably in 11 AD, he was sent to Moesia; he was presumably the first to organize it as an independent province. In 15, he was also placed over Achaea and Macedonia, and so held overarching command …

Italian family name [1. 185; 469], with an uncertain connection to the Roman tribus Maecia. M. is encountered first among Rome's Latin neighbours (Liv. 10,41,5), from the 2nd cent. BC on, also in inscriptions from Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) and Lucania (ILS 5665). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. Geminus Died in 340 BC in a duel with Torquatus From Tusculum, challenged T. Manlius [I 12] Torquatus to a duel and fell during the Latin War in 340 BC, according to legend (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. Designed the game plan in 55 B…

[German version] [1] Official under Domitian, originally from Egypt Originally from Egypt, perhaps formerly a slave. In Iuvenal 4,108 he is mentioned as a participant in Domitian's consilium on the Albanum (cf. [1. 532, n. 76]: perhaps praef. annonae; [2. 69f.]: courtier). Since Martial 7,99 is addressed to him, he was in any case an influential man at Domitian's court (PIR2 C 1586). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 7 2 B. W. Jones, The Emperor Domitian, 1992. [German version] [2] A. A[..]cius C. (IEphes. III 517; VII 3045) see A.  Larcius Crispinus. Eck, Werner (Cologn…

Roman family name, frequently attested in inscriptions, also in the form Cavius [1. 76f.]; in the Republican period its bearers are still politically insignificant; also a Faliscan praenomen [2. 103]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] G., P. Crucified as a spy of Spartacus 72 BC from Compsa (Lower Italy), was captured and crucified in Sicily in 72 BC by C.  Verres as an alleged spy of the slave leader  Spartacus (Cic. Verr. 2,5,158-170). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] G. Bassus Roman grammarian and antiquarian of the late Republic Roman grammarian and…

[German version] [1] In 88 BC, F. hid the ostracized C. Marius in her house in Minturnae In 88 BC, F. hid the ostracized C. Marius in her house in Minturnae, after he had helped her to win back her dowry in a divorce case in 100 BC against C. Titinius (Val. Max. 8,2,3; Plut. Marius 38,3-9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of Clodius [II 15] Full name perhaps Clodia F. Daughter of the senator and Stoic Clodius [II 15] Thrasea Paetus and of Arria [2]. Wife of Helvidius Priscus, whom she accompanied into exile under Nero and Vespasian. He…

Widespread plebeian gentilicium, verifiable since the 5th cent. BC, alternative form Ateilius, Greek Ἀτείλος, Ἀτίλλιος ( Ateílos, Atíllios; Schulze 151; 440; ThlL 2,1172f.). A M.A. under Tarquinius Priscus (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,62,4) is fictional. The most important families are in the 3rd cent. BC the Atilii Reguli, in the 2nd and 1st cents. the Sarani (in the newer form Serrani). In the imperial era the significance of the bearers of this name declines in public life.   Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] Author of  palliata, 2nd cent. BC Author of  palli…

Roman nomen gentile, in its older form, Papisius (Cic. Fam. 9,21,3), from which one of the 16 old rural tribes ( tribus ) took its name. The patrician gens formed several branches at an early time (5th/4th cents. BC: Crassi, Cursores, Mugillani, 3rd cent.: Masones) who played a significant role in the military successes of the Republic, but became either extinct no later than the 2nd cent. BC or politically insignificant. The younger plebeian branch of the Carbones rose in the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. and gained notoriety…

I Greek [German version] [I 1] Greek rhetor, prob. late 3rd/4th cent. (Τιβέριος/ Tibérios). Greek rhetor, probably of the late 3rd or 4th cents. AD, author of a small surviving treatise on figures (Περὶ τῶν παρὰ Δημοσθένει σχημάτων, Perì tòn parà Demosthénei schēmáton, 'On the figures in Demosthenes'), which uses Apsines as its main source. The latter's dates (1st half of 3rd cent. AD) are thus the only point of reference for dating T. The treatise deals separately with figures of thought (1-22) and figures of speech (23-42; Figures). E…

(Σωσίβιος/ Sōsíbios). [German version] [1] Egyptian statesman, 3rd cent. BC Son of Dioscurides, father of Ptolemaeus [32], Sosibius [2] and Arsinoe [II 5]; from Alexandria; still under Ptolemaeus [6] III he won victories in the diaulos at the Ptolemaia, in the agéneioi ('beardless') wrestling at the Panathenaea and in chariot racing at the Isthmia and Nemea (Callim. fr. 384 Pfeiffer; [1. 144-149; 2. 79-81]). At the time there was already talk of endowments for Zeus Kasios in Pelusium and the Heraeum (of Argos?). S., who was honoured on Delos c. 240 BC (IG XI 4, 649), was probably…

Name of a Roman family (also often given as Vetusius; on the origin of the gens Veturia [1. 284]), for which the tribus Voturia was named [2. 42]. The Veturii played a prominent political role in various phases of the Republic: from the beginning of the Republic to the leges Liciniae Sextiae (367 BC) with the Veturii [I 3-6] Cicurini, in the time between 334 and 321 with V. [I 1], and in the time of the 2nd Punic War with the Veturii [I 7-8] Philones. While the patrician status of the Cicurini and Philones can be regarded as certain (but cf. [3.…

[German version] L. S. Proculus, senator, perhaps of equestrian origin. On his career: AE 1969/70, 601 and IEph VII 1, 3037. After serving as praetor, he became the legate of the procos. of Asia on the insulae Cyclades, probably upon the special request of Marcus Aurelius and Verus, then i uridicus per Flaminiam et Transpadanam, legate of the legio XXX Ulpia in Xanten; praetorian governor of Cilicia, later of Galatia as well. Cos. suff. in c. AD 180. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography Alföldy, Konsulat 200; 345  W. Eck, Zur Verwaltungsgeschichte Italiens unter Marc Aurel, in: ZPE …