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Cassignatus

(61 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] Celtic composite name of uncertain origin [1. 167-171; 2. 165]. Galatian prince, in 180 BC ini- tially rejected by  Eumenes II, but later the leader of two alae of Galatian cavalry on the side of Pergamum and Rome against  Perseus. C. fell 171 BC in the battle by the Callinicus (Pol. 24,8; Liv. 42,57,7-9). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Evans 2 Schmidt.

Childeric I

(222 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) | Pingel, Volker (Bochum)
[German version] Frankish king ( c. 436-482), son of the hḗrōs epónymos Meroveus and father of  Clovis I. (Chlodovechus). C. ruled the Frankish province of Tournai from c. 463, and was frequently victorious as an ally of Rome fighting in northern Gallia against the West Goths and the Saxons. He was probably also entrusted with administrating the province of Belgica II (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9-27; Fredegar 3,11-12 MGH SRM 2). A legend relates that he interrupted his reign with eight years' exile in Thuringia (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,12). C.'s tomb was discovered in 1653 at his capital Tou…

Cerethrius

(31 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Κερέθριος; Keréthrios). Leader of one of the three parts of the Galatian army who plundered Thrace in 280 BC (Paus. 10,19,7).  Belgius;  Brennus [2] Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)

Indutiomarus

(170 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Leader of a delegation of the Allobroges, 1st cent. BC Celtic compound name from -marus ‘great’ [1. 96-98]. Leader of a delegation of the  Allobroges, who accused M.  Fonteius [I 2] in 69 BC in repetundae proceedings ( Repetundarum Crimen). Cicero defended him, evidently with success ( Pro M. Fonteio) [2. 83-104]. Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Evans 2 B. Kremer, Das Bild der Kelten bis in augusteische Zeit, 1994. [German version] [2] Prince of the Treveri, besieged Labienus in 54 BC Prince of the  Treveri, father-in-law and opponent of …

Teutoboduus

(77 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] The name is probably partly Celtic and partly Germanic [1. 202; 2. 277]. King of the Teutoni, who were annihilated in 102 BC by C. Marius [I 1] at Aquae [III 5] Sextiae. T. was captured in flight and in 101 handed over to Marius, who paraded him in his triumphal procession (Flor. Epit. 1,38; Eutr. 5,1,4; Oros. 5,16,11). Germani, Germania; Cimbri Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. Scherrer, Die keltisch-germanischen Namensgleichungen, in: H. Krahe (ed.), FS F. Sommer, 1955, 199-210 2 Schmidt.

Vercondaridubnus

(58 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] Haeduus with a Celtic/Venetian name [1. 291; 2. 280]. C. Iulius V. was the first provincial priest at the Ara Romae et Augusti dedicated by Claudius [II 24] Drusus at Lugdunum/Lyon on 1 August 12 BC (Liv. Per. 139). Haedui; Ruler cult Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schmidt 2 Evans. D. Fishwick, The Imperial Cult in the Latin West, vol. 1.1, 1987, 97-102.

Viridorix

(63 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] Celtic compound name [1. 126]. Chieftain of the Unelli in Venetia, who in 56 BC had a large army assembled from allied tribes and besieged the camp of the Roman legate Q. Titurius Sabinus. By means of a trick, Sabinus managed to defeat and annihilate V.' army (Caes. B Gall. 3,17-19; Cass. Dio 39,45). Caesar (I C); Veneti Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Evans.

Maelo

(98 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Greek Μέλωνος/ Mélōnos; Μαίλος/ Maílos). King of the Sugambri with a Celtic name [1. 374], who is supposed to have started the war against the Romans according to Str. 7,1,4; this probably refers to the defeat of M. Lollius [II 1] in 17/6 BC. After the forced relocation of the Sugambri to the left side of the Rhine (8 BC) he appears to have sought refuge with Augustus (R. Gest. div. Aug. 32). The son of his brother Baetorix, Deidorix, was carried along in the triumphal parade of Germanicus [2]. Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Holder, 2.

Waluburg

(180 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Βαλουβουργ; Baloubourg). Semnonian seer ('Sibyl'), mentioned on an AD 2nd-century óstrakon from Elephantine (in Egypt): Βαλουβουργ Σήνονι σιβύλλᾳ (SB III 6221). The inscription contains a list of people on the staff of the praefectus Aegypti ; W. was therefore in Roman service and may have been responsible for interpreting omens and soothsaying. Her name may trace back to Gothic *walus (pilgrim's/traveller's staff or magic wand). Other Germanic women seers probably also had political roles beyond their tribes, e.g. Ganna, a successor to Veled…

Catumelus

(43 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Catmelus). Celtic name compound ‘ceaseless in battle’ [1. 168]. Gallic prince who commanded a camp of relief troops on the Roman side in the campaign against the Histrians at Lake Timavus in 178 BC (Liv. 41,1,8). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schmidt.

Duratius

(42 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] Celtic composite name: ‘the unfortunate’ [1. 87]. Pro-Roman chieftain of the Pictones, besieged by Dumnacus in 51 BC. His name is attested to on silver coins [2. 431-432].  Dumnacus;  Pictones Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Evans 2 B. Colbert de Beaulieu see Diviciacus [1].

Vercassivellaunus

(62 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Celtic compound name, [1. 120; 2. 291]). Cousin of Vercingetorix and leader of the Arverni. V. was one of the four army leaders who commanded the Gaulish army sent to relieve Alesia in 52 BC. After the defeat of the Gauls he was captured while fleeing (Caes. B Gall. 7,76,3 f.; 7,83,6; 7,85,4; 7,88,4). Commius; Eporedorix [2]; Viridomarus Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Evans 2 Schmidt.

Dumnovellaunus

(105 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Dubnovellaunus; Celtic composite name: ‘he who sees the world’? [1. 196-197; 272-277]). King of some tribes in eastern Kent c. 15 BC ─ c. AD 15 [2. no. 275-291A]. Around the beginning of our era he conquered the territory of the Trinovantes north of the Thames and established himself in Camulodunum. In c. AD 10 he was driven out by Cunobellinus. It is probably this event that caused him to flee to Augustus, who mentions him in his Res Gestae (R. Gest. div. Aug. ch. 32).  Camulodunum;  Cunobellinus Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Evans 2 R. P. Mack, The Coin…

Cingetorix

(169 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
Celtic composite name, ‘Warrior King’ [1. 73-74; 2. 172]. [German version] [1] Pro-Roman chief of the Treveri A pro-Roman chief of the  Treveri, who fought for the tribal leadership against his father-in-law  Indutiomarus. Despite initial successes of C. and his followers, Indutiomarus was able to have him declared a public enemy in 54 BC and to confiscate his estates. After the Treveri's defeat and Indutiomarus' death in 53 BC, Caesar rewarded C. for his loyalty by granting him the highest rank in the tribe (Caes. B Gall. 5,3,2-5; 5,4,3; 5,6,3; 5,57,2; 6,8,9). Spickermann, Wolfgang …

Camma

(61 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Κάμμα; Kámma). Wife of the Galatian tetrarch Sinatus, priestess of Artemis in the 2nd cent. BC. Plutarch notes her as an example of marital love and fidelity because she poisoned the murderer of her husband,  Sinorix, who had forced her to marry him, and herself in the temple (Plut. Mor. 257e-258c; 768b-e; Polyaenus, Strat. 8,39). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)

Critognatus

(101 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Ecritognatus). Celtic composite name with variant readings: ‘knows trembling’ or ‘born to attack’ [1. 78-79; 2. 185]. Arvernian nobleman, who in 52 BC extolled his fellow combatants in besieged Alesia to hold out when the absence of the Gaulish relief army caused serious provisioning difficulties. Caesar (B Gall. 7,77,2-16) relates the full wording of C.'s speech as an example of Gaulish cruelty because he called for eating the bodies of the old and the infirm rather than falling into eternal Roman servitude.  Alesia Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 …

Viridomarus

(127 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
(Viridomaros). Celtic compound name: 'strong hero'? [1. 125]. [German version] [1] Insubran prince, c. 3rd cent. BC Prince of the Insubres, who fell at Clastidium in 222 BC at the hands of the consul M. Claudius [I 11] Marcellus (Liv. Per. 20) [2. 379 f.]. Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) [German version] [2] Haeduan, soldier in Caesar Young man from the tribe of the Haedui of lowly origin who, by the patronage of Diviciacus [2], attained Caesar's high regard. Together with Eporedorix [2], in 52 BC he uncovered Litaviccus' conspiracy. Later he wa…

Gargoris

(85 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] Name derived from an uncertain Indo-European root [1. 118-119]. Legendary king of the Curetes (?) in  Tartessus, who allegedly invented honey gathering. He repeatedly attempted to have his grandson Habis, who was born after a slip by his daughter, killed by wild animals but they spared and even nursed him. G. recognized his growing grandchild and made him his successor (Iust. 44,4,1-14).  Exposure, myths of Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography 1 M. Lourdes Albertos Firmat, La onomastica personal primitiva, 1966. H. J. Rose, Griech. Mythologie, 51978, 2…

Commius

(329 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] Celtic name (‘nicely dressed’?) [1. 335-336]. Caesar installed the Atrebatian C. as king in 56 BC after conquering his tribe. When C. was sent to Britain in 55 BC to persuade the local tribes of entering an alliance with Caesar, he was first put into chains but released upon Caesar's arrival. He served Caesar as leader of the cavalry and as negotiator in Britain and in Gallia and in return was granted rulership over the  Morini and others (Caes. B Gall. 4,21,6-8; 27,2-3; 35,1; 5,22,3; 6,6,4; 7,76,1). In 52 BC, C. changed sides and attempted to come to the aid of  V…

Cambaules

(29 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] (Καμβαύλης; Kambaúlēs). Leader of a Celtic army that invaded Thrace in 281 BC but who had to retreat from there (Paus. 10,19,5-6). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
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