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[German version] (Fravitus). Tervingian army commander in the service of Rome, married to a Roman woman. In support of maintaining the Roman alliance with the Goths of AD 382, he killed Eriulf in 391 at the court of Theodosius I (Zos. 4,56,1-3; Eunapius fr. 60 FHG 4,41). In about 400 as the magister militum on behalf of Arcadius he prevented Gaenas from crossing the Hellespont (Zos. 5,20-21; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 8,4,19-21) and was rewarded for it in 401 with the consulate (Eunapius fr. 82 FHG 4,50). Around 403/4, however, he was accused of allowing …

Messapic name in Lat. form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Respected bearers of that name in Apulia (in particular from Arpi and Sala) were still anti-Roman during the Second Punic War. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] Commander of Clastidium against Hannibal D. from Brundisium, in 218 BC commander of the allied occupation forces of  Clastidium with large Roman stores which he betrayed to Hannibal after the victory at the Ticinus for 400 pieces of gold (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Leader of the pro-Carthaginian p…

[German version] Epigraphy, from Greek ἐπιγράφειν ( epigráphein, ‘to write on something’). The term refers to ancient texts that were documented on various, mostly permanent materials (stone, bronze, etc.), as well as to the respective sub-discipline of archaeology.  Inscriptions; Epigraphy Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] [1] Sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, married to L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. She outlived her husband, who was killed in 48 BC, and died a highly respected woman before August 45; on the model of M. (Terentius?) Varro and a certain Ollius, Cicero dedicated an elogy to her (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Daughter of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, c. 95-42 BC Daughter of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, c. 95-42 BC; first married to M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus and in a second marriage, from c. 44 BC on, to her cousin M. Iunius …

[German version] Eastern Goth, comes Syracusanae civitatis in AD 526/7, commander of the province of Sicilia, known from two letters of  Athalaric (Cassiod. Var. 9,11; 14) who threatened the comes Gotharum G. with dismissal from office because of serious irregularities in the levying of taxes and in legal decisions. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Εὐάγων / Euágōn, in MSS also as Εὐγαίων / Eugaíōn, Εὐγέων / Eugéōn). Of Samos, hailed by Dionysius of Halicarnassus as one of the earliest of the Greek historiographers (De Thucydide 5) and the first Samian historian (last third of the 5th cent. BC), the author of Hôroi Samíōn, which was still referred to by Aristotle; Thucydides, too, used it. In the course of a 2nd cent. BC territorial dispute with Priene, the Samians cited an old border agreement (early 7th cent.), mentioned by E. ─ who thus is one of the earliest local …

[German version] [1] First priestess of Fortuna Muliebris, 5th cent. BC Sister of P. Valerius [I 45] Poplicola, said to have saved Rome in 488 BC from Coriolanus (Plut. Coriolanus 33; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 8,39; 8,43,1 f.); first priestess of Fortuna Muliebris (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 8,55,3-5; Fortuna B.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography Latte, 181. [German version] [2] Daughter of P. Valerius [I44], ca. 500 BC Daughter of P. Valerius [I 44] (elected belatedly cos. for the year 509 BC), sent to Porsenna with 19 other hostages (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,32,3). They …

[German version] [1] F. Two daughters of the patrician Ambustus with the same name Two daughters of the patrician Ambustus with the same name. The younger one had married the plebeian Licinius Stolo whilst the older one had married the patrician Ser. Sulpicius, who was able to hold high state offices because of his origin. When the messenger announced his arrival by knocking loudly on the front door, the younger F. was startled and the older one mocked her. Traditionally the incident is said to have led to th…

[German version] (Ἐράριχος; Erárichos). A Rugian, AD 541 king of the Ostrogoths in succession to Ildibad. Officially, E. negotiated with Justinian a withdrawal of the Goths to the region north of the Po, but secretly he offered to abandon the whole of Italy in return for a large sum of money and the status of patricius. While his ambassadors were still negotiating, E. was eliminated after having reigned for only five months; his successor was Totila (Procop. Goth. 3,2; Jord. Rom. 378f.; Chron. min. 2,106f. Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Guntharis, Gundarus, Gontharis). Bucellarius of  Solomon I, magister militum and dux Numidiae from AD 545 (Iord. De origine actibusque Romanorum 384). G., whom Solomon had sent out in advance to Bagae on the River Abigas with an army to fight the Moors, escaped defeat only through the latter's rapid assistance (Procop. Vand. 2,19,6-16). In a secret alliance with the prince of the Moors Antalas, G. decided in 546 to remove  Areobindus [3], which also occurred (Procop. Vand. 2,25,1-28). G. oc…

[German version] [1] P. Urgulanilla First wife of the future emperor Claudius (9-24 AD) Daughter of M. Plautius [II 12] Silvanus, first wife of the future emperor Claudius [III 1] (wedding between AD 9 and 10); divorced, probably in 24, on grounds of debauchery and suspicion of murder (aiding in eliminating of Apronia [1], the wife of Plautius' brother) (Tac. Ann. 4,22; on the date Suet. Claud. 26,2; 27,1; [1. 430; 2. 24f.]). The marriage produced two children: Claudia [II 1] Iulia and Claudius [II 23] Drusus (Suet. Claud. 27,1; [3. 135]). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R…

[German version] [1] F. Domitilla Wife of Vespasian Daughter of Flavius Liberalis of Ferentum in Etruria [2. 210, 1447]. First mistress of the eques Statilius Capella; she later married  Vespasianus. The sons Titus, Domitian and a daughter Flavia [2] were born of the marriage ([Aur.Vict.] Epit. Caes. 10,1; 11,1). Initially subject only to Latin law, she later received Roman citizenship when her father became adsertor. She died before Vespasian came to power on 1 July AD 69 (Suet. Vesp. 3) and was not deified. A sesterce minting from 80/1 commemorates her: R…

[German version] [1] Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi, after a foray into Dalmatia defeated and ‘adopted’ in c. AD 465 by the king of the Goths Thiudimer. Mobilized a multi-tribe war coalition against the Goths also supported by eastern Rome but was defeated by them in c. 469 (Iord. Get. 273-279). Probably identical to the pillager of Batavis (Eugippius, Vita Severini 22,4) of the same name. PLRE 2, 574 (H. 2). Kehne, Peter (Hannover) Bibliography H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 31990, 264ff. [German version] [2] H. the Younger. King of the Ostrogoths,…

(Frederick). [German version] [1] Son of the West Gothic king Theodoric I, co-ruler of Theoderic II about AD 450 Son of the West Gothic king Theoderic I, brother and co-ruler of Theoderic II, whom he helped to the throne in AD 453 after the murder of the eldest brother Thorismud (Chron. min. 1,483; 2,27 Mommsen; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,7); after successful battles against the Spanish Bagauds (probably as magister militum, cf. Chron. min. 2,27; in this regard [1. 690f.]) he was involved in 455 in the rise of  Avitus [1] to the position of emperor (Sid. Apoll. Carm. 7,…

[German version] Mentioned by Pliny the Elder as the source for parts of his Naturalis historia (Plin. HN 16,216; 37,24; 97; 127); Solinus also repeatedly draws on a C.B. as a source for chronological details (cf. Solin. 1,97; 2,11; 2,18); still the identity of this C.B. with that referred to in Pliny (suspected by [1. XIV]) cannot be proved [2. 646f.]. The inscriptions CIL II 35 and 5184 (=ILS 2920 and 2921) from Lusitania (1st cent. AD), according to which a Lucius CB was flamen provinciae and tribunus militum legionis III Augustae, however probably do relate to Pliny's source. PIR2 C. 133…

[German version] King of the West Goths, AD 680-687. As comes at the court of Wamba, E. was not free of involvement in the latter's deposal and he had himself anointed king without any election. In 681 he had a new version of the law of the West Goths issued. His policy of strengthening the kingship came to grief in 683, when he was obliged to make concessions to the aristocracy at the 13th Council of Toledo. In 687, seriously ill, he designated his bitter rival Egica as his successor. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus, 3rd cent. BC A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus. Her wish, which she loudly expressed in a crowd, that her brother P. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 249 BC) should live and lose another battle at sea so that the mob would be decreased, was heavily fined (Ateius Capito in Gell. NA 10,6; Liv. per. 19; Suet. Tib. 2,3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1992, 19-20. [German version] [I 2] Daughter of Ap. Claudius Pulcher, wife of Ti. Gracchus Daughter of Ap. Claudius Pul…

[German version] King of the Vandal Hasdingians around AD 400, father of  Gundericus and  Geisericus. Under G. the Hasdingians moved from Pannonia via Vindelicia and Noricum to the Rhine-Neckar area where G. fell in battle in 406 fighting the Franks, who were defending the Roman Rhine border (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9); Procop. (Vand. 3,3,2; 22f.) and Theophanes (5931; 6026) erroneously report that G. led the Hasdingians to Spain. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography PLRE 2, 515f. F. Clover, The Late Roman West and the Vandals, 1993 Chr. Courtois, Les vanda…

[German version] [1] Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana and mother of Archelaus [7], whom  Antonius [I 9] elevated to king of Cappadocia in 36 BC (Cass. Dio 49,32,3; App. B Civ. 5,7). Octavianus criticized the relationship of Antonius with G. (Mart. 11,20). OGIS 361. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia, granddaughter of G. [1], in her first marriage G. was married to Alexander, the eldest so…

[German version] [1] Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31 Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31, cf. [1]. PIR2 C 1301. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. N. Sherwin-White, Comm. ad loc. [German version] [2] Ab epistulis Graecis under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus Ab epistulis Graecis in the imperial chancellery under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Phrynichus dedicated his eclogues to C., and acclaimed him as reviving classical rhetoric (pp. 55, 306, 474-75, 482, 492-93 Rutherford). He can probably not be identified with the C. named in Fronto (ad Am. 1,1; 1,2, cf. [1.…

[German version] (Ἔκλεκτος; Éklektos, also Electus, Eiectus). E. from Egypt, freedman of Verus, later lived in the palace of Marcus Aurelius (SHA Ver. 9,5f.) after whose death he became cubicularius of that emperor's nephew M. Ummidius Quadratus. When the latter was executed in AD 182, Commodus took on E. (Herodian. 1,16,5; Cass. Dio 72,4,6) with whom he appeared in gladiator games (SHA Comm. 15,2; Cass. Dio 72,19,4). In 193, together with the praetorian prefect Aemilius Laetus and Marcia, the concubina of Commodus, he instigated the murder of the Emperor (Hdn. 1,17,6; 2,1…

Plebeian family name, from Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] D., C. Friend of Annius Milo, 1st cent. BC Friend ( amicissimus) of Annius [I 14] Milo, whom he helped during or after his trial for the murder of  Clodius [I 4]. Cic. Att. 5,8,2f. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] D., L. Praetor in Apulia 181 BC 181 BC praetor in Apulia. When Tarentum and Brundisium complained about piracy, he received the praetorship of Istria additionally, and thus probably the task of protecting the Adriatic coast …

[German version] Son of Gundiok, king of the Burgundians in AD 474-516, Arian. On the side of  Ricimer he, as magister utriusque militiae in 472, killed Anthemius [2] (Chron. min. 1,306 Mommsen), administered the western empire and in 473 elevated Glycerius to the status of Augustus (Chron. min. 1,664). In 474 he ─ in the meantime comes and patricius ─ returned to Gaul and succeeded Ricimer in Vienna. He defeated the Alemanni and around 490 invaded Liguria (Ennod. 80). In 496 he married his son Sigismundus to Areagni, a daughter of Theoderic. In 501 he defeated…

[German version] Administrators of goods and representatives of the king's interests in the Lombardic kingdom, first attested under Authari (AD 584-590). Since the 7th cent. they watched over the dukes (cf. Edictus Rothari 23); in the 8th cent. they could preside over courts of law. They were directly subject to the king in their non-inheritable office. In the Duchies of Spoleto and Benevent they administered the most important towns for the dukes. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography C. G. Mor, Lo stato longobardo nel VII secolo, 1969, 1, 271ff.

[German version] Son of Gentunis, king of the Vandals in AD 484-496 (Iord. Get. 170; Procop. Vand. 1,8,6f.), fought successfully against the Moors. In 491 his attempt to reconquer Sicily failed (Ennod. Panegyricus 70). He showed tolerance to the Catholics after initially persecuting them. PLRE 2, 525f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography H.-J. Diesner, Das Vandalenreich, 1966, 84-88.

[German version] [1] Student of Epicurus, 342/1-270 BC This item can be found on the following maps: Achaeans, Achaea (Λεόντιον; Leóntion). City in the interior of Achaea on the Peloponnesus, controlled the passage between Olonus (Erymanthus) and the Kalliphoni mountains as well as the west-east road through the Peiros valley between the Achaean coast south of Patra and Kalavrita (ancient Cynaetha). Presumably not identifiable with Agios Andreas near Gurzumitsa (modern L.) [1], but with modern Kastritsi near Agios …

[German version] (Δαγισθαῖος; Dagisthaîos). As a young Roman commander D., who probably was of Gothic origin, unsuccessfully besieged Persian-occupied Petra in the area of the Lazi in AD 548/9 (Procop. Pers. 2,29 especially 33-43). On account of this he was later taken to court under Justinian on the charge of pro-Persian sentiments and arrested by the emperor (Procop. Goth. 4,9,1-4). For the Narses campaign to Italy he was released from custody and took part in the decisive battle against Totila a…

[German version] (Erelieva, Hereleuva). Concubina of the Amal Thiudimer, mother of  Theoderic the Great (Iord. Get. 269); for the legal position of marriage [1. 262]; for her origins, Anon. Val. 58: Gothic lady; but differing [1. 263]: possibly of provincial Roman origin. E. accompanied her son on his military campaigns (Malchus fr. 18, FHG 4, 130) and was honoured for that by Ennodius (Ennod. MGH (AA) 7,208). At a Catholic baptism, she was given the name Eusebia (Anon. Val. 58) and maintained conta…

[German version] (Gunderic). In AD 406 G. was chosen as king of the Vandal Hasdingians after the death of his father  Godigiselus; he united his troops with the Alani under Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), defeated the Franks and by the end of 406 crossed the Rhine. Without facing organized resistance, he plundered Gaul (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), crossed the Pyrenees in 409 (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) and secured for himself the east of th…

[German version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Son of  Gundobad, after the death of his brother Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) in AD 524 he was elevated to the position of king of the Burgundians (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). He defeated the Franks under Chlodomer at Vienne on 25 June 524, entered in 530 into an alliance with  Amalasuntha and bought the freedom of prisoners of war (CIL XII 2584). In 533 the Franks under Chlothachar and Childebert defeated G. at Autun and in 534 divided up the Burgundian kingdom amongst themselves (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bie…

[German version] (δυναστεία; dynasteía, cf. also δυνάστης; dynástēs, ‘Ruler’). Derived from δύνασθαι; dýnasthai, ‘to be capable’, ‘to be able’; ‘to have influence’, ‘to be wealthy’ [1. 116]. Dynasteia was primarily the rule ( rulership) of a small, influential group, within which high offices were inherited. Two basic levels of meaning are to be distinguished for dynasteia: in the first of them, its character as the term for a group of rulers or an individual ruler expresses more the original sense of the word; in the second the inheritance of lea…

[German version] A Canninefate, who deserted from Roman service and together with the Chauci laid waste to Lower Germania and the Gallic bank of the Rhine after the death of  Sanquinius Maximus, the governor of Lower Germania, in AD 47. The new governor  Domitius [II 11] Corbulo drove G. away and restored order. When he had G. murdered by a ruse, unrest again broke out among the Chauci, causing Claudius to pull the advance troops back to the west bank of the Rhine (Tac. Ann. 11,18f.). PIR2 G 73. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[German version] (Dintzic, Greek Δεγγιζίχ, Δινζίριχος; Dengizích, Dinzírichos). Son of Attila, king of the Huns; after the latter's death D. assembled an army from the elements of the Hun empire that were still under his control, to fight the Goths. He was, however, defeated at Bassianae (Pannonia) by the Goths (probably after AD 456/57, Iord. Get. 272f.). He later conducted several wars against the Romans but was killed in 469 by the mag. mil. per Thracias Anagestes (Prisc. fr. 36 [FHG 4,107f.]; Chron. pasch. 323d Dindorf). PLRE 354f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Boch…

[German version] (ἐπαρχία; eparchía). Territorial administrative unit in Hellenistic states. In the Seleucid kingdom, Antiochus [5] III especially supported the setting up of smaller provinces in order to prevent power concentrations in the areas of individual satraps, as for example  Molon (222 BC). Polybius describes their head, who evidently had military and civil power, as éparchos or stratēgós (Pol. 5,46,7; 48,14); however his terminology is misleading since from the middle of the 2nd cent. BC on, eparchia started taking on the meaning of Lat . provincia (cf. SIG3 683,55 and …

[English version] [1] Hetäre des Priesterkönigs Archelaos [6] von Komana Hetäre des Priesterkönigs Archelaos [6] von Komana und Mutter des Archelaos [7], den Antonius [I 9] 36 v.Chr. zum König von Kappadokien erhob (Cass. Dio 49,32,3; App. civ. 5,7). Octavianus tadelte das Verhältnis des Antonius mit G. (Mart. 11,20). OGIS 361. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] Tochter des Königs Archelaos [7] von Kappadokien Tochter des Königs Archelaos [7] von Kappadokien, Enkelin von G. [1], war in erster Ehe verheiratet mit Alexandros, dem ältesten Sohn K…

[English version] [1] F. zwei gleichnamige Töchter des Patriziers Ambustus Zwei gleichnamige Töchter des Patriziers Ambustus. Die jüngere hatte den Plebeier Licinius Stolo geheiratet, die ältere den Patrizier Ser. Sulpicius, der aufgrund seiner Herkunft hohe Staatsämter bekleiden konnte. Als der Amtsdiener sein Kommen durch lautes Schlagen an die Haustür ankündigte, erschrak die jüngere F. und wurde von der älteren verspottet. Der Vorfall soll nach der Tradition dazu geführt haben, daß die Gekränkte bei i…

[English version] [1] Gattin Caesars Tochter des L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (Suet. Iul. 21). Sie bat Caesar, ihren Gatten, an den Iden des März 44 dringend, der Senatssitzung fernzubleiben (Suet. Iul. 81,3; Plut. Caes. 63,8-12; Cass. Dio 44,17,1; Val. Max. 1,7,2; Vell. 2,57,2). Aus polit. Gründen hatte Caesar in vierter Ehe die 18jährige 59 v.Chr. geheiratet (Plut. Caes. 14,8; Pomp. 47,10; App. civ. 2,51; Cass. Dio 38,9,1, [1. 75 A.46]). Die Ehe blieb kinderlos [2. 466]. Nach dem Tod Caesars übergab C. dessen Vermögen an M. Antonius (Plut. Ant. 15; App. civ. 2,524). Strothmann, Mer…

Cognomen, dessen Entstehung eine Erzählung bei Plutarch (Coriolanus 11,4) wiedergibt; auch Spitzname [1. 66,248]. [English version] [1] Militärtribun Militärtribun, der in Judäa gegen innerjüd. Tumulte einschritt. Zur Schlichtung nach Rom gesandt, wurde er vom Kaiser nach Jerusalem zurückgeschickt und dort enthauptet (Ios. ant. Iud. 20,132-136; bell. Iud. 2,244-246). PIR C 617. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] legatus iuridicus 92 n.Chr. 92 n.Chr. legatus Augusti pro praetore Hispaniae cit. oder legatus iuridicus (Mart. 7,52,1-4). PIR C 620. Strothmann, …

[English version] (Genzon). Sohn des Geisericus, Bruder des Hunericus, Vater von Gunthamundus, Gelaridus und Thrasamund (Prok. BV 1,5,11; 8,6-8; 9,6). Er war 468 n.Chr. an der Seeschlacht gegen Basiliskos beteiligt (Prok. BV 1,6,24) und starb 477 vor seinem Vater. PLRE 2,502-503 (Genton 1). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] Ein Canninefate, der aus röm. Dienst desertierte und nach dem Tod des niedergerman. Statthalters Sanquinius Maximus 47 n.Chr. mit den Chauken Niedergermanien und die gallischen Rheinufer verheerte. Der neue Statthalter Domitius [II 11] Corbulo vertrieb G. und stellte die Ruhe wieder her; als er G. durch List ermorden ließ, gerieten die Chauken erneut in Aufruhr, was Claudius zur Rücknahme der vorgeschobenen Truppen auf das westliche Rheinufer veranlaßte (Tac. ann. 11,18f.). PIR2 G 73. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] König der vandalischen Hasdingen um 400 n.Chr., Vater des Gundericus und des Geisericus. Unter G. zogen die Hasdingen von Pannonien über Vindelicien und Noricum in das Rhein-Neckar-Gebiet, wo G. 406 gegen Franken fiel, die die röm. Rheingrenze verteidigten (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9); irrtümlich berichten Prokop (BV 3,3,2; 22f.) und Theophanes (5931; 6026), G. habe die Hasdingen nach Spanien geführt. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography PLRE 2, 515f. F. Clover, The Late Roman West and the Vandals, 1993 Chr. Courtois, Les vandales et …

[English version] [1] F. Domitilla Gemahlin des Vespasianus Tochter des Flavius Liberalis aus Ferentum in Etrurien [2. 210, 1447]. Erst Geliebte des Ritters Statilius Capella, heiratete sie später Vespasianus. Aus der Ehe gingen die Söhne Titus, Domitian und eine Tochter F. [2] hervor ([Aur.Vict.] epit. Caes. 10,1; 11,1). Zunächst nur latinischen Rechts, erhielt sie später durch das Auftreten ihres Vaters als adsertor röm. Bürgerrecht. Sie starb noch vor dem Regierungsantritt Vespasians am 1. Juli 69 n.Chr. (Suet. Vesp. 3) und wurde nicht divinisiert. Ei…

Plebeischer Familienname, aus Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [1] D., C. Freund des Annius Milo, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Freund ( amicissimus) des Annius [I 14] Milo, dem er während bzw. nach dem Prozeß wegen der Ermordung des Clodius [I 4] behilflich war. Cic. Att. 5,8,2f. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [English version] [2] D., L. Praetor in Apulien 181 v. Chr. 181 v.Chr. praetor in Apulien. Als sich Tarent und Brundisium über Seeräuberei beklagten, erhielt er die Praetur Istriens hinzu und damit augenscheinlich die Aufgab…

[English version] (ἐπαρχία). Territoriale Verwaltungseinheit in hell. Staaten. Im Seleukidenreich förderte bes. Antiochos [5] III. die Einrichtung kleinerer Bezirke, um Machtkonzentrationen in Gebieten einzelner Satrapen, wie etwa des Molon (222 v.Chr.) zu verhindern. Polybios bezeichnet ihre Vorsteher, die offenbar mil. und zivile Gewalt besaßen, als éparchos bzw. stratēgós (Pol. 5,46,7; 48,14), doch ist seine Terminologie irreführend, da e. seit der Mitte des 2. Jh.v.Chr. allmählich die Bed. von lat. provincia annimmt (vgl. SIG3 683,55 und 65; Arr. Parth. fr. 1,2: éparcho…

[English version] [1] Dux, später rex der Donausueben Dux, später rex der Donausueben, ca. 465 n.Chr. nach einem Raubzug in Dalmatien vom Gotenkönig Thiudimer besiegt und “adoptiert”. Bot eine mehrstämmige, auch von Ostrom unterstützte Kriegskoalition gegen die Goten auf, unterlag ihnen aber ca. 469 (Iord. Get. 273-279). Wohl mit dem gleichnamigen Plünderer von Batavis (Eugippius, vita Severini 22,4) identisch. PLRE 2, 574 (H. 2). Kehne, Peter (Hannover) Bibliography H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 31990, 264ff. [English version] [2] H. d.J. König der Ostgoten, Sohn des Ermanarich König…

[English version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Sohn des Gundobad, nach dem Tod seines Bruders Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) 524 n.Chr. zum König der Burgunden erhoben (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). Er besiegte die Franken unter Chlodomer bei Vienne am 25.6.524, knüpfte 530 ein Bündnis mit Amalasuntha und kaufte Kriegsgefangene frei (CIL XII 2584). 533 besiegten die Franken unter Chlothachar und Childebert G. bei Autun und teilten 534 das burgundische Reich unter sich auf (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

[English version] (Ἔκλεκτος, auch Electus, Eiectus). E. aus Ägypten, Freigelassener des Verus, wohnte später im Palast des Marcus Aurelius (SHA Ver. 9,5f.), nach dessen Tod er cubicularius von dessen Neffen M. Ummidius Quadratus wurde. Als dieser 182 n.Chr. hingerichtet wurde, übernahm Commodus den E. (Herodian. 1,16,5; Cass. Dio 72,4,6), mit dem er bei Gladiatorenspielen auftrat (SHA Comm. 15,2; Cass. Dio 72,19,4). 193 betrieb er mit dem Praetorianerpraefekten Aemilius Laetus und Marcia der concubina des Commodus, die Ermordung des Kaisers (Herodian. 1,17,6; 2,1,3;…

Messapischer Name in lat. Form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Angesehene Namensträger in Apulien (bes. aus Arpi und Salapia), waren noch im zweiten Punischen Krieg romfeindlich. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [1] Kommandant von Clastidium gegen Hannibal D. aus Brundisium, 218 v.Chr. Kommandant der bundesgenössischen Besatzung von Clastidium mit großem röm. Vorratslager, das er an Hannibal nach dem Sieg am Ticinus gegen 400 Goldstücke verriet (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [2] Führer der prokarthagischen Pa…

[English version] (Gunderich). G. wurde nach dem Tod seines Vaters Godigiselus 406 n.Chr. zum König der vandalischen Hasdingen gewählt, vereinigte seine Scharen mit den Alanen unter Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), besiegte die Franken und überschritt Ende 406 den Rhein. Ohne auf organisierten Widerstand zu treffen, plünderte er Gallien (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), zog 409 über die Pyrenäen (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) und sicherte sich 411 d…

[English version] (Gesalech; auch Gesalecus, Gisaleicus). Illegitimer Sohn des Alaricus [3] II., wurde nach dessen Tod bei Vouillé 507 n.Chr. zum Westgotenkönig gewählt, da sein legitimer Halbbruder Amalaricus, ein Enkel des ostgot. Königs Theoderich, noch minderjährig war (Prok. BG 5,12,43). G. wurde bald von Burgunden und Franken zum Rückzug nach Spanien gezwungen (Chron. min. 1,665f. Mommsen); als ihm Theoderich nun die Herrschaft zugunsten des Amalaricus streitig machte (Prok. BG 5,12,46), flo…