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[German version] (Φίλαγρος; Phílagros). Sophist from Cilicia, regarded as arrogant and irritable (Philostr. VS 2,8), possibly related to Q. Veranius Philagrus of Cibyra [1]; pupil of Lollianus [2], probably at Athens, where he quarrelled with Herodes [16] Atticus and his pupils. He may have been Lucian's (Lucianus [1]) target in the latter's Lexiphánēs (cf. [2]). Offered the chair of Greek rhetoric at Rome (in the 170s (?) AD), he died either in Italy or at sea (Philostr. VS 2,8). His pupils included Phoenix (ibid.). Artem. 4,1 (p. 242,11-13 Pack…

(Δαμοκράτης; Damokrátēs).   [German version] (M.?) Servilius D. Freedman of M. Servilius ( cos. ord. AD 3) whose daughter he cured (Plin. HN 24,7,28). Under Nero and Vespasian he wrote prescriptions in iambic trimeters in the didactic tradition of  Apollodorus [7]; some of these are extant in  Galen. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography Edition: F. Cats Bussemaker, Poetae bucolici et didactici, 1862.

[German version] (Τυρταῖος; Tyrtaîos). Spartan elegist and aulete, c. 640 BC (Suda s.v. Τυρταῖος, 1205; cf. T.' dating of Theopompus [1] to two generations before his own day, 5 W). The (probably Hellenistic) edition of his poems in 5 vols. (Suda loc.cit.) contains (1) martial exhortatory elegies, (2) the Eunomía and (3) war songs. (1) The battle exhortations (ὑποθῆκαι/ hypothêkai, Suda loc.cit.) urged the Spartans (always in the pl.) to courageous action against the enemy (Messenians: 23 W; Arcadians and Argives: 23a W). Honour in victory or death wa…

[German version] (Eχέμβροτος; Echémbrotos) Arcadian aulode and elegist. Paus. 10,7,5-6 reports about his victory in the aulode competition during the newly arranged Pythian Games in 586 BC and quotes his verse(?) epigram on a tripod in Thebes dedicated to Hercules. His description as a singer of μέλεα καὶ ἐλέγους is the earliest record of the term élegoi. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography IEG 2, 62 M. L. West, Studies in Greek Elegy and Iambus, 1974.

[German version] (Ἀψίνης; Apsínēs) Valerius [1] A., sophist from Gadara, pupil of the sophist Heracleides and of Basilicus, a teacher of Gaianus, rival of Fronto of Emesa in Athens during the reign of Maximinus, where he was granted the ornamenta consularia (Suda α 4735 Adler). Father of the sophist Onasimus (Suda α 4734, 4736), friend of Philostratus (Philostr. VS 2,33). The works ζητήματα and a Demosthenes commentary (Maximus Planudes 5,517 Walz) have been lost; a corrupt work περὶ τῶν ἐσχηματισμένων προβλημάτων follows a revision o…

[German version] Writer of iambics, from Phleius, 4th or 3rd cent. BC. Athenaeus is familiar with οἱ καταλογάδην ἴαμβοι (prose mixed with verse?), that are characterized by compound nouns (445b), and a work about Eros (639a), from which he however transmits no fragment, but just an anecdote (631f.). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford)

[German version] (Μοιραγένης; Moiragénēs). Author of ‘Memories of the Magus and Philosopher Apollonius of Tyana (Τὰ Ἀπολλωνίου τοῦ Τυανέως μάγου καὶ φιλοσόφου ἀπομνημονεύματα: Orig. contra Celsum 6,41). The title and size (4 volumes according to Philostr. Ap. 1,3, who bluntly dismisses M. as ignorant regarding Apollonius [14]) suggest that M. (cf. Apollonius of Tyana, epist. 16,17) was not presenting Apollonius in an unfavourable light as a ‘charlatan’ ( góēs), but favourably as a ‘magus’ ( mágos). He is  possibly the M. mentioned in Plut. Symp. 671c and/or the M. of IG 22 6495, a con…

In Greek architecture hippodromos (ἱππόδρομος; hippódromos) denotes the racetrack for horses, which was a customary facility in the polis and the sanctuaries from the early 7th cent. (introduction of chariot races in Olympia in 680 BC). In archaic times the hippodromos was a first-rate place of aristocratic representation, where wealth could be demonstrated visibly before the public through the ownership and regular use of pure-bred race horses. The u-shaped facilities were surrounded by ranks for spectators and furnished with a star…

[German version] (Ἡδύλη; Hēdýlē). According to Ath. 297a, the daughter of the Attic female iambic Moschine and the mother of  Hedylus. This means that she wrote in the early 3rd cent. BC [1]. Athenaeus allocates to H. five elegiac verses (and one word of a sixth) that stem from a poem with the title Skýlla. In it  Glaucus [2] brings his beloved  Scylla maritime presents, presumably before her monstrous metamorphosis, in Sicily or southern Italy (cf. Ov. Met. 13, 904ff.; Hyg. Fab. 199). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography 1 GA I,2, 289. SH 456 U. v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Lesefrüchte, in:…

(Δαμιανός; Damianós). [German version] T. Flavius Damianus. Sophist from Ephesus Sophist from Ephesus, where he financed public and private buildings, among them a dining-hall and stoaí the length of one stadion (Philostr. VS 2,23). In three discussions before his death at the age of 70 ( c. AD 210?) he gave his student Philostratus the material for the biography of his teachers Aelius Aristides and Hadrianus of Tyre. As γραμματεύς ( grammateús) he housed Roman troops returning from the Parthian Wars in 166/7 (IK 17.1,3080) and in 170/1 honoured the proconsul Asiae Nonius Macrinus wit…

(Ἀρχίλοχος; Archílochos) From Paros and Thasos, one of the earliest known poets of elegiac, iambic and epodic poetry. [German version] A. Life and Poetry A., son of Telesicles, who guided a Parian colony in 675 BC to Thasos [1], wrote poetry ca. 670-640 [2; 3], cf. the mention of Gyges (died c. 652) as exemplum in 19W (= IEG) and the misfortune of the city of Magnesia in 20W (probably its destruction by Treres, cf. Callinus 5W in Strabon, 14,1,40). The eclipse of the sun in 122W possibly may been have that of 6th April 648. Elegies: amongst the sparse remnants, two poems give comfort on t…

[German version] (Σκοπελιανός; Skopelianós). Sophist from Clazomenae, active c. 80-115 AD. According to Philostr. VS 1,21,514, our only source, S. was taught by Nicetes [2], presumably in Smyrna where S. too taught (his pupils included Polemon) and declaimed. Renowned especially for subjects drawn from the Persian Wars, S. had a vigorous style (apparent also in his epic Γιγαντία ( Gigantía), criticised as 'dithyrambic'. Like his ancestors he was high priest of the province of Asia (ἀρχιερεύς/ archiereús). Often an envoy to emperors, c. 92 AD he successfully opposed Domitian's…

[German version] (Σκυθῖνος; Skythînos). iambic poet from Teos (Steph. Byz. s. v. Τέως), perhaps 5th or 4th century B.C. S. composed a poem expounding Heraclitus' [1] philosophy (cited in Diog. Laert. 9,16 = fr. 46 Wehrli), perhaps entitled On Nature (περὶ φύσεως), as in the lemma of Stob. 1,8,43 citing fr. 2 W. on 'time', either in prose or in corrupted trochaic tetrameters [1], the metre of S.' two lines about Apollo's lyre cited Plut. de Pyth. or. 16,402a. Ath. 11,461e cites an account of Herakles' conquests from an apparently prose ‘ historía’ (FGrH 13 F 1). Iambographers  Bowie, Ewen (O…

[German version] (Ζηνόθεμις; Zēnóthemis). Elegiac poet, probably from the late 4th or early 3rd cent. BC. The only surviving fragment is an elegiac distichon from a Periplous which names the Issedones and the Arismaspi as neighbours (SH 855, quoted by Tzetz. Chil. 7,765f.). This poem is probably also the source of references to Hyperboreans (ibid. 7, 642-671 = SH 856), Amazones in Ethiopia (schol. Apoll. Rhod. 2,963-965c = SH 857), and fish in a Paeonic lake that are fed alive to cattle (Ael. NA 17,30…

[German version] (Σημωνίδης/ Sēmōnídēs: Choiroboskos in Etym. M. 713,17; most citations spell Σιμωνίδης/ Simōnídēs). One of the earliest known composers of iambic poetry (Iambographers) of the 7th cent. The dating of Cyrillus (Contra Iulianum 1,14) to 664-611 BC is to be preferred (cf. Archilochus) to that of the Suda σ 446 to 490 years after the Trojan War, i.e. 693 BC (cf. the information wrongly transmitted under Simmias σ 431). According to the Suda σ 431 he led colonists from Samos to found Minoa, Aigialos and Arkesine in Amorgos. S. wrote Íamboi and an 'Early History' (Ἀρχαιολογία/ Ar…

(Ἱππῶναξ; Hippônax). [German version] A. Person H. was a poet of iambs (ἰαμβοποιός; iambopoiós) from Ephesus (cf. Callim. fr. 203,13). Based on the Marmor Parium 42, his life can be dated from c. 541/0 BC, Pliny (HN 36,11) mentions Ol. 60 = 540-537 BC. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) [German version] B. Metrics As opposed to  Archilochus and  Semonides, H. is not attributed with elegiac verses. In his Íamboi, he primarily (1-114a, 155-155b West) used choliambic trimeters (x -  - x -  - x - x) interspersed with occasional pure trimeters (e.g. 36,4; 42,4; 118a W.). Also …

[German version] (Κλονᾶς; Klonâs). Poet and musician who is claimed to be from both Tegea and Thebes; possibly early 7th cent. BC, as he is classified between  Terpander and  Archilochus (Ps.-Plut. De musica 1133a). Heraclides Ponticus (fr. 157 Wehrli = Ps.-Plut. ibid. 1131f-1132c, cf. Poll. 4,79) credits him with elegiac poems and hexameters as well as with having introduced nómoi for vocal music (αὐλῴδια/ aulṓidia) accompanied on the aulós, and processional songs (προσόδια/ prosódia). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography M. L. West, Ancient Greek Music, 1992, 333-334.

[German version] (Μίμνερμος; Mímnermos) of Colophon or Smyrna, 2nd half of the 7th century BC. One of the earliest writers of Greek elegy. In antiquity, he was viewed, along with Callinus [1] and Archilochus as its possible ‘inventor’. The Suda dates M. to the 37th Olympiad (632-629 BC), but the opinion of scholars is divided: that M. was still living around 600 cannot be proved by citing Solon (20 W., purporting to be a reply to M.) ( contra [7]); praise of a victor from an earlier generation over the Lydians (14 W.), as well as a poem about a battle against Gyges [1] (P…

[German version] (Πανάρκης; Panárkēs). Date and origin uncertain; Ath. 452c, adducing Clearchus' [6] On Riddles (Περὶ γρίφων, Perì gríphōn), attributes riddles to him but cites only one, known also from Pl. Resp. 479b, where the scholiast quotes two versions, each in four iambic trimeters, and attributes them to Clearchus = fr. 95 Wehrli. It is uncertain whether P. lived as early as that, or whether the riddle was attributed to him, in Plato's time. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford)

[German version] (Πολύμνηστος/ Polýmnēstos), son of Meles. Epic and elegiac poet of the 7th cent. BC from Colophon. Ps.-Plut. De musica 1132c-d reports that according to Heraclides Ponticus (fr. 157 Wehrli), P. lived after Clonas and Terpander, and composed aulodic nomoi (αὐλῳδικοὶ νόμοι/ aulōidikoì nómoi; Nomos [3]), the so-called Polymnḗsteia (Πολυμνήστεια) (1132d). In connection with the establishment (κατάστασις/ katástasis) of the 'Second School' of Greek music on the Peloponnese, Ps.-Plutarch links him with, among others, Thale(ta)s of Gortyn and…

[German version] (Πίγρης; Pígrēs). Poet from Halicarnassus, son (Plut. Mor. 873f) or brother (Suda π 1551) of Artemisia [1], c. 480 BC (provided the person was not invented; on the Carian name cf. Hdt. 7,98; Syll.3 46,28). Plutarch (if this is not an interpolation [1]) ascribes the Batrachomyomachía to P.; the Suda adds the Margítes and an Iliás, in which P. follows each hexameter in Homer with a pentameter. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography 1 R. Peppmüller, Review of A. Ludwich, Der Karer P. und sein Tierepos Batrachomachia, 1896, in: PhW 21, 1901, 673-679.

[German version] I. Concept A term often used by modern scholarship, particularly for the Greek culture (esp. literary culture) during the Roman Empire between AD 60 and AD 230 when 'Sophistic declamation' (μελέτη/melétē) became one of the most prestigious cultural activities in the Greek world. Philostratus (Philostr.VS 1 praefatio 481, cf. 1,18,507) first uses (and, it seems, coined) the term 'Second Sophistic' to distinguish the declamatory conventions that he claims were introduced by Aeschines ( i.e., for example, the adoption of 'personae' of oligarchs, tyrants o…

[German version] (Κλεοβουλίνη). (Probably fictive) daughter of  Cleobulus [1] of Lindus, to whom riddles in an elegiac distichon (Fr. 1-2 West) or a single hexameter (Fr. 3 W.) have been attributed since the late 5th cent. BC (Dissoi logoi 3,10 = Fr. 2 W.). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford)

[German version] (Χρηστός; Chrēstós) from Byzantium. Sophist; pupil and emulator of  Herodes Atticus; taught in Athens. He had 100 pupils, among them many of significance; an alcoholic; he declined the attempt of the Athenians shortly after 180 to appoint him as successor to Hadrianus as professor of rhetoric in Athens. He died at c. 50 years of age (Philostr. VS 2,11). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography I. Avotins, The Holders of the Chairs of Rhetoric at Athens, in: HSPh 79, 1975, 320-1.

[German version] Ionian iambographer (?  c. 6th cent. BC). Athenaeus quotes four choliambic fragments: three in trimeters and one in nine tetrameters (9W, the longest), on the most appropriate foods for the respective season. Athenaeus ascribes 2W either to A. or Hipponax; Stobaeus ascribes 3W to Hipponax, and the scholiast of Arist. Ran. 659 ff. that ascribes to A. which Dionysus ascribes to Hipponax, in which there is an underlying confusion in ascribing it to about 406/5 BC. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography IEG 2,34-36.

[German version] A. Archaic and Classical Poets Among archaic Greek poets,  Archilochus,  Semonides and  Hipponax were regarded as the earliest authors of iambics ( íamboi), followed by  Ananius and, later in the 5th century BC,  Hermippus [1]. The term iambopoioí is found not before the Byzantine lexica. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) [German version] B. Term and metrics ί̓αμβος ( íambos) seems, although its earliest use (Archil. 215 W) is not decisive, initially to identify a type of poem defined by content (cf. Pl. Leg. 935e) rather than by metre (cf. Hdt. 1…

(Δαμοκράτης). [English version] (M.?) Servilius D. Freigelassener des M. Servilius ( cos. ord. 3 n.Chr.), dessen Tochter er heilte (Plin. nat. 24,7,28). Er verfaßte unter Nero und Vespasian Rezepte in iambischen Trimetern in der didaktischen Tradition des Apollodoros [7]; einige davon sind bei Galenos erhalten. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography Ed.: F.Cats Bussemaker, Poetae bucolici et didactici, 1862.

von Paros und Thasos, einer der frühesten bekannten Dichter elegischer, iambischer und epodischer Dichtung. [English version] A. Leben und Dichtung A., Sohn des Telesikles, der um 675 v. Chr. eine parische Kolonie nach Thasos führte [1], dichtete ca. 670- 640 [2; 3], vgl. die Erwähnung des Gyges (gest. ca. 652) als exemplum in 19W (= IEG) und das Unglück der Stadt Magnesia in 20W (wahrscheinlich ihre Zerstörung durch Treres, vgl. Kallinos 5W bei Strabon, 14,1,40). Die Sonnenfinsternis in 122W kann, muß aber nicht, die vom 6. April 648 sein. Elegien: Von den spärlichen Resten sprech…

[English version] (Κλονᾶς). Dichter und Musiker, der sowohl von Tegea als auch von Theben in Anspruch genommen wird; vielleicht frühes 7. Jh.v.Chr., da er zw. Terpandros und Archilochos eingeordnet wurde (Ps.-Plut. De musica 1133a). Herakleides Pontikos (fr. 157 Wehrli = Ps.-Plut. ebd. 1131f-1132c, vgl. Poll. 4,79) schreibt ihm elegische und hexametrische Gedichte sowie die Einführung von nómoi für den vom aulós begleiteten Gesang (αὐλῴδια/ aulṓdia) und von Prozessionsliedern (προσόδια/ prosódia) zu. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography M.L. West, Ancient Greek Music, 199…

[English version] (Χρηστός) aus Byzantion. Sophist, Schüler und Nacheiferer des Herodes Atticus; lehrte in Athen. Er hatte 100 Schüler, darunter viele bedeutende; trunksüchtig; er lehnte den Versuch der Athener ab, ihn kurz nach 180 zum Nachfolger des Hadrianos auf dem Lehrstuhl der Rhet. in Athen zu machen. Er starb im Alter von ca. 50 Jahren (Philostr. soph. 2,11). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography I. Avotins, The Holders of the Chairs of Rhetoric at Athens, in: HSPh 79, 1975, 320-1.

[English version] Ion. Jambograph (? ca. 6. Jh. v. Chr.). Athenaios zitiert vier choliambische Fragmente: drei in Trimetern und eines in neun Tetrametern (9W, das längste), auf die zu den jeweiligen Jahreszeiten am besten passenden Speisen. 2W schreibt er entweder A. oder Hipponax zu; Stobaios gibt 3W an Hipponax, und der Scholiast von Arist. Ran. 659 ff. schreibt A. zu, was Dionysos an Hipponax gibt, wobei er eine Verwechslung bei der Zuschreibung um 406/5 v. Chr. zugrundelegt. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography IEG 2,34-36.

[English version] Valerius [1] A., Sophist aus Gadara, Schüler des Sophisten Herakleides und des Basilikos, Lehrer das Gaianos, Rivale des Fronto von Emesa in Athen während der Regierungszeit des Maximinus, wo ihm die ornamenta consularia verliehen wurden (Suda α 4735 Adler). Vater des Sophisten Onasimos (Suda α 4734, 4736), Freund des Philostratos (Philostr. soph. 2,33). Die Werke μελέται, ζητήματα und ein Demostheneskomm. (Maximos Planudes 5,517 Walz) sind verloren; ein korruptes Werk περὶ τῶν ἐσχηματισμένων προβλημάτων folgt …

[English version] (Ἡδύλη). Nach Athen. 297a die Tochter der att. Iambendichterin Moschine und die Mutter von Hedylos; also schrieb sie im frühen 3. Jh. v.Chr. [1]. Athenaios weist H. fünf elegische Verse (und ein Wort eines sechsten) zu, die aus einem Gedicht mit dem Titel Skýlla stammen. Darin bringt Glaukos [2] in Sizilien oder Südit. seiner geliebten Skylla maritime Geschenke, vermutlich vor ihrer monströsen Metamorphose (vgl. Ov. met. 13, 904ff.; Hyg. fab. 199). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography 1 GA I,2, 289. SH 456  U. v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Lesefrüchte, in: Hermes 6…

[English version] (Φίλαγρος). Sophist aus Kilikien, galt als arrogant und reizbar (Philostr. soph. 2,8), möglicherweise mit Q. Veranius Philagros aus Kibyra [1] verwandt; Schüler des Lollianos [2], wahrscheinlich in Athen, wo er sich mit Herodes [16] Atticus und dessen Schülern stritt, und möglicherweise Zielscheibe des Lukianos [1] in dessen Lexiphánēs (vgl. [2]). Auf den Lehrstuhl für griech. Rhet. in Rom berufen (in den 170er (?) Jahren n.Chr.), starb er in Italien oder auf See (Philostr. soph. 2,8). Zu seinen Schülern gehörte Phoinix (ebd.…

[English version] (Πίγρης). Dichter aus Halikarnassos, Sohn (Plut. mor. 873f) oder Bruder (Suda π 1551) der Artemisia [1], ca. 480 v.Chr. (sofern die Person nicht erfunden ist; zum karischen Namen vgl. Hdt. 7,98; Syll.3 46,28). Plutarchos (falls nicht Itp. [1]) schreibt P. die Batrachomyomachía zu, die Suda fügt auch noch den Margítes und eine Iliás hinzu, in der bei P. ein Pentameter jedem homer. Hexameter folgte. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography 1 R. Peppmüller, Rez. A. Ludwich, Der Karer P. und sein Tierepos Batrachomachia, 1896, in: PhW 21, 1901, 673-679.

(Ἱππῶναξ). [English version] A. Zur Person H. war Iambendichter (ἰαμβοποιός) aus Ephesos (vgl. Kall. fr. 203,13). Seine Lebenszeit ist nach dem Marmor Parium 42 um ca. 541/0 v.Chr. zu datieren, Plinius (nat. 36,11) nennt Ol. 60 = 540-537 v.Chr. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) [English version] B. Metrik Anders als Archilochos und Semonides werden H. keine elegischen Verse zugeschrieben. In seinen Íamboi verwandte er hauptsächlich (1-114a, 155-155b West) choliambische Trimeter (x -  - x -  - x - x), durchsetzt mit gelegentlichen reinen Trimetern (z.B. 36,4; 42,4;…

[English version] Arkadischer Aulode und Elegiker. Paus. 10,7,5-6 berichtet von seinem Sieg im Aulodenwettbewerb bei den neugestalteten pythischen Spielen 586 v.Chr. und zitiert sein Vers(?)epigramm auf einem dem Herkules geweihten Dreifuß in Theben. Seine Beschreibung als Sänger von μέλεα καὶ ἐλέγους ist der früheste Beleg des Terminus élegoi. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography IEG 2, 62  M.L. West, Studies in Greek Elegy and Iambus, 1974.

(Δαμιανός). [English version] T. Flavius D. Sophist aus Ephesos, wo er öffentliche und private Bauten finanzierte, darunter ein Speisesaal und stoaí von der Länge eines Stadions (Philostr. soph. 2,23). Vor seinem Tod mit 70 Jahren (ca. 210 n.Chr.?) lieferte er seinem Schüler Philostratos in drei Gesprächen den Stoff für die Biographie seiner Lehrer Ailios Aristeides und Hadrianos von Tyros. Als γραμματεύς ( grammateús) beherbergte er röm. Truppen, die von den Partherkriegen 166/7 zurückkehrten (IK 17.1,3080) und ehrte den proconsul Asiae Nonius Macrinus 170/1 mit einer Sta…

[English version] (Κλεοβουλίνη). (Wahrscheinlich fiktive) Tochter des Kleobulos [1] von Lindos, der Rätsel in einem elegischen Distichon (fr. 1-2 West) oder einem einzigen Hexameter (fr. 3 W.) schon seit dem späten 5. Jh.v.Chr. zugeschrieben wurden (Dissoi logoi 3,10 = fr. 2 W.). Bowie, Ewen (Oxford)

[English version] (Μίμνερμος) aus Kolophon oder Smyrna, 2. Hälfte 7. Jh.v.Chr. Einer der frühesten Verf. von griech. Elegien; der Ant. galt er neben Kallinos [1] und Archilochos als deren möglicher “Erfinder”. Die Suda datiert M. in die 37. Ol. (632-629 v.Chr.), die Meinungen der Forsch. sind geteilt: Daß M. um 600 noch lebte, ist aus Solon (20 W., einer vorgeblichen Erwiderung auf M.) nicht beweisbar (dagegen [7]); zu einer Datier. um 640 v.Chr. passen das Lob eines Siegers einer früheren Generat…

[English version] A. Personenkreis Unter den archa. griech. Dichtern wurden vornehmlich Archilochos, Semonides und Hipponax, aber auch Ananios und später im 5. Jh. v.Chr. Hermippos als Verfasser von Iamben ( íamboi) bezeichnet. Der Begriff iambopoioí ist mit Sicherheit nicht vor die byz. Lexika zu datieren. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) [English version] B. Begriff und Metrik des Iambos Der Begriff “Iambos” (ἴαμβος) scheint anfänglich einen Gedichttypus zu identifizieren, der eher durch seinen Inhalt (vgl. Plat. leg. 935e) als durch das Metrum definiert werd…

[English version] (Μοιραγένης). Verf. von ‘Erinnerungen des Magiers und Philosophen Apollonios von Tyana (Τὰ Ἀπολλωνίου τοῦ Τυανέως μάγου καὶ φιλοσόφου ἀπομνημονεύματα: Orig. contra Celsum 6,41). Titel und Umfang (4 B. nach Philostr. Ap. 1,3, der M. bezüglich Apollonios [14] ohne Umschweife als Ignoranten abtut) legen nahe, daß M. (vgl. Apollonios von Tyana, epist. 16,17) Apollonios nicht in einem ungünstigen Licht als “Scharlatan” ( góēs), sondern in einem günstigen als “Magier” ( mágos) darstellte. M. ist evtl. der bei Plut. symp. 671c erwähnte M. und/oder der (h…

[English version] (Πολύμνηστος), Sohn des Meles. Epischer und elegischer Dichter des 7. Jh. v. Chr. aus Kolophon. Ps.-Plut. de musica 1132c-d referiert, daß P. laut Herakleides Pontikos (fr. 157 Wehrli) nach Klonas und Terpandros lebte und aulodische Nomoi (αὐλῳδικοὶ νόμοι, aulōidikoí nómoi; nómos [3]), die sog. Polymnḗsteia (Πολυμνήστεια) komponierte (1132d). Ps.-Plutarchos bringt ihn - im Zusammenhang mit der Etablierung (κατάστασις) der “zweiten Schule” der griech. Musik auf der Peloponnes - u. a. mit Thale(ta)s von Gortyn und mit Sakad…

[English version] (Πανάρκης). Datier. und Herkunft unsicher; Athen. 452c (der Klearchos' [6] ‘Über Rätsel/Περὶ γρίφων heranzieht) schreibt ihm Rätsel zu, zitiert aber nur eines, welches auch aus Plat. rep. 479b bekannt ist (dort zitiert der Scholiast zwei Versionen von jeweils vier iambischen Trimetern und weist sie Klearchos zu = fr. 95 Wehrli). Es ist unsicher, ob jener P. schon in Platons Zeit lebte oder das Rätsel ihm zugeschrieben wurde. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford)

[English version] Jambograph aus Phleius, 4. oder 3.Jh. v.Chr. Athenaios kennt οἱ καταλογάδην ἴαμβοι (Prosa gemischt mit Versen?), die sich durch zusammengesetzte Nomina auszeichnen (445b), und eine Dichtung über Eros (639a), wovon er aber kein Fragment, sondern nur eine Anekdote (631f.) überliefert. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford)

(Τέττιξ, lit. “cicada”). [German version] [1] Founder of a city at the entrance to Hades A Cretan said to have founded a city on the Taenarum near the supposed entrance to Hades: there the man who killed Archilochus in battle, Callondas, nicknamed Corax, was sent by Delphi to placate Archilochus' ghost (Plut. De sera 17.615E, whence Suda α 4112, probably via Ael. (fr. 80)). The hypothesis of [1] that Archilochus called himself T. remains unproven, in spite of Lucian, Pseudol. 1 and Archil. fr. 223  West. Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) Bibliography 1 Göber, s. v. T. (1), RE 5 A, 1111. [German version] [2…

(Ἁδριανός; Hadrianós) [1]. [German version] [1] Rhetor Sophist from Tyre, at 18 years of age a favourite pupil of  Herodes Atticus (Philostr. VS 2,10,585-586). With  Flavius Boethus (also from Phoenicia) he attended the anatomy lectures of  Galen in Rome in AD 162-166 (Gal. 14,627; 629 Kuhn). He may perhaps have been the target of mockery in Lucian's Pseudologístēs [1]. He taught in Ephesus (Philostr. VS 2,23,605) and (163-169) [2] honoured his patron there, the consular Cn.  Claudius [II 64] Severus, with a statue and a poem [3; 4]. From 176 at the l…

(Καλλῖνος; Kallînos). [German version] [1] Elegiac poet Elegiac poet from Ephesus, c. 650 BC. His only long fr. (21 verses, 1 W./G.-P., from Stobaeus) urges young men ( néoi), presumably symposiasts, to defend their city. The enemy were perhaps the Cimmerians -- they are mentioned in a hexameter in 5(a) W./G.-P., which was adduced by Str. 14,1,40 (cf. 13,4,8) as evidence for a Cimmerian invasion that led to the capture of Sardes (thus c. 652 BC). This invasion had taken place earlier than that of the Trerians (also in 4 W./G.-P.), which destroyed Magnesia. In theme, …

(Φωκυλίδης/ Phōkylídēs). [German version] [1] Poet from Miletus, c. 540 BC Greek poet from Miletus (Phryn. 336, p. 463 R.; Suda) who wrote hexameters and elegiac gnomai (gnome; elegiac: Athen. 632d; both: Suda φ 643), c. 540 BC (Suda). The Γνῶμαι/ Gnômai, aphorisms, are ascribed to P. by many authors (e.g. Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Strabo, Dion [I 3] Chrysostomus, Athenaeus, Clement of Alexandria). They begin (as do those of Demodocus [2] of Lerus) with καὶ τόδε Φωκυλίδου/ kai tóde Phōkulídou, 'P. says this, too'). They are written in hexameters (from one to eight verses…

I. Greek [German version] A. Definition Poem in elegiac verse metre (alternating a dactylic catalectic hexameter and a pentameter). This important Greek literary genre is documented since c. 650 BC. Once the inscriptional  epigram had developed into the literary epigram and the elegiac distich had become its customary verse metre, often no difference was recognizable between the two genres. The Greek metric term for the couplet is elegeíon (ἐλεγείον; formed from élegos, ἔλεγος), first in Pherecrates PCG VII, fr. 162,10 (in plural) and Critias 4,3 West, later docume…