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[German version] From Salamis, Late Hellenistic  Alexander historian, invented a Roman delegation to which  Alexander [4] prophesied Rome's future greatness (FGrH 143). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

[German version] (Ἐρίγυιος; Erígyios). From Mytilene, resident of Amphipolis together with his brother  Laomedon, older than Alexander [4] and was banished in 337/6 BC together with others of his friends from younger days. As the only one of this group he was quickly given a command over troops, led the Greek cavalry near  Issus and  Gaugamela, and later appears as a trusted adviser of the king. He also took on special military tasks, thus e.g. against  Satibarzanes, whom he killed in single combat…

[German version] Amicitia and amicus include also in the Latin personal, philosophical and social-political aspects of friendship. The use of amicitia as an expression of social and political relationships between individuals or states and their introduction under Greek influence ( philia,  Friendship) occurred in philosophy through Cicero, which also allows familiaris to become an unforced designation for a ‘friend’. Amicus and amicitia express within Rome the relationship between high-ranking people of the same rank as well as the connection between the…

[German version] (Σωσθένης/ Sōsthénēs). Macedonian noble. After the death of Ptolemaeus [2] Ceraunus his brother Meleager [5] became king of Macedonia at the beginning of 279 BC, but was deposed just two months later. It became apparent that his successor Antipater, nephew of Cassander, was no match for the Celts and after 45 days he was expelled by S., who managed to overcome the Celtic danger. S. rejected the title of king that was then offered to him and ruled as a stratēgós . When Brennus [2] invaded, Macedonia was again plundered; but when the Celts mov…

[German version] (Δόκιμος; Dókimos). Appointed satrap of Babylon by  Perdiccas in 323 BC (Arr. Succ. 24,3-5). Condemned after Perdiccas' death, he fled to Asia Minor and supported  Alcetas [4] and  Attalus [2] against  Eumenes. Defeated along with his allies by  Antigonus Monophthalmus and imprisoned in a fortress, he betrayed them in an escape attempt and went over to Antigonus (Diod. Sic. 19,16), who quickly promoted him. In Phrygia he founded a city Dokimeion. In 302 he allied himself with Lysimachus (Diod. Sic. 20,107,3). His later history is unknown. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, …

[German version] (Θαῖς/ Thaîs). Famous Athenian hetaíra ( Hetaírai ), eponymous heroine of comedies by Afranius [4] ([1. 229]), Hipparchus [2] and Menander [4] (PCG V 107; VI 2,122-127), all attested by quotations. Allegedly a mistress of Alexander [4] the Great, and later of Ptolemaeus [1] I, the father of her three children (Ath. 13,576d-e). According to Cleitarchus [2] at a feast she was the instigator of the burning of the Royal Buildings at Persepolis, as revenge on Xerxes (as in …

(Γλυκέρα; Glykéra). [German version] [1] Famous Athenian hetaera of the late 4th cent. BC Famous Athenian hetaera ( Hetaerae) of the late 4th cent. BC. After the death of  Pythionike, she was summoned to Tarsus by  Harpalus, who awarded her royal honours. This was met with mockery and contempt by the Greeks. However, Harpalus supported Athens with grain because she acted as an intermediary, and he acquired the citizenship there. G. appears to have accompanied him on his flight and spent the remainder of her l…

[German version] (Πρεπέλαος/ Prepélaos). General in the service of Cassander. In 315 BC he brought Alexander [8] to their side. He and Asander [2] were sent to Asia in 303, where Polemaeus annihilated a company of 8,000 of their army. In 311 he participated in the peace negotiations (OGIS 5, l. 10 and l. 28). In 303, he lost Corinth to Demetrius [I 2]. In 302, Cassander sent him to Asia with reinforcements for Lysimachus [2], where he quickly conquered several cities (cf. Syll.3 353, Ephesus), but lost most of them just as quickly to Demetrius. Perhaps he is the P. honoured in Delphi in c. 287 (Sy…

[German version] (Βάτις; Bátis). Supposedly a eunuch, he was commander of Gaza under Darius. He stopped Alexander the Great at Gaza in 332 BC for two months by keeping up a courageous and hopeless resistance. After the fall of the city, he was gruesomely executed by the victor. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 209.

[German version] Lord of a mountain fortification in  Sogdiana, where many Sogdians fled from  Alexander [4] the Great in 327 BC. It appeared so impenetrable that A. supposedly said that only soldiers with wings could conquer it, but a small unit of skilled climbers managed to scale the peak above the fortress. Thereupon, A. surrendered unconditionally and was executed. Among the refugees who fell into Alexander's hands was  Roxane. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, No. 113.

(Ἀλκέτας; Alkétas). [German version] [1] King of Macedonia King of Macedonia, father of  Amyntas I [1]. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [German version] [2] I, king of the  Molossi (beginning 4th cent. BC) A. I, king of the  Molossi, had to flee to  Dionysius, who tried to lead him back. Once again king, apparently with expanded rulership, he was accepted in 375 BC by  Timotheus into the Athenian League, but subdued in 374 by Iason of Pherae. His coins depict Athena Promachos (P. R. Franke, Die antiken Münzen von Epirus, 1961). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [German version] [3] II, king of…

(Πολυπέρχων/ Polypérchōn). [German version] [1] Commander under Alexander the Great P. (not Polysperchon, cf. OGIS 1, p. 12 n. 14), son of Simmias (Arr. Anab. 2,12,2) from Tymphaea (Tzetz. Schol. Lycoph. 802), leader of the Tymphaean táxis of the pez(h)étairoi under Alexander [4] the Great from 333 BC; able, but never outstanding. According to Curt. 8,5,22-24, his derision (but in Arr. Anab. 4,12,12 that of Leonnatus) thwarted the introduction of the proskýnēsis . According to Curt. 8,11,1, he took Ora in the Swat Valley (in Arr. Anab. 4,27,9 i…

[German version] (Βαρσίνη; Barsínē). Artabazus' daughter, first married to Mentor of Rhodes, then to his brother Memmon. After the battle of Issus, B. was captured in Damascus. She became Alexander the Great's lover and gave birth to his son  Heracles (probably in 327 BC). She and her son returned to Asia Minor, probably soon after Alexander's marriage to Roxane. In 309 she was murdered in Pergamum following  Polyperchon's order. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 206.

[English version] (Βάτις). Angeblich Eunuch, war unter Dareios Kommandant von Gaza, wo er Alexander den Gr. 332 v.Chr. zwei Monate lang durch mutigen und hoffnungslosen Widerstand aufhielt. Nach dem Fall der Stadt wurde er vom Sieger grausam hingerichtet. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 209.

(Γλυκέρα). [English version] [1] Berühmte athenische Hetäre im späten 4. Jh. v. Chr. Berühmte athenische Hetäre (Hetairai) im späten 4. Jh. v.Chr., nach dem Tod der Pythionike von Harpalos nach Tarsos berufen. Harpalos ordnete für sie königliche Ehren an, was bei Griechen Spott und Unwillen erregte. Durch ihre Vermittlung unterstützte er Athen mit Getreide und erwarb dort das Bürgerrecht. Sie scheint ihn bei seiner Flucht begleitet zu haben und verbrachte den Rest ihres Lebens in Athen, wo sie u.a. die Gelie…

(Βαγώας), griech. Name für persische Eunuchen (Plin. nat. 13,41). [English version] [1] Befehlshaber des Artaxerxes Ochos bis 338 v. Chr. ‘Ein äußerst dreister und frevelhafter Mann’ (Diod. 16,47,4); nahm unter Artaxerxes Ochos an der Wiedereroberung Ägyptens teil, wurde Oberbefehlshaber der Oberen Satrapien, dann Chiliarchos (“Herr des Reiches” Diod. 16,50,8). 338 v.Chr. vergiftete er den König und 336 dessen Sohn und Nachfolger Arses und setzte einen Höfling, der den Namen Dareios annahm, auf den Thron. Als er au…

[English version] (Ἐρίγυιος). Aus Mytilene, mit seinem Bruder Laomedon in Amphipolis ansässig, älter als Alexandros [4] und mit anderen von dessen Jugendfreunden 337/6 v.Chr. verbannt. Als einziger dieser Gruppe schnell mit dem Befehl über Truppen betraut, führte er die griech. Kavallerie bei Issos und Gaugamela und erscheint später als vertrauter Ratgeber des Königs. Er übernahm auch mil. Sonderaufträge, so z.B. gegen Satibarzanes, den er im Zweikampf tötete (Arr. an. 3,28,3; Curt. 7,4,32-38). Er starb im Winter 328/7 und wurde mit den höchsten Ehren begraben (Curt. 8,2,40). Bad…

[English version] (Βαρσαέντης). Unter Dareios Satrap von Arachosia und Drangiana; kommandierte bei der Schlacht von Gaugamela die Arachoten und ihnen benachbarte Inder. Mit Bessos und Nabarzanes ermordete er Mitte 330 v.Chr. Dareios, floh dann in seine Satrapie und von dort zu den Indern. Als Alexandros [4] den Indus erreichte, wurde er an ihn ausgeliefert und hingerichtet. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, Nr. 205.

[English version] (Πρεπέλαος). Feldherr im Dienst des Kassandros. 315 v. Chr. brachte er Alexandros [8] auf dessen Seite. Mit Asandros [2] wurde er 303 nach Asien geschickt, wo Polemaios eine Truppe von 8000 Mann aus ihrer Armee vernichtete. 311 wirkte er bei den Friedensverhandlungen mit (OGIS 5, Z. 10 und Z. 28). 303 verlor er Korinthos an Demetrios [2]. 302 schickte ihn Kassandros zur Verstärkung von Lysimachos [2] nach Asien, wo er schnell mehrere Städte eroberte (vgl. Syll.3 353, Ephesos), aber die meisten ebenso schnell an Demetrios verlor. Vielleicht ist er der ca…

[English version] (Κυν(ν)άνη). Tochter von Philippos II. und einer Illyrerin, geb. um 357 v.Chr. Kriegerisch erzogen, soll sie an Philippos' Schlachten teilgenommen haben. 338/7 wurde K. mit Amyntas [4] vermählt und gebar Eurydike [3], mit der sie nach Amyntas' Tod in Makedonien lebte. 322 geleitete K. Eurydike mit einem Heer als Braut für Arridaios [4] nach Asien. K. wurde von Alketas [4] ermordet und von Kassandros königlich bestattet. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, Nr. 456.