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[German version] (Σπιταμένης/ Spitaménēs). Prince in Sogdiana, father of Apama [1] (Arr. Anab. 7,4,6), remained loyal to Bessus after the death of Darius [3] until he despaired of him and in 329 BC, in concert with Dataphernes, handed him over to Alexander [4] (thus Aristobulus [7]; Ptolemaeus [1] wrote himself into the action: Arr.  Anab. 3,30). After Alexander's departure S. triggered a partisan war, supported by Bactrian princes and Sacae tribes, who also give him sanctuary. After a temporary oc…

[English version] (βασιλικοὶ παῖδες). Lat. pueri regii, Pagen des maked. Königs: Knaben, die er sowohl als Geiseln wie auch als “Pflanzschule für Heerführer und Offiziere” (Curt. 8,6,6) aus der Aristokratie rekrutierte. Unter Alexandros [4] waren es über 50; sie begleiteten und bewachten den König, leisteten ihm persönliche Dienste und standen unter strenger Hauszucht (Curt. 8,6,2-6), weshalb Griechen sie oft als Sklaven bezeichneten. Ob die älteren an der Seite des Königs kämpften, ist nicht sicher. …

[English version] D. in potestatem oder - gleichbedeutend - d. in fidem (Pol. 20,9,10-12), ist die nominell immer freiwillige Selbstübergabe eines unabhängigen Staates an Rom. Sie war im Krieg die Vorbedingung eines Friedensschlusses und im Frieden die der Erwerbung des röm. Schutzes. Nach der förmlichen Annahme der d. durch den Senat oder einen dazu befugten (Pro-) Magistrat mit imperium verlor das dedierte Gemeinwesen seine Existenz. Seine Bürger, Götter und Habe wurden röm. Besitz, mit dem Rom nach Gutdünken verfahren konnte. Vorher gemachte Versprechen wurden zwar durch die d.…

(Δέρδας). Ein im Königshaus von Elimeia gebräuchlicher Name. [English version] [1] Sohn einer Prinzessin von Elimeia/Epeiros, 5. Jh.v.Chr. Sohn von Arridaios [1] und einer Prinzessin von Elimeia, griff 432 v.Chr. im Bündnis mit Philippos, Sohn von Alexandros [2], und mit athenischer Unterstützung Athens Bundesgenossen Perdikkas an (Thuk. 1,57). Im späteren athenischen Vertrag mit Perdikkas (IG I3 Nr. 89) schwor er mit anderen maked. Fürsten den Eid (Z. 69). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography E. Badian, From Plataea to Potidaea, 1993, 172-4  S. Hornblower, Greek Histor…

[German version] (Ἀτροπάτης; Atropátēs). Median ruler and satrap of Darius, fought at  Gaugamela and accompanied him in flight. After Darius' death he joined  Alexander [4] and received his satrapy once again. He took a vanquished Median pretender to the throne to the king in 324 BC. As a reward, his daughter was married to  Perdiccas at the weddings of Susa. He is supposed to have given Alexander 100  Amazons (Arr. Anab. 7,13). Perdiccas assigned him the satrapy of west Media in 323, where he settled himself as ruler. The land (Atropatene, today Azerbaijan) eternalized his name. Badian, E…

[German version] (Κυν(ν)άνη; Kyn(n)ánē). Daughter of  Philippus II and an Illyrian, born around 357 BC. Brought up in a martial way, she is said to have participated in Philip's battles. In 338/7 C. married Amyntas [4] and bore Eurydice [3] with whom she lived in Macedonia after the death of Amyntas. In 322 C. accompanied Eurydice to Asia with an army as a bride for Arridaeus [4]. C. was murdered by Alcetas [4] and given a royal burial by  Cassander. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, no. 456.

[German version] (Μυλλένας; Myllénas). Scribe of Alexander [4] the Great, was to lead lightly armed infantry along by-ways to the summit of the Aornus [2] (Curt. 8,11,5: Mullinus). The enterprise failed. He is probably the Macedonian M., son of Asander, who was accorded the proxenía with privileges in Eretria (IG XII 9, 197). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

(Βαγώας; Bagṓas), Greek name for Persian eunuchs (Plin. HN 13,41). [German version] [1] Commander of Artaxerxes Ochus, 338 BC ‘An extremely impudent and sacrilegious man’ (Diod. Sic. 16,47,4) who took part in the renewed conquest of Egypt led by  Artaxerxes Ochus, became commander-in-chief of the Upper Satrapies, then  chiliarchos (‘lord of the realm’ Diod. Sic. 16,50,8). In 338 BC, he poisoned the king, in 336, he poisoned the king's son and successor  Arses, and installed a courtier on the throne, who then adopt…

[German version] (Βαρσαέντης; Barsaéntēs). Under  Darius satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana; commanded the Arachotes and the neighbouring Indians in the battle of Gaugamela. He murdered Darius in mid 330 BC together with  Bessus and  Nabarzanes, then fled to his satrapy and from there to India. When  Alexander [4] reached the Indus, B. was handed over to him and executed. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 205.

[German version] (Λανίκη/ Laníkē; probably a short form of Ἑλλανίκη, Hellaníkē, Curt. 8,1,21). Sister of Cleitus [6], wet-nurse of Alexander [4], who allegedly plaintively called on her after Cleitus' death (Arr. Anab. 4,9,3f.; Curt. 8,2,8f.). L.'s husband is unknown. Two of her sons fell at Miletus, one - Proteas - became famous as a drinking-companion of Alexander (Ath. 4,129a; Ael. VH 12,26). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, no. 462, cf. no. 664.

(Βάλακρος; Bálakros). Various men with this name served as officers under Alexander [4] the Great. [German version] [1] Satrap of Cilicia, after 333 BC Son of a certain Nicanor, married Phila, daughter of  Antipater [1], who bore him a son. First   somatophýlax , after the battle of Issus, was appointed satrap of Cilicia, where he fought with great success against the mountain tribes, but fell in battle shortly before Alexander's death. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 200 Heckel 260. [German version] [2] Commander of the Greek allied infantry from 334/33 BC Son of …

[German version] From Salamis, Late Hellenistic  Alexander historian, invented a Roman delegation to which  Alexander [4] prophesied Rome's future greatness (FGrH 143). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

[German version] (Βαρσίνη; Barsínē). Artabazus' daughter, first married to Mentor of Rhodes, then to his brother Memmon. After the battle of Issus, B. was captured in Damascus. She became Alexander the Great's lover and gave birth to his son  Heracles (probably in 327 BC). She and her son returned to Asia Minor, probably soon after Alexander's marriage to Roxane. In 309 she was murdered in Pergamum following  Polyperchon's order. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 206.

[German version] Satrap of  Susa under  Darius, father of  Oxathres. In 331 BC he handed the city over to  Alexander [4] with 50,000 silver  talents and was confirmed as satrap. The subdued  Uxii were subordinated to him. During the cleansing after Alexander's losses in  Gedrosia (324), A. and his son were executed. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 5.

[German version] Younger daughter of  Hecatomnus, ruled  Caria with her brother and husband  Idrieus, after his death (344/3 BC) alone under Persian suzerainty. Deposed by her brother  Pixodarus, withdrew to the fortress Alinda, where she remained unmolested. When  Alexander [4] reached Caria (324), she handed Alinda over to him and adopted him, which secured for him the sympathies of the Carian cities and put him in view of succession. She was recognized as the Queen of Caria and she commanded Ca…

[German version] (Μοιροκλῆς/ Moiroklês, Harpocr. s.v. M.), from the dḗmos of Salaminii. Athenian politician, indicted for dishonest administration around 350 BC by Eubulus [1]. M. was one of the men whose extradition Alexander [4] the Great demanded in 335, but did not subsequently insist upon (Arr. Anab. 1,10,4; Plut. Demosthenes 23,4). In a comedy of 324, he was placed on a list of those bribed by Harpalus (Athen. 8,341f.), but he was not on the list of accused as presented by the Areopagus following an investigation. In the same year, as a member of the Eleven ( héndeka …

[German version] (Ἅρπαλος; Hárpalos). Son of Machatas, nephew of  Derdas [3] and  Phila from the dynasty of  Elimea (Ath. 13,557c), in his youth a friend of  Alexander [4] the Great and, in 337 BC, banned by  Philippus II together with the others. Physically unfit for active service, he became Alexander's treasurer (Arr. Anab. 3,6,6). At the end of 334, he fled to Megara for reasons unknown, but he was given back his old post by Alexander in the spring of 331. In 330, he remained in  Ecbatana for g…

[German version] (Λάγγαρος; Lángaros). King of the Agrianes, already a friend of Alexander [4] during the lifetime of Philip II. In 335 BC, L. attacked the Autariatae as Philip's ally to plunder their land and cover Alexander's rear in his campaign against Cleitus [8] and Glaucias [2]. Alexander rewarded him generously and offered him his half-sister Cyn(n)ane as wife, but L. died before the wedding (Arr. Anab. 1,5,1-5). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

(Κοῖνος; Koînos). [German version] [1] Son of Polemocrates, took part in all of Alexander's battles Son of Polemocrates, brother of  Cleander [3], probably from  Elimea, whose platoon of  pezetairoi he commanded; he was granted land by  Philippus II.. In 335/4 BC, C. married a daughter of  Parmenion. C. took part in all of Alexander's [4] battles from Europe to the  Hydaspes and was badly wounded at  Gaugamela. In eastern Iran, C. also acted independently, i.a. in the decisive battle against  Spitamenes. Durin…

(Δέρδας; Dérdas). A common name in the royal family of Elimea. [German version] [1] Son of a princess of Elimea, 5th cent. BC Son of  Arrhidaeus [1] and a princess of  Elimea, who in alliance with Philippus, son of  Alexander [2], and with Athenian support, attacked Athens' confederate  Perdiccas (Thuc. 1,57). In a later Athenian treaty with Perdiccas (IG I3 no. 89), he, along with other Macedonian princes, swore the oath (l. 69). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography E. Badian, From Plataea to Potidaea, 1993, 172-4 S. Hornblower, Greek Historiography, 1994, 127-30 HM 2, 18, 122f. …