Search

Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)" )' returned 143 results. Modify search

Sort Results by Relevance | Newest titles first | Oldest titles first

Caesarius

(708 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Uthemann, Karl-Heinz (Amsterdam)
[German version] [1] Official, 4th cent. AD Hailing from Cilicia, C. was educated in Antioch (Lib. Ep. 1399). He was a brother of  Alypius (Jul. Ep. 9-10). In AD 362-363, he was possibly vicarius Asiae (Lib. Ep. 764; 1384). After the death of  Iulianus, he became comes rerum privatarum (Cod. Theod. 10,1,8) and gained great influence at the court of Valens (Lib. Ep. 1449; 1456). As praef. urbis Constantinopolitanae, C. was taken prisoner by the usurper Procopius in 365 (Amm. Marc. 26,7,4; Zos. 4,6,2) and possibly executed (Them. Or.7,92c). He was the recipient of…

Phaleas

(215 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] (Φαλέας; Phaléas) of Chalcedon. Greek thinker (5th cent. or 1st half of the 4th cent. BC) who concerned himself with polis structures but should probably not be regarded as one of the Sophists. On the basis of the little information that Aristotle [6] (Pol. 2,7,1266a 39-1267b 21; 1274b 9; cf. Diels/Kranz 39,1) provides in a polemical and perhaps distorted form, P. (neglecting warfare) developed a highly differentiated concept of the polis based on the idea - allegedly formulated by…

Dalmatius

(366 words)

Author(s): Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Fl. D. Half-brother of the Emperor Constantine I Son of  Constantius [1] and Theodora, half-brother of Constantine I. Nothing is known of his role in the initial period of Constantine's rule, although presumably he was given Toulouse as his abode during the tensions with Licinius in c. AD 320-324 (Auson. Prof. 16,11-12). Consul in 333, he was sent to Antioch at around the same time with the archaizing title of censor (Athan. c. Ar. 65,1ff.). There he was concerned with murder accusations against Athanasius. In Tarsus he had  Calocaerus burnt to d…

Stratiotika, Stratiotikon

(375 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] (στρατιωτικά, pl. = stratiōtiká, στρατιωτικόν, sing. = stratiōtikón). The stratiotika were financial resources available for military purposes in the city of Athens from a fund (the stratiotikon) which was historically closely connected with the development of the festival fund ( theōrikón ). The stratiotikon probably served the flexible management of expenditure in times of war, freeing it from the rigidity of the usual system for distributing tax incomes ( merismós). The stratiotikon may also have served as a counterweight to the theorikon. The first pieces o…

Ravenna Papyri

(115 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Collection, now dispersed but at the time comprising 61 items, of non-literary Latin texts on papyrus from the period AD 433 - c. 700, the predominant majority of which probably belonged to an archive in Ravenna. The RP are an important source for the social, economic and administrative history of Italy in the transition period from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography J.-O. Tjäder, Die nicht-literarischen Papyri Italiens aus der Zeit 445-700, 2 vols., 1955, 1982  Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. FS zum 100j. Bestehen der Papyrus-Sa…

Asterius

(429 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) | Seibt, Klaus (Leonberg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Ἀστέριος; Astérios). [German version] [1] Cretan epiclesis of Zeus A Cretan epiclesis of Zeus, attested to only in the Byzantine writers; it arose through euhemeristic interpretation of the myth of Asterion [1]. In contrast to this view, evolutionist interpretations regarded him the origin of that hero. Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) Bibliography H. Schwabl, s.v. Zeus I, RE 10 A, 281. [German version] [2] Sophis from Cappadocia Sophist from Cappadocia, belonged to the circle of students of Lucianus of Antioch (martyr AD 312) from whom came the spokesmen for the …

Orestes

(1,134 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Ὀρέστης; Oréstēs). [German version] [1] Son of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra Son of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who took brutal revenge on his mother and her lover Aegisthus for the murder of his father. The story, which is told in the Nostoi (EpGF p. 67,25-27; PEG I p. 95), was already familiar to the author of the Odyssey (Hom. Od. 1,29ff., 298ff.; 3,193ff., 248ff., 303ff.; 4,90-92, 512ff.; 11,387ff.; 24,20ff., 93ff., 192ff.); depending on the context, the story serves as a foil, either negatively for Penelope, the faithful wife (vs. Clytaemnestra…

Lupicinus

(144 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Consul 367 AD Assigned to Iulianus [11] as Magister Equitum per Gallias, L. fought against the Alamanni in AD 359 and against the Scots and Picts in 360. L. was imprisoned by Julian as a potential opponent. Iovianus made him mag. equitum per Orientem in 363. In 365/6 in this office he was involved in the suppression of the usurpation of Procopius against Valens. In 367 Consul. Christ. PLRE 1520f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Comes rei militaris per Thracias in 377 AD Product of the schola gentilium, in AD 377 comes rei militaris per Thracias. L. drove t…

Romulus

(2,313 words)

Author(s): Bendlin, Andreas (Erfurt) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg) | Küppers, Jochem (Düsseldorf)
[German version] [1] Legendary founder of Rome The legendary founder of Rome. Perhaps literally 'the Roman'. A possible correspondence between the Etruscan nomen gentile Rumelna (Volsinii, 6th cent. BC: ET Vs 1,35) and the alleged Roman nomen gentile Romilius - the name is securely attested only in an old tribus Romilia/-ulia (Paul Fest. 331 L.) - and between R. and an Etruscan praenomen * Rumele [1. 31 f.] proves nothing about the historicity of the figure of R. Also problematic is the attempt [2. 491-520; 3. 95-150] to connect the finds from the Roman Mon…

Aetius

(1,578 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) | Runia, David T. (Leiden) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Ἀέτιος; Aétios). [German version] [1] Mythical king of Troezen Son of Anthas, mythical king of Troezen; his successors colonized Halicarnass and Myndus in Caria (Paus. 2,30,8 f.). Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) [German version] [2] Doxographer of 1st cent. AD Doxographer of 1st cent. AD. Although historically elusive, A. played a central role in the doxographic tradition of antiquity, because he wrote the only detailed doxographic manual to have been handed down fairly complete ( Doxography). Large parts of the work can be quite accur…

Deliciae

(381 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] (Also delicia, esp. on inscriptions [2]; but cf. [1. 2437]; see also Plut. Anton. 59,4, delicium, delicati). Children, mostly of unfree origin, who lived in rich households for the entertainment of their owners, particularly during the Imperial period. They were brought up in the paedagogium. The pupulus in Catull. 56,5 might be understood as an early example. They were esp. valued for their garrulitas, their impertinent loquacity (Suet. Aug. 83; Sen. De constantia sapientis 11,3; Stat. Silv. 2,1,45). Beautiful, beardless, long-haired boys (…

Philometor

(201 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Φιλομήτωρ/ Philomḗtōr, lit. 'the mother-lover'). [German version] [1] Cultic sobriquet of Greek rulers Cultic sobriquet of Greek rulers, firstly of Ptolemaeus VI, whose reign began under the regency of his mother. For many of the subsequent kings (e.g. Ptolemaeus VIII, X, XV, Cleopatra [II 12] VII, Antiochus [10] VIII, Demetrius [9] III), the statement of Gutschmid [1. 112] is valid, namely that they ruled at first under the guardianship of their mothers. There are also Egyptian connotations to the name ( Kamutef, 'the bull of his mother' [sc. Isis]), intended to show tha…

Eudocia

(467 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Εὐδοκία; Eudokía). [German version] [1] Aelia Eudocia. Original name Athenais. Came from a traditional background in Athens (her father was the rhetor Leontius) and had an excellent education. Allegedly at the instigation of  Pulcheria, she married  Theodosius II on 7 June 421; she was baptized for this purpose and given the name Aelia E. She was considered pious and increasingly exerted an influence on her husband, pushing aside Pulcheria. In 422 she gave birth to  Eudoxia [2] and before 431 to Flacc…

Theagenes

(873 words)

Author(s): Patzek, Barbara (Wiesbaden) | Matthaios, Stephanos (Cologne) | Beck, Hans (Cologne) | Goulet-Cazé, Marie-Odile (Antony) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Et al.
(Θεαγένης/ Theagénēs). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Megara, 7th cent. BC Tyrant of Megara [2] in the last quarter of the 7th cent. BC; he probably descended from a noble family and maintained hospitality with aristocrats all over Greece. According to a later tradition, when he seized power, he is said to have won the people's confidence in his fight against the city's landowners (by slaughtering their flocks: Aristot. Pol. 5,1305a 21-26) and to have been granted a body guard by the assembly (Aristot. Rh.…

Agricola

(107 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
Cognomen e.g. of the Atilii, Calpurnii, Iulii, Virii. [German version] [1] AD 418 praef. praetorio II in Gallia [1] AD 418 praef. praetorio II in Gallia [1], 421 cos. (PLRE 2, 36 f.) Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Son of the emperor  Avitus, 5th cent. AD Son of the emperor  Avitus (AD 455/6), brother of Ecdicius and Papianilla. He probably held a high office ( vir inlustris), later he became a clergyman; he was correspondent of his brother-in-law  Sidonius Apollinaris (epist. 1,2; 2,12; PLRE 2, 37 A. 2). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 R. v. Haehling, Religio…

Felix

(619 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Fröhlich, Roland (Tübingen) | Et al.
Roman cognomen (‘The Fortunate One’), in the Republican period initially an epithet of the dictator L. Cornelius [I 90] Sulla and his descendants (Cornelius [II 59-61]); in the Imperial period, as a name invoking luck, one of the most common cognomina and the most common slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period Gem-cutter of the Roman Republican period, probably a contemporary of  Dioscurides [8], named together with  Anteros in an inscription as a gemari de sacra via [1. 44 and note 40]. He signed the famous sard…

Nepos

(785 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eigler, Ulrich (Zürich) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Roman cognomen, epithet of Q. Caecilius Metellus N. and his son Roman cognomen (‘grandson’) to distinguish a boy from his father and grandfather of the same name. Epithet of Q. Caecilius [I 28] Metellus N. and his homonymous son [I 29]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 79; 304. [German version] [2] Cornelius N. Biographer and historian, 1st cent. BC ( c. 100-24 BC) represents the dynamic of intellectual culture in Rome during the 1st cent. BC. He hailed from the Transpadana region and was an equestrian. N. …

Maximus

(3,163 words)

Author(s): Trapp, Michael (London) | Hübner, Wolfgang (Münster) | Brisson, Luc (Paris) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum) | Et al.
[German version] I. Greek (Μάξιμος; Máximos) [German version] [I 1] Maximus of Tyre Author of lectures mainly on ethics and theology, 2nd cent. AD, [1] Maximus of Tyrus AD 2nd cent.; author of 41 short dialéxeis (lectures), according to the most important MS (Cod. Parisinus graecus 1962) delivered in Rome (the Suda dates a visit to the reign of Commodus, AD 180-191). His concepts are simple yet rhetorically sophisticated (frequent use of comparisons, quotations from poetry, mythological and historical examples); his main topic is…

Gratianus

(770 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Father of the emperors Valens and Valentinianus The father of emperors  Valens and  Valentinianus. Born near Cibalae. A man of low origins who rose in the military: between AD 305 and 316 he was protector domesticus in Salona, in about 321 tribunus in Illyricum, later comes in Africa and Britain. In 350/1 he was as a private person host to the usurper  Magnentius and was punished with confiscation of his property. His sons arranged for an honourable memorial. PLRE 1, 400f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Flavius G. West-Rom. emperor AD 367-383 Roman emp…

Basilius

(1,337 words)

Author(s): Markschies, Christoph (Berlin) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich) | Et al.
(Βασιλεῖος; Basileîos). [German version] [1] Basil the Great Theologian and bishop of Caesarea/Cappadocia. Markschies, Christoph (Berlin) [German version] A. Biography B. (born around 329/330 as the son of a Christian senatorial family who owned large estates) together with his younger brother  Gregorius of Nyssa and his friend  Gregorius of Nazianze were called the three great Cappadocians. His grandmother gave him his first introduction to the Bible and theology along the lines of Origenism. His education contin…

Syagrius

(213 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Procos. Africae in 379 AD In AD 379 procos. Africae, in 380-382 praetorian prefect, in 381 cos. The assignment of offices is debatable, since S. [2] became prominent at the same time. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Correspondent of Q. A. Symmachus [4] Eusebius, 4th cent. In AD 369 dishonourably dismissed as a notarius; in 379-381 (?) magister officiorum, in 381 city prefect in Rome, in 382 cos. Correspondent of Q. A. Symmachus [4] Eusebius. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography Clauss, 192 f.  A. Demandt, Die Konsuln der Jahre 381 und 382…

Ex(s)uperantius

(56 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] see  Iulius E. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Praef. praet. Galliarum AD 424/5 Originally from Poitiers; after internal unrest in AD 417, he tried to restore order in Aremorica. In 424/5 praef. praet. Galliarum, he was beaten to death during a mutiny in Arelate. PLRE 2, 448. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Victorius

(100 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Gallo-Roman friend of Sidonius Apollinaris. Although Catholic, from about AD 471 he was in the service of the Arian Visigoth Euricus. There is evidence of his holding the titles dux and comes . He had responsibility super septem civitates in Aquitania I and after the latter was subjugated by the Visigoths from c. 475 also for Augustonemetum (Clermont). V. came to prominence by endowing churches. His autocratic tendencies and his dissipated way of life made him suspect, so that he ran away to Rome, where he was murdered (in 479?) (PLRE 2, 1162-1164, no. 4). Leppin, Hartmut…

Maiorianus

(312 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Iulius M. Emperor in the West in 457-461 AD In AD 457-461 emperor in the West. He served under Aetius [2] in Gaul, retired to his estates and probably served as comes domesticorum at least with Valentinianus III. With Ricimer he brought about the overthrow of Avitus [1]. The East Roman emperor named him military commander and on 28 December 457 he was declared to be Augustus (on the date [1. 180-188]; against a step-by-step appointment [1. 185f.]). He emphasized the support for him in the Senate and military …

Aurelianus

(953 words)

Author(s): Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Aurelius A. Cos. suff. 180/182 AD Praetorian legate of Arabia under two Augusti (AE 1965, 23); cos. suff. between AD 180 and 182 (CIL VIII 10570=ILS 6870). PIR2 A 1424. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [2] Consular senator, executed around 217/18 AD Consular senator. His execution, demanded by the soldiers, was at first refused by Emperor  Macrinus (217-18) (Cass. Dio 78,12,4), but was probably carried out soon thereafter (Cass. Dio 78,19,1). PIR2 A 1425. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [German version] [3] Imperator Caes. L. Domitius A. Augustus Born…

Hellebic(h)us

(85 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Bearer of a Germanic name; attested as comes et magister utriusque militiae per Orientem from AD 383 to 387; a proponent of euergetism in Antioch. Together with  Caesarius [3], in 387 conducted the investigations after the Antioch statue revolt.  Libanius thanked him with a panegyric for having achieved lenient actions (Or. 22). H. corresponded with Libanius (Ep. 2; 868; 884; 898; 925) and  Gregorius [3] of Nazianzus (Ep. 225). Probably a Christian [1]. (PLRE 1,277f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 v. Haehling 265-267.

Spectacles

(2,627 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
I. Principal types [German version] A. Greece Fundamental to Greek spectator events was the distinction between gymnic, hippic and musical agons (Competitions, artistic). All games emerged from cult, whether of the dead or of the gods. They remained connected with the cult and took place in conjunction with festivals (Festivals, ‘Festival culture’). The presentation of gymnic and hippic games (e.g. chariot races, Hom. Il. 23,257-538; Sports festivals), and of choral agons (Hom. Od. 8,256-366) is already found in Homer. Hesiod attests to a musical agon (Hes. Op. 650-659). In the Arc…

Volusianus

(331 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Roman emperor AD 251-253 Imp. Caes. C. Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumnianus V. P. F. Invictus Aug. (RIC 4,3, 173-189). Roman emperor from the middle of AD 251 until the middle of 253. Born c. 230 in Perusia (?), the son of Trebonianus Gallus and Afinia Gemina Baebiana. After the battle of Abritus against the Goths and the death of Decius [II 1], the legions proclaimed him and his father emperor in June 251 (Eutr. 9,5; Zon. 12,21 D.); at the same time, he was appointed Caesar by his father (Aur. Vict. Caes. 30)…

Constantinus

(2,742 words)

Author(s): Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich)
[German version] [1] C. I. The Great, Roman Emperor AD 306-337 ‘the Great’, Roman emperor from AD 306-337. Born c. 275 (Euseb. Vita Const. 4,53; Aur. Vict. Caes. 41,16; [Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 41,15, differently Euseb. Vita Const. 2,51) at Naïssus (Anon. Vales. 2) the son of Constantius [1] I and of Helena. After his father was made Caesar, Constantine served on the staff of  Diocletian and of  Galerius (Pan. Lat. 7[6] 5,3; Lactant. De mort. pers. 18,10; Anon. Vales. 2). In 305 he left the court of Galerius to jo…

Placidia

(163 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] See Galla [3] Placidia See Galla [3] Placidia. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [German version] [2] Relative of the imperial family (5th cent. AD) Younger daughter of Valentinianus [4] III and Eudoxia [2], b. AD 441/2. First betrothed to the son of Aetius [5], Petronius Maximus [II 8] apparently forced her into a marriage with his son ([2. 180f.]). In 455, she was taken hostage by the Vandals as they overran Rome; she was released to Constantinople in 462. Probably already married to Anicius [II 15] Olyb…

Marcellinus

(1,752 words)

Author(s): Nutton, Vivian (London) | Damschen, Gregor (Halle/Saale) | Baumbach, Manuel (Zürich) | Wermelinger, Otto (Fribourg) | Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg) | Et al.
[German version] I. Greek (Μαρκελλῖνος; Markellînos). [German version] [I 1] Greek author of a treatise on pulses, 2nd cent. AD?, [1] Greek author of a treatise on pulses. His reference to followers of Archigenes suggests the late 1st or 2nd cent. AD as the earliest date of its composition. A more precise dating would be possible if he were the author of a recipe quoted by Galen (De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos 7,5 = 13,90 K.) from Andromachus [5] the Younger, but the identification is uncertain. M.'s …

Eucherius

(333 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Berschin, Walter (Heidelberg)
[German version] [1] Uncle of emperor Theodosius I Flavius E. was an uncle of emperor Theodosius I (Them. Or. 16,203d). He is possibly identical with the comes sacrarum largitionum of AD 377-379 (Cod. Theod. 1,32,3; 10,20,9). In 381 he was consul (Them. ibid.). He was still alive in 395 (Zos. 5,2,3). PLRE 1, 288 E. (2). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Son of Stilicho, about AD 390 Flavius E., the son of  Stilicho and Serena, born AD 389 in Rome. He first lived in Constantinople, then at the court of  Honorius, where he became tribunus et notarius. In 400 he became engaged wi…

Lucianus

(4,158 words)

Author(s): Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Markschies, Christoph (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Λουκιανός; Loukianós). [German version] [1] L. of Samosata Greek rhetorical-satirical writer, 2nd cent. AD Important Greek rhetorical-satirical writer of the Roman Imperial period. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) [German version] A. Life and career L. was born between AD 115 and 125 [4. 8] in Samosata on the Euphrates, on the eastern edge of Roman Syria. Περὶ τοῦ ἐνυπνίου ἦτοι Βίος Λουκιανοῦ (‘The Dream, or Lucian's Life’, Somn.) portrays vividly (but not necessarily truthfully) L.'s decision for an education modelled on the example of the great classical authors ( paideía)…

Castinus

(82 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Flavius C., in 420/21 worked as a comes domesticus in Gaul; in 422 as mag. militum of the  Honorius he unsuccessfully fought the Vandals at the Baetica, he fell out with  Bonifatius who evaded him and went to Africa. In 423 C. probably supported the usurpation of  Iohannes and remained in office, becoming cos. in 424 but achieving no recognition in the East [1. 383]. Later C. fled -- supposedly to Africa (PLRE 2, 269f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 Bagnall.

Marinus

(2,215 words)

Author(s): Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg) | Saffrey, Henri D. (Paris) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Et al.
[German version] I. Greek (Μαρῖνος; Marînos). [German version] [I 1] M. of Tyre Greek geographer, 2nd cent. AD Greek geographer, known only through his immediate successor Claudius Ptolemaeus, who mentions M. as a source in his ‘Introduction to the Representation of the Earth (γεωγραφικὴ ὑφήγησις/ geōgraphikḗ hyphḗgēsis, = ‘G.). Arabic texts which mention M. all trace back to the ‘G. [8. 189]. Place names used by M. allow his work to be dated to between AD 107 and 114/5; cities are mentioned with the name of Trajan refering to his Dacian Wars (ended AD 107…

Africanus

(177 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
Originally the epithet of a victor, first assumed by P. Cornelius Scipio A. (Maior) after the victory over Carthage in 201 BC (Liv. 30,45,6), then assumed by his adoptive son P. Cornelius Scipio A. (Minor), cos. 147; later as surname also in other families [1]. In the imperial era surname of the emperors Gordian I and II, Justinian I and Flavius Mauricius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Greek doctor 2nd or 1st cent. BC Greek doctor of the 2nd or 1st cent. BC, who dedicated a few of his prescriptions to a king Antigonus [1]. Not to be confused with a…

Panodorus

(74 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Monk from Alexandria who lived in around AD 400. Following on from Sextus Iulius Africanus and Eusebius [7], both of whose works he also revised, he wrote a history of the world, the influence of which is evident in George Syncellus [2], although there is disagreement as to its precise significance. P. was particularly interested in questions concerning the dating of events. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography W. Adler, Time Immemorial, 1989, 72ff.

Hesperius

(70 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Decimius Hilarianus H., son of  Ausonius. One of those family members who profited from Ausonius' proximity to emperor  Gratianus [2]. In AD 376/7 documented as proconsul Africae and 377-380 as Praetorian Prefect in the West with varying jurisdiction. Corresponded with Symmachus (Epist. 1,75-88). Epist. 19/20 Mondin (= 16/18 Prete) by Ausonius are addressed to him. Probably a Christian [1]. PLRE 1,427f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 v. Haehling, 298f.

Gomoarius

(79 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Of Germanic descent; tribunus scutariorum in AD 350.; a follower of  Vetranio, whom he betrayed to  Constantius [2] II. In 360 magister militum of the emperor  Iulianus; when the emperor removed him from office in the following spring, G. switched his allegiance to Constantius II. In 365/366, G. served as magister militum of the usurper  Procopius, in whose defeat G.'s switch of allegiance to  Valens played a decisive part. PLRE 1, 397f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Edobicus

(60 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] Franc, mag. militum of  Constantinus [3] III, whom he freed from Valencia in AD 407. E. tried to win the Germani as allies. During his attempt to relieve the usurper who was besieged in Arelate, he was defeated by  Constantius [6] III and Ulfila, and was killed while attempting to escape in 411. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Valens

(948 words)

Author(s): Franke, Thomas (Bochum) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Letsch-Brunner, Silvia (Zürich)
[German version] [1] Rival emperor to Gallienus, 3rd cent. AD As proconsul of Achaia, V. had himself proclaimed rival emperor to Gallienus in AD 261 in Macedonia. Although he defeated Piso, who was sent there against him (PIR2 C 298), he was soon murdered by his own troops (Aur. Vict. Epit. Caes. 32,4; Amm. Marc. 21,16,10; SHA Tyr. Trig. 19; 21; SHA Gall. 2,2 f.). Franke, Thomas (Bochum) Bibliography Kienast 2 227  PIR V 7  PLRE 1, 929 f. [German version] [2] Flavius Valens Eastern Roman emperor AD 364-378. Born in 321 in Cibalae (Illyria), of lowly origins and without a prof…

Olympias

(742 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Brändle, Rudolf (Basle) | Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim)
(Ὀλυμπιάς; Olympiás). [German version] [1] Daughter of Neoptolemus Daughter of Neoptolemus [2], born in about 375 BC. She was not given the name O. until after the Olympic victory of Philippus II in 356 BC (cf. Plut. Mor. 401b). She married Philip in 357 as his fifth wife (Ath. 13,557b) and bore him Alexander [4] the Great (356) and Cleopatra [II 3]. The birth of a successor elevated O.'s status, but there is no evidence of any political influence. After Philip's marriage to Cleopatra [II 2] she fled to…

Praetextatus

(153 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
Roman cognomen ('boy dressed in a toga praetexta'). Epithet of L. Papirius [I 23] P. and in the Sulpicii family (Sulpicius); widespread in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Vettius Agorius P. Praefectus Urbi AD 265-267 c. AD 320-384. Having started his career as quaestor and praetor, he became corrector Tusciae et Umbriae before 362, as a favourite of Iulianus [11] proconsul Achaiae in 362/4, praefectus urbi in Rome in 365/7, then a praetorian prefect of Illyria, Italia, and Africa; designated a consul in 384; several times …

Dardanus

(1,277 words)

Author(s): Scheer, Tanja (Rome) | Harrauer, Christine (Vienna) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto) | Schwerteck, Hans (Tübingen) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Δάρδανος; Dárdanos). [German version] [1] Son of Zeus Son of Zeus, who of all his mortal sons loved this one the most (Hom. Il. 20,215; 304), and either a mortal mother or the Atlantid Electra/Elektryone (Hes. fr. 177/80 MW; Hellanic. FGrH 4 F 23). Eponymous hero of the  Dardani, who lived on Mt Ida, and in Homer are linked with the Trojans and frequently synonymous with them. D. is the progenitor of the Trojan ruling dynasty. Possibly mentioned in the Ilioupersis, he originates from Arcadia, where he is supposed to have been born in a…

Clearchus

(1,254 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Et al.
(Κλέαρχος; Kléarchos). [German version] [1] Bronze sculptor from Rhegion Bronze sculptor from Rhegion. Because of his statue of Zeus Hypatus in Sparta, a   sphyrelaton according to the description, C. was wrongly considered the inventor of bronze statues by Pausanias. According to tradition he was a student of  Dipoenus and Scyllis or of  Daedalus as well as the teacher of  Pythagoras and, therefore, was active in the 2nd half of the 6th cent. BC. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography Overbeck No. 332f., 491 P. Romanelli, in: EAA 4, 365f. J. Papadopoulos, Xoana e sphyrelata, 1980, 82 Fuchs/Floren 428. [German version] [2] Spartan, lost his fleet in a storm in 411 BC, later mercenary leader Spartan, son of Ramphias. When the naúarchos (commander of the fleet) Astyochus sent him in 411 BC from Miletus to the Hellespont with 40 triremes, C. lost the bulk of his fleet in a storm and arrived at his goal by land (Thuc. 8,39,2; 80). In the spring of 410 on the initiative of Agis [2] II he was given the assignment of protecting the Byzantines, who had broken with Athens and whose   próxenos he was (Xen. Hell. 1,1,36). The polis was taken by treason when C. wanted to obtain subsidies from Pharnabazus (Xen. Hell. 1,3,15-22). In 403, when unrest and Thracian attacks threatened Byzantium, C. again became harmostḗsharmostai ) but was cast out by Spartan troops because of his draconic rule. Sentenced to death, he fled to  Cyrus [3] the Younger, whom he served as mercenary leader against the Thracians and in 401, with apparent Spartan approval, as leader of the Greek mercenaries in his campaign against Artaxerxes [2] (Diod. Sic. 14,12,2-9; Xen. An. 1,1,9; Polyaenus, Strat. 2,2,6-10; Plut. Artaxerxes 6). Despite his success as the commander of the right wing at Cunaxa, C. was unable to prevent the defeat and death of Cyrus (Plut. Artaxerxes 8). As the recognized leader of the Greek mercenaries after the battle, C. was lured into a trap by Tissaphernes and killed on the orders of Artaxerxes (Xen. An. 1,2,9-2,6,1). C. was a seasoned leader of troops (Xen. An. 2,6,2-15), but fell prey to the temptations of power when Sparta acquired political responsibility in the Greek sphere aft…

Eusebius

(2,172 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg) | Markschies, Christoph (Berlin) | Gruber, Joachim (Munich) | Et al.
(Εὐσέβιος; Eusébios). [German version] [1] Flavius Eusebius Consul AD 347 Mention is made in the statute Cod. Theod. 11,1,1 of AD 360 of the former cos. et mag. equitum et peditum Eusebius. This probably refers to cos. E. of 347, who may perhaps be identified as the father of the empress Eusebia [1] (cf. Julian Or. 3,107d-110d). PLRE 1, 307f. Eusebius (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [German version] [2] Eusebius Roman official about AD 355 Son of E. [1]. Like his brother Hypatius, he enjoyed the patronage of his sister  Eusebia [1] (cf. Julian Or. 3,116a). In AD 355 he was consularis Hellespon…

Florentinus

(324 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] [1] Gaulish correspondent of Symmachus Came from a Gaulish family; correspondent of Symmachus (Epist. 4,50-57), probably a pagan. In AD 379 he probably held the notary's office. It is doubtful whether he is identical with the homonymous comes sacrarum largitionum [1. 100-103]; in 395 quaestor sacri cubiculi; from 395 to 397, thus for an unusually long time, attested as praefectus urbi Romae, proved successful during a famine. Claudian [2] dedicated the second book of De raptu Proserpinae to him (praef. 50). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 Delmaire. PLRE…

Marcianus

(1,758 words)

Author(s): Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Franke, Thomas (Bochum) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (Munich)
[German version] [1] Greek geographer from Heraclea, between AD 200 and 530, Marcianus I Greek [1] (Μαρκιανός; Markianós). Geographer from Heraclea [7] between AD 200 (he used the geographer Protagoras) and 530 (he is often quoted by Steph. Byz.), possibly after 400 (GGM 1, CXXX; [2. 272; 3. 997; 6. 156f.]) or even closer to Steph. Byz. [1. 46]. Personal information about him is not available. Only 21 quotes from his Epitome of the eleven books of the Geōgraphía by Artemidorus [3] of Ephesus have been handed down by Steph. Byz. and one as Schol. Apoll. Rhod. 3,859 (GGM 1,…

Didymus

(1,946 words)

Author(s): Montanari, Franco (Pisa) | Zaminer, Frieder (Berlin) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Δίδυμος; Dídymos). [1] of Alexandria Important Greek grammarian of the latter half of the 1st cent. BC [German version] A. Philological activity The most important Greek grammarian of the latter half of the 1st cent. BC. The biographical entry in the Suda (δ 872) tells us that he was still alive in the reign of Augustus, and mentions a nickname ‘Chalkenteros’ (Χαλκέντερος, ‘Brazen-guts’, cf. the Suda ι 399, χ 29). To his strong constitution he attributed an untiring assiduity that extended to different branches of p…

Bonifatius

(349 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Bloch, René (Berne)
[German version] [1] Defended Marseille against Athaulf 413 AD B. distinguished himself in AD 413 in the defence of Marseilles against Athaulf ( Ataulfus), attested as tribune in Africa from AD 416/17, perhaps praepositus limitis; from AD 423 comes Africae. As he acted independently, he was suspected time and again of disloyalty to  Valentinianus III, and this led to military conflicts in 427-429; publicly confirmed by the emperor as comes in 429. At the same time B. was accused of having invited the Vandals into the country so as to defend his own position; he …

Mavortius

(76 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] [1] Vettius Agorius Basilius M. cos. AD 527, Consul AD 527. M. lived in the Ostrogoth kingdom and played an important role for the transmission of literary texts. He is attested as an editor of Horace and Prudentius. He probably wrote the Iudicium Paridis (Anth. Lat. 1,10), perhaps also the Cento de ecclesiis (Anth. Lat. 1,16). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography PLRE 2, 736f. [German version] [2] see Lollianus [7] see Lollianus [7]

Aelia

(294 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] [1] Second wife of Sulla Second wife of Sulla (Plut. Sull. 6,20). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Galla Wife of one Postumus (Augustan period) Wife of one Postumus = ? C. Propertius Postumus, Prop. 3,12,38; related to members of the senatorial Aelii of the Augustan period [1; 2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Paetina, second wife of  Claudius Ae. Paetina. Probably daughter of Sex. Aelius Catus; second wife of  Claudius, who separated from her (Suet. Claud. 26,2). They had a daughter  Antonia [5].  Narcissus …

Symmachus

(1,389 words)

Author(s): Simons, Roswitha (Düsseldorf) | Lehnardt, Andreas | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Zelzer, Michaela (Vienna) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[German version] I. Greek (Σύμμαχος/ Sýmmachos). [German version] [I 1] Author of a commentary on Aristophanes, 1st half of the 2nd cent. No later than the first half of the 2nd cent. AD (citation in Herodian. 2,945-946 Lentz); author of a commentary on Aristophanes [3], frequently used in Late Antiquity and Byzantine scholia literature ( subscriptio Schol. Aristoph. Av.; Nub.; Pax). It remains unclear whether S. also commented on comedies which do not survive [2. 1138 f.]. Of the 41 (factual) explanations attributed to S. by name in the Aristophane…

Chrysaphios

(119 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] (Χρυσάφιος). Chrysaphius qui et Ztummas, Eunuch. Unter Theodosius II. praepositus sacri cubiculi, als erster Eunuch auch als spatharius bezeugt. Ihm wird nach dem Sturz des Kyros ein maßgeblicher Einfluß auf den Kaiser zugeschrieben; er soll sämtliche Konkurrenten auch mit unlauteren Mitteln zurückgedrängt haben. 449 n.Chr. plante Ch. einen Mordanschlag auf Attila, der jedoch publik wurde. Er besaß Einfluß genug, um der Auslieferung an die Hunnen zu entgehen. Im nestorianischen Streit unterstützt…

Dardanus

(91 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Claudius Postumus D. consularis Viennensis, mag. libellorum, quaestor sacri palatii, praef. praet. Galliarum, patricius. Als Praetorianerpraefekt brachte er 412/3 n.Chr. Athaulf dazu, auf der Seite des Honorius gegen Iovinus zu kämpfen; er ermordete den gefangenen Usurpator. Die Datierung seiner zweiten Praefektur ist strittig (401/04 oder 406/07 n.Chr. in der PLRE, E. 415 n.Chr. nach [1]). D. war Christ, Korrespondent von Hieronymus und Augustin. Er zog sich in eine vielleicht unter dem Einfluß Augustins Theopolis (“Gottesstadt”) genannte Siedlung zu…

Lucianus

(64 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Sohn des Praetorianerpraefekten Florentius [1], 388 n.Chr. consularis Syriae, Gegner des Tatianus; erregte verschiedentlich Anstoß, was zu seiner Amtsenthebung führte. 393 dank Rufinus comes Syriae, soll aber aufgrund eines Konfliktes mit dem Onkel Theodosius' I., Eucherius, im Auftrag eben des Rufinus 393 oder 395 umgebracht worden sein. Lib. or. 56 ist gegen ihn gerichtet; Christ. PLRE 1,516f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Olympias

(678 words)

Author(s): Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Nutton, Vivian (London) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Brändle, Rudolf (Basel) | Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim)
(Ὀλυμπιάς). [English version] [1] Tochter des Neoptolemos [2] Tochter des Neoptolemos [2], geb. um 375 v.Chr. Den Namen O. erhielt sie erst nach dem Olympischen Sieg des Philippos II. im J. 356 v.Chr. (vgl. Plut. mor. 401b). Sie heiratete Philippos 357 als seine fünfte Gemahlin (Athen. 13,557b) und gebar ihm Alexandros [4] d.Gr. (356) und Kleopatra [II 3]. Die Geburt eines Nachfolgers erhöhte O.' Stellung, doch ist polit. Einfluß nicht nachzuweisen. Nach Philippos' Eheschließung mit Kleopatra [II 2] flo…

Anicius

(1,162 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
Name eines aus Praeneste stammenden Geschlechtes, das dort bereits in republikanischer Zeit bezeugt ist. Ein Anicier gelangt 160 v. Chr. zum Konsulat (s. [I 4]), sonst trat das Geschlecht in der Republik nicht weiter hervor. In der Kaiserzeit jedoch blühte die Gens, in nachdiokletianischer Zeit bis ins 4. Jh. n. Chr. als stadtröm. Familie, um dann, von den Angehörigen der weiblichen Linie fortgeführt, als christl. Adel zu höchster Bed. im 5. Jh. zu gelangen [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] A., C. Senator (Mitte 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Senator un…

Agricola

(110 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
Cognomen z. B. bei den Atilii, Calpurnii, Iulii, Virii. [English version] [1] 418 n. Chr. praef. praetorio II in Gallien [1] 418 n. Chr. praef. praetorio II in Gallien [1], 421 cos. (PLRE 2, 36 f.) Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] Sohn des Kaisers Avitus, 5. Jh. Sohn des Kaisers Avitus (455/6 n. Chr.), Bruder des Ecdicius und der Papianilla. Er bekleidete wohl ein hohes Amt ( vir inlustris), später wurde er Geistlicher; er war Korrespondent seines Schwagers Sidonius Apollinaris (epist. 1,2; 2,12; PLRE 2, 37 A. 2). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 R. v. Haehling, R…

Bonifatius

(323 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Bloch, René (Princeton)
[English version] [1] Verteidigte 413 n. Chr. Marseille gegen Athaulf B. tat sich 413 n.Chr. bei der Verteidigung von Marseille gegen Athaulf (Ataulfus) hervor, seit 416/7 n.Chr. in Africa als Tribun bezeugt, vielleicht praepositus limitis; seit etwa 423 comes Africae. Da er unabhängig agierte, stand er immer wieder im Verdacht, gegenüber Valentinianus III. illoyal zu sein, was 427-429 zu mil. Auseinandersetzungen führte; offenbar 429 vom Kaiser als comes bestätigt. B. wurde dabei nachgesagt, die Vandalen ins Land gerufen zu haben, um seine eigene Position zu s…

Honorius

(675 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin)
[English version] [1] (Groß-)Vater des Kaisers Theodosius I. Bei [Aur. Vict.] Epit. Caes. 48,1 als Vater des Kaisers Theodosius I. bezeichnet, dürfte aber sein Großvater gewesen sein. PLRE 1,441. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] Älterer Bruder Theodosius' I. Älterer Bruder Theodosius' I., verh. wohl mit Maria, Tochter war Serena; beide wurden in den Haushalt des Kaisers aufgenommen wurden. PLRE 1,441. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [3] Flavius H. Weström. Kaiser 393-423 n. Chr., puer nobilissimus weström. Kaiser 393-423 n.Chr., wurde am 9.9…

Caesarius

(643 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Uthemann, Karl-Heinz (Amsterdam)
[English version] [1] Amtsträger (4. Jh. n. Chr.) Aus Kilikien stammend, wurde C. in Antiochia ausgebildet (Lib. epist. 1399). Er war Bruder des Alypios (Iul. epist. 9-10). 362-363 war er evtl. vicarius Asiae (Lib. epist. 764; 1384). Nach dem Tode des Iulianus wurde er comes rerum privatarum (Cod. Theod. 10,1,8) und gewann großen Einfluß am Hof des Valens (Lib. epist. 1449; 1456). 365 wurde C. als praef. urbis Constantinopolitanae durch den Usurpator Prokop gefangen (Amm. 26,7,4; Zos. 4,6,2) und evtl. umgebracht (Them. or.7,92c). Er war Empfänger zahlreicher Bri…

Eutychianus

(123 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Röm. Offizier aus Kappadokien, Augenzeuge des Perserkrieges von 363 n. Chr. Nach Malalas (p. 332,9ff.) röm. Offizier aus Kappadokien, der in einem annalistischen Werk Iulians Perserkrieg von 363 n.Chr. als Augenzeuge beschrieben hat (FHG 4,6). Person und Werk sind evtl. Fiktion (vgl. FGrH II B 226, p. 638f.). PLRE 1, 319 E. (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Praef. praet. 396/7 n. Chr. Praef. praet. ( Illyrici?) 396/7 n.Chr.; praef. praet. Orientis 397-399; II 404/5; cos. 398. Strittig ist seine Identifizierung mit Typhos aus Synesi…

Klearchos

(1,139 words)

Author(s): Neudecker, Richard (Rom) | Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) | Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) | Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) | Hidber, Thomas (Bern) | Et al.
(Κλέαρχος). [English version] [1] Bronzebildner aus Rhegion, 2. H. 6. Jh. v. Chr. Bronzebildner aus Rhegion. Aufgrund seiner Statue des Zeus Hypatos in Sparta, nach der Beschreibung ein Sphyrelaton, wurde K. von Pausanias fälschlich als der Erfinder von Bronzestatuen bezeichnet. Nach der Überl. sei er Schüler von Dipoinos und Skyllis oder von Daidalos sowie Lehrer von Pythagoras gewesen und war somit in der 2. H. des 6. Jh.v.Chr. tätig. Neudecker, Richard (Rom) Bibliography Overbeck Nr. 332f., 491  P. Romanelli, in: EAA 4, 365f.  J. Papadopoulos, Xoana e sphyrelata, 1980, 82  Fuchs/…

Anatolios

(258 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[English version] [1] praefectus praetorio für Illyrien, Jurist aus Berytos, 356-360 Jurist aus Berytos. Empfänger zahlreicher Briefe des Libanios. Von 356/7 n. Chr. bis zu seinem Tode (360) war er praefectus praetorio für Illyrien. Zuvor war er consularis Syriae (evtl. 349), vicarius Asiae (352) und procos. urbis Constantinopolitanae (354). 355 lehnte er es ab, praefectus urbi Romae zu werden (Lib. epist. 391). Er ist vielleicht identisch mit dem Agrarschriftsteller Vindonius Anatolius. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Mag. utriusque mil. praesentalis (s…

Aurelianus

(885 words)

Author(s): Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Aurelius A. Consul suff. zw. 180/182 n. Chr. Prätorischer Legat Arabiens unter zwei Augusti (AE 1965, 23); cos. suff. zw. 180/182 n.Chr. (CIL VIII 10570=ILS 6870). PIR2 A 1424. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [English version] [2] Konsularer Senator, Hinrichtung ca. 217/8 n. Chr. Konsularer Senator. Seine von den Soldaten geforderte Hinrichtung wurde von Kaiser Macrinus (217-18) zunächst verweigert (Cass. Dio 78,12,4), aber wohl doch bald darauf vollzogen (Cass. Dio 78,19,1). PIR2 A 1425. Birley, A. R. (Düsseldorf) [English version] [3] Imperator Caes. L. Dom…

Donatus

(1,673 words)

Author(s): Brennecke, Hanns (Erlangen/Nürnberg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Gatti, Paolo (Trient) | Pollmann, Karla (St. Andrews)
[1] D. von Karthago, Donatisten [English version] A. Definition Donatismus ist die polemisch abwertende Bezeichnung für eine ethisch radikale, an traditionelle Elemente der afrikanischen Kirche anknüpfende christl. Bewegung im röm. Nordafrika im 4.-7. Jh.n.Chr. Sie führte in den Auseinandersetzungen über die Konsequenzen aus der diokletianischen Christenverfolgung, d.h. um die Frage, wie mit Laien und Klerikern zu verfahren sei, die den staatlichen Behörden nachgegeben hatten und in irgendeiner Weise zu lapsi (“Abgefallenen”) geworden waren, z.B. Heilige Schrifte…

Marinus

(214 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (München)
[English version] [1] milit. Funktionsträger, 413 n.Chr. Besiegte als comes (Africae?) 413 n.Chr. Heraclianus, exekutierte das Todesurteil gegen ihn und ging gegen dessen Anhänger mit großer Härte vor, u.a. wurde Marcellinus [12] hingerichtet. Wohl noch 413 selbst seines Amtes enthoben. Christ. Seine Identität mit dem in Cod. Theod. 15,11,1 erwähnten Maurianus (PLRE 2, 737) ist fraglich. PLRE 2, 724. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] Praefectus praetorio, 512-515/17 und 519 n.Chr. M. aus Apameia (Syrien). Oström. Beamter, Anhänger der monophysitische…

Gomoarius

(61 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Germanischer Herkunft; 350 n.Chr. tribunus scutariorum; Anhänger des Vetranio, den er an Constantius [2] II. verriet. 360 magister militum des Caesars Iulianus; im Frühjahr 361 durch diesen abgesetzt, ging er zu Constantius II. über. 365/6 magister militum des Usurpators Prokopios, zu dessen Niederlage er durch seinen Abfall zu Valens entscheidend beitrug. PLRE 1, 397f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Aetius

(466 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Prätorianerpräfekt 425 n.Chr. 420 n. Chr. praef. urbis Constantinopoleos und 425 praef. praetorio; zw. 395-401 war er vielleicht proc. Achaeae. Wohl noch als praef. urbis legte er 421 eine Zisterne in Konstantinopel an (PLRE 2, 19 f., vgl. 30). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] mag. utriusque militiae praesentalis (429-454 n. Chr.) Geb. um 390 n. Chr. als Sohn des mag. equitum Gaudentius, christl., als Jugendlicher Geisel bei den Westgoten und den Hunnen. Seine guten Kontakte zu den Hunnen blieben lan…

Didymus

(69 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Köln) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Sklave des Kaisers Tiberius Sklave von Kaiser Tiberius, der den Germanicussohn Drusus in Haft hielt. PIR2 D 83. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [2] mit Theodosius I. verwandt, 409 n. Chr. getötet Spanier, mit Theodosius I. verwandt. Erhob sich, auf eine Privatarmee gestützt, 408 n.Chr. mit seinem Bruder Verinianus gegen Constantinus [3] III. 409 besiegt, gefangen und getötet. PLRE 2, 358. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)

Lupicinus

(137 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Consul 367 n. Chr. Als magister equitum per Gallias dem Iulianus [11] beigegeben, kämpfte L. 359 n.Chr. gegen Alamannen, 360 gegen Scoten und Picten; L. wurde von Iulianus als möglicher Gegner inhaftiert. Iovianus machte ihn 363 zum mag. equitum per Orientem; 365/6 war er in diesem Amt an der Niederschlagung der Usurpation des Prokopios gegen Valens beteiligt; 367 Consul. Christ. PLRE 1520f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] comes rei militaris per Thracias 377 n. Chr. Ging aus der schola gentilium hervor, 377 n.Chr. comes rei militaris per Thr…

Hellebic(h)us

(83 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Träger eines germanischen Namens; als comes et magister utriusque militiae per Orientem von 383 bis 387 n.Chr. bezeugt; in Antiocheia euergetisch tätig. Leitete zusammen mit Caesarius [3] 387 die Untersuchungen nach dem Antiochener Statuenaufstand. Libanios dankte ihm mit einem Panegyrikos dafür, daß er ein mildes Verfahren erreicht habe (or. 22). H. korrespondierte mit Libanios (epist. 2; 868; 884; 898; 925) und Gregorios [3] von Nazianzos (epist. 225). Wohl Christ [1]. (PLRE 1,277f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 v. Haehling 265-267.

Constantius

(1,438 words)

Author(s): Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Berschin, Walter (Heidelberg)
[English version] [1] C.I., Flavius Valerius C., C. Chlorus, Röm. Kaiser (Augustus) (305-306 n. Chr.) oder M., Caesar (293-305) und Augustus (305-306), in später Tradition mit Beinamen Chlorus versehen, * um 250 in der späteren Dacia Ripensis. Im Stab der illyr. Soldatenkaiser zunächst protector, dann tribunus. Während der Herrschaft des Carinus ritterlicher praeses Dalmatiarum (Anon. Vales. 1; SHA Car. 17,6). Vermutlich mußte er nicht erst 293 (so Aur. Vict. Caes. 39,24; Eutr. 9,22,1), sondern schon vor 289 als praef. praet. des Maximianus seine erste Frau Helena verstoße…

Asterios/-us

(375 words)

Author(s): Graf, Fritz (Princeton) | Seibt, Klaus (Leonberg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Ἀστέριος). [English version] [1] Epiklese des Zeus auf Kreta Nur bei byz. Schriftstellern belegte Epiklese des Zeus auf Kreta; entstanden durch euhemeristische Deutung des Mythos von Asterion [1]. Evolutionistische Deutungen verstanden ihn umgekehrt als Ursprung dieses Heroen. Graf, Fritz (Princeton) Bibliography H. Schwabl, s.v. Zeus I, RE 10 A, 281. [English version] [2] Sophist aus Kappadokien Sophist aus Kappadokien, gehörte zum Schülerkreis des Lukianos von Antiocheia (Märtyrer 312 n.Chr.), aus dem die Wortführer der ersten Phase des arianische…

Cerialis

(140 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Bloch, René (Princeton)
Röm. Cognomen (auch Caerialis, Caerealis) latinischer Herkunft, abgeleitet von dem Adj. Cerealis (“zu Ceres gehörig”), seit iulisch-claudischer Zeit verbreitet (Schulze, 486f.; ThlL, Onom. 2,344f.). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [English version] [1] Schwager von Valentinianus I., 4. Jh. n.Chr. Bruder der Iustina, der Gattin Valentinianus' I. (Amm. 28,2,10). Tribunus stabuli (Amm. 30,5,19). Im Jahre 375 n.Chr. half er seinem Neffen Valentinianus II. auf den Thron (Amm. 30,10,5). PLRE 1,197. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Dux Libyarum 405 n.Chr. Dux Libyarum 4…

Romulus

(2,134 words)

Author(s): Bendlin, Andreas (Erfurt) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) | Küppers, Jochem (Düsseldorf)
[English version] [1] legendärer Stadtgründer Roms Der legendäre Stadtgründer Roms. Wörtl. vielleicht “der Römer”. Eine mögliche Entsprechung zw. dem etr. Gentiliz Rumelna (Volsinii, 6. Jh. v. Chr.: ET Vs 1,35) und dem angeblichen röm. Gentilnamen Romilius - der Name läßt sich histor. sicher nur in einer alten tribus Romilia/-ulia nachweisen (Paul. Fest. 331 L.) - sowie zw. R. und einem etr. Praenomen * Rumele [1. 31 f.] ergibt nichts für die Historizität der R.-Gestalt. Problematisch ist auch der Versuch [2. 491-520; 3. 95-150], die in das 8. Jh. v. Chr. …

Marcellinus

(1,062 words)

Author(s): Wermelinger, Otto (Fribourg) | Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) | Franke, Thomas (Bochum) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Et al.
Siehe auch Markellinos. [English version] [1] Bf. von Rom seit 296 Röm. Bischof seit 296 n.Chr., laut Liber Pontificalis 1,61 aus Rom gebürtig; nach Eus. HE 7,32 soll er während der Verfolgung unter Diocletianus am 24.10.304 hingerichtet worden sein. Seine Haltung in der Verfolgungszeit ist jedoch umstritten. Sein Name fehlt im Chronograph von 354 (MGH AA 9,1,70). Augustinus verteidigt M. gegenüber den Donatisten, die ihn des Verrats bezichtigen (contra litteras Petiliani 2,92,102; de unico baptismo 16,27)…

Constantinus

(2,526 words)

Author(s): Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (München)
[English version] [1] C. I. der Große, röm. Kaiser 306-337 “der Große”, 306-337 n.Chr. röm. Kaiser. *ca. 275 (Eus. vita Const. 4,53; Aur. Vict. Caes. 41,16; Aur. Vict. epit. Caes. 41,15, anders Eus. vita Const. 2,51) in Naissus (Anon. Vales. 2) als Sohn des Constantius [1] I. und der Helena. Nach der Erhebung seines Vaters zum Caesar diente C. im Stab des Diocletianus und des Galerius (Paneg. 7[6] 5,3; Lact. mort. pers. 18,10; Anon. Vales. 2). 305 reiste C. vom Hof des Galerius zu seinem zum Augustus des…

Castinus

(70 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Flavius C., 420/21 als comes domesticus in Gallien tätig; kämpft 422 als mag. militum des Honorius in der Baetica erfolglos gegen Vandalen, überwirft sich mit Bonifatius, der nach Africa ausweicht. 423 unterstützt C. wohl die Usurpation des Johannes und verbleibt in seinem Amt, wird 424 cos., findet aber im Osten keine Anerkennung [1. 383]. Später flieht C. angeblich nach Africa (PLRE 2, 269f.). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 Bagnall.

Panodoros

(55 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Mönch aus Alexandreia, lebte um 400 n.Chr. Verfaßte im Anschluß an Sextus Iulius Africanus und Eusebios [7], die er auch verbesserte, eine Weltchronik, deren Spuren bei Georgios Synkellos erkennbar sind, deren genaues Gewicht aber strittig ist. Er besaß ein ausgeprägtes Interesse an Datierungsfragen. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography W. Adler, Time Immemorial, 1989, 72ff.

Maximus

(1,486 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Gatti, Paolo (Trient) | Et al.
Röm. Cogn., das urspr. wohl bes. Verdienste (etwa Plut. Pompeius 13,11) oder Reihenfolge in der Geburt ( maximus natus) bezeichnet. Erblich in republikanischer Zeit in den patrizischen Familien der Valerii und (seit den Samnitenkriegen) der Fabii (Fabius [I 21-30; II 13-14]), später auch in weiteren Gentes (Carvilius [3-4]; Übersicht über die Namensträger [1. 2539]). S. auch Maximos. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Senator, wohl identisch mit S. Quintilius Valerius Maximus Senator, der nach Plinius (epist. 8,24,7) von Traianus nach Achaia gesa…

Eudoxia

(177 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] s. Aelia [4] Gattin des Arcadius, seit 400 n.Chr. Augusta; s. Aelia [4]. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] Licinia E. Frau Valentinianus' III. und Augusta * 422 n.Chr. Tochter Theodosius' II. und Eudokias [1]. Seit 424 mit Valentinianus III. verlobt, seit 437 verheiratet. Zwei Töchter: Eudokia [2] und Placidia. 439 Augusta. Förderte den Kirchenbau in Rom. Ihr Einfluß am Hof ist schwer zu beurteilen, vermutlich dominierte ihre Schwiegermutter Galla [3] Placidia. Papst Leo der Gr. brachte …

Caecilianus

(241 words)

Author(s): Bloch, René (Princeton) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Bf. von Karthago ab 311/312 C. wurde 311/312 (nach [1] um 309/310) durch Felix von Apthugni zum Bischof von Karthago geweiht. Ein Konzil von 70 Bischöfen unter Führung des numidischen Primas Secundus von Tigisi erklärte die Wahl des C. für ungültig und bezichtigte Felix der “ traditio”. An seiner Stelle wurde zunächst Maiorinus gewählt, dem kurz darauf (313) Donatus folgte. Kaiser Constantin ergriff die Partei des C. (vgl. bes. Constantins Brief bei Eus. HE 10,5,15-17; 10,6f.). Der Streit mit Donatus wurde auf den Synoden…

Phaleas

(184 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] (Φαλέας) von Kalchedon. Griech. Denker (5. Jh. oder 1. H. des 4. Jh.v.Chr.), der sich mit Polis- Strukturen befaßte, aber wohl nicht zu den Sophisten (Sophistik) zu zählen ist. Nach den wenigen Informationen, die Aristoteles [6] (pol. 2,7,1266a 39-1267b 21; 1274b 9; vgl. Diels/Kranz 39,1) polemisch und vielleicht verfremdet gibt, entwickelte Ph. (unter Vernachlässigung des Kriegswesens) ein ausdifferenziertes Konzept der Polis, dem der - angeblich von ihm als erstem formulierte -…

Dalmatius

(328 words)

Author(s): Bleckmann, Bruno (Straßburg) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Fl. D. Halbbruder Kaiser Constantinus' I. Sohn des Constantius [1] und der Theodora, Halbbruder Constantins I. Über seine Rolle in der ersten Zeit Constantins ist nichts bekannt, vermutlich ca. 320-324 n.Chr. wurde ihm während der Spannungen mit Licinius Toulouse als Aufenthalt zugewiesen (Auson. Prof. 16,11-12). 333 Consul, wurde er um die gleiche Zeit mit dem archaisierenden Titel eines censor nach Antiocheia geschickt (Athan. c. Ar. 65,1ff.). Dort war er mit Mordanklagen gegen Athanasius befaßt. In Tarsos ließ er Calocaerus durch V…

Eucherius

(301 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Berschin, Walter (Heidelberg)
[English version] [1] Onkel des Kaisers Theodosius I. Flavius E. war ein Onkel des Kaisers Theodosius I. (Them. or. 16,203d). Er ist evtl. identisch mit dem comes sacrarum largitionum von 377-379 n.Chr. (Cod. Theod. 1,32,3; 10,20,9). 381 war er consul (Them. ebd.). Er lebte noch 395 (Zos. 5,2,3). PLRE 1, 288 E. (2). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Sohn des Stilicho, um 390 n. Chr. Flavius E., Sohn des Stilicho und Serenas, * 389 n.Chr. in Rom, lebte zunächst in Konstantinopel, dann am Hofe des Honorius, wo er tribunus et notarius wurde. Im J. 400 mit Galla [3] Placidi…

Ravenna Papyri

(107 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] Zur Zeit 61 Stücke umfassende, h. zerstreute Slg. nicht-lit. lat. Texte auf Papyrus aus der Zeit von 433 bis etwa 700 n. Chr., die zum überwiegenden Teil wohl zu einem ravennatischen Archiv gehörten. Die R. P. bilden eine wichtige Quelle zur Sozial-, Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsgesch. Italiens im Übergang von der Ant. zum MA. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography J.-O. Tjäder, Die nichtlit. Pap. Italiens aus der Zeit 445-700, 2 Bde., 1955, 1982  Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. FS zum 100j. Bestehen der Pap.-Slg. der Öst. Nationalbibliothek, Bd. 1, 1983, 161  R. P. Salo…

Mavortius

(64 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Vettius Agorius Basilius M. cos. 527 Consul 527 n.Chr. M. lebte im Ostgotenreich und machte sich um die Tradierung lit. Texte verdient. Editionstätigkeit bei Horatius und Prudentius bezeugt. Wohl Autor des Iudicium Paridis (Anth. Lat. 1,10), vielleicht auch des Cento de ecclesiis (Anth. Lat. 1,16). PLRE 2, 736f. Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] s. Lollianus [7] s. Lollianus [7]

Eusebios/-us

(2,005 words)

Author(s): Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg) | Markschies, Christoph (Heidelberg) | Gruber, Joachim (Erlangen) | Et al.
(Εὐυσέβιος). [English version] [1] Flavius Eusebius Consul 347 n. Chr. Im Gesetz Cod. Theod. 11,1,1 von 360 n.Chr. wird auf den ehemaligen cos. et mag. equitum et peditum Eusebius Bezug genommen. Es handelt sich hierbei wohl um den cos. E. von 347, der vielleicht mit dem Vater der Kaiserin Eusebia [1] identisch ist (vgl. Iul. or. 3,107d-110d). PLRE 1, 307f. Eusebius (39). Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Eusebius Röm. Amtsträger um 355 n. Chr. Sohn von E. [1]. Wie sein Bruder Hypatius wurde er durch seine Schwester Eusebia [1] (vgl. Iul. or. 3,116a) gefö…

Basileios

(1,213 words)

Author(s): Markschies, Christoph (Heidelberg) | Portmann, Werner (Berlin) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (München) | Et al.
(Βασιλεῖος). [English version] [1] B. der Große Theologe und Bf. von Kaisareia/Kappadokien. Markschies, Christoph (Heidelberg) [English version] A. Biographie Zusammen mit seinem jüngeren Bruder Gregor von Nyssa und seinem Freund Gregor von Nazianz zählt B. (* um 329/30 als Sohn einer christl. senatorischen Großgrundbesitzerfamilie) zu den sog. drei großen Kappadoziern. Seine Großmutter gab ihm eine erste Einführung in Bibel und Theologie in den Bahnen des Origenismus. Kaisareia/Kappadokien, Konstantinopel und At…

Florentinus

(288 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Schmidt, Peter L. (Konstanz) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
[English version] [1] gallischer Korrespondent des Symmachus Entstammte einer gallischen Familie; Korrespondent des Symmachus (epist. 4,50-57), wohl Heide. 379 n.Chr. bekleidete er wohl das Notariat. Fraglich ist, ob er mit dem gleichnamigen comes sacrarum largitionum identisch ist [1. 100-103]; 395 quaestor sacri cubiculi; von 395 bis 397, somit ungewöhnlich lange, als praefectus urbi Romae bezeugt, bewährte sich in einer Hungersnot. Claudianus [2] widmete ihm das zweite Buch von De raptu Proserpinae (praef. 50). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 Delmaire. PLRE …

Anthemios/-us

(527 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Johne, Klaus-Peter (Berlin) | Folkerts, Menso (München)
[English version] [1] Praefectus praetorio Orientis 405-414 n. Chr. Wohl 383 n. Chr. Gesandter in Persien, comes sacrarum larg. (Osten) 400; magister officiorum (Osten) spätestens 404, cos. 405; spätestens seit 406 patricius. Maßgeblichen Einfluß auf die Politik erlangte A. als praefectus praetorio Orientis von 405-414, zunächst unter Arcadius, dann unter dem minderjährigen Theodosius II. Er war Christ, stand aber der heidnischen Kultur aufgeschlossen gegenüber [1. 82 f.]. A. kümmerte sich durch den Bau von Mauern um die Verteidigung Ko…

Orestes

(1,071 words)

Author(s): Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) | Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Groß-Albenhausen, Kirsten (Frankfurt/Main) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
(Ὀρέστης). [English version] [1] Sohn des Agamemnon und der Klytaimestra Sohn des Agamemnon und der Klytaimestra, der die Ermordung seines Vaters durch seine Mutter grausam an dieser und ihrem Geliebten Aigisthos rächt. Schon der ‘Odyssee-Dichter kennt die Gesch. (Hom. Od. 1,29ff., 298ff.; 3,193ff., 248ff., 303ff.; 4,90-92, 512ff.; 11,387ff.; 24,20ff., 93ff., 192ff.), die in den Nostoi erzählt wurde (EpGF p. 67,25-27; PEG I p. 95); je nach Kontext ist sie als Folie entweder negativ für Penelope, die treue…

Aelia

(287 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Zweite Frau Sullas Zweite Frau Sullas (Plut. Sull. 6,20). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] Galla Frau eines Postumus (augusteische Zeit) Frau eines Postumus = ? C. Propertius Postumus, Prop. 3,12,38; mit senatorischen Aelii der augusteischen Zeit verwandt [1; 2]. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [3] Paetina, zweite Frau von Claudius Ae. Paetina. Wohl Tochter von Sex. Aelius Catus; zweite Frau von Claudius, der sich von ihr trennte (Suet. Claud. 26,2). Ihre gemeinsame Tochter war Antonia [5]. Narcissus un…

Nepos

(672 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eigler, Ulrich (Trier) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
[English version] [1] Röm. Cognomen, Beiname des Q. Caecilius Metellus N. und seines Sohnes Röm. Cognomen (“Enkel”) zur Unterscheidung eines Jungen von seinem gleichnamigen Vater und Großvater. Beiname des Q. Caecilius [I 28] Metellus N. und seines gleichnamigen Sohnes [I 29]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 79; 304. [English version] [2] Cornelius N. Biograph und Historiker, 1. Jh. v. Chr. (ca. 100-24 v.Chr.) repräsentiert die Dynamik der intellektuellen Kultur des 1. Jh.v.Chr. in Rom. Er entstammte der Transpadana und geh…

Pelagios

(779 words)

Author(s): Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) | Tinnefeld, Franz (München) | Wermelinger, Otto (Fribourg)
(Πελάγιος). [English version] [1] Mitschüler und Freund des Libanios, hoher Amtsträger Mitschüler und Freund des Libanios, vertrat 357 n.Chr. seine Heimatstadt Kyrrhos (in der Euphratensis) vor Constantius [2] II. in Italien; etwa 382 war er consularis Syriae, er starb 393 (an ihn sind Lib. epist. 1325 und 1334 gerichtet). Nichtchrist. PLRE 1, 686 (P. 1). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) [English version] [2] Epiker und Historiker, 5. Jh. Silentiarius ( silentiarii ), trat als Epiker und wohl auch Historiker hervor. Unter den Kaisern Leo(n) [4] I. und Zenon als patríkios
▲   Back to top   ▲