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Rowlands, Daniel

(102 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] (1713, Pantybeudy, Wales – Oct 16, 1790, Llangeitho, Wales), revival preacher. He was ordained a priest in the Church of Wales in 1735 but was then converted in 1736 under the influence of Griffith Jones on Llanddowror. Immediately Rowland’s preaching, as curate of Llangeitho, attracted large crowds. By 1737 he was also establishing local societies in the Methodist pattern. In connection with fellow revivalist H. Harris, Rowland laid the groundwork for what became in the 19th century the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Connexion. Mark A. Noll Bibliography E. Evans, Danie…

Know-Nothings

(158 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] The Know-Nothing Party was a 19th-century political organization that emerged in the New England states and in New York, and was based on opposition to Roman Catholicism. It began as a secret society among Protestants, who feared the effects of rising immigration. They answered “we know nothing” when questioned about the existence of their group. In their view, Catholic immigrants competed unfairly for jobs, demanded state aid for Catholic schools, and followed the dictates of pol…

Stiles, Ezra

(104 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] (Nov 29, 1727, North Haven, CT – May 12, 1795, New Haven, CT), Congregationalist minister and college president, entering the ministry (1755) as pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Newport, Rhode Island. There he opposed the slave trade and engaged in a variety of scientific and literary …

Seton, Elizabeth Ann Bailey (Saint)

(137 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] (Aug 28, 1774, New York – Jan 4, 1821, Emmitsburg, MD), founder of a religious community. Seton traveled to Italy in 1803, where she was introduced to the Roman Catholic Church. Following her husband’s death and her return to the United States in 1804, she continued to study the Catholic faith and on Mar 14, 1805, entered the church. After moving to Maryland in 1808, she opened a school for girls and then joined the Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph, whose first American director…

Stone, Barton Warren

(131 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] (Dec 24, 1772, near Port Tobacco, MD – Nov 9, 1844, Hannibal, MO), leader of the American Restoration Movement, was ordained as Presbyterian, but early on began to doubt aspects of traditional Presbyterian practice. In 1801 he was the ¶ key figure in the great Cane Ridge revival meeting in Kentucky (Revival/Revival movements: II). In an active career as preacher, writer ( Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery, 1804), and editor, he promoted an apocalyptic vision of Christian faith, the practic…

Mind-Cure Movements

(266 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] Mind-cure movements, which arose in several places in the United States throughout the 19th century, shared a common commitment to metaphysical idealism and a belief in the ability of the mind to overcome physical illness. They were anticipated by aspects of animal magnetism supported by F.A. Mesmer and the spiritual biblical hermeneutics of E. Swedenborg. An earlier proponent was W.F. Evans (1817–1887), author of The Primitive Mind Cure (1885). Even more important was P.P. Quimby (1802–1866), who viewed God as a personified First …

Evangelical Union, The

(143 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] The Evangelical Union was formed in Scotland in May 1843 by James Morison and several other theological Arminians who had been excluded from the United Secession Church for promoting a theology of universal atonement, human free will, Congregational polity, and the Bible alone without ¶ creeds. The Union was influenced in many of its views by the American revivalist Charles G. Finney. It enjoyed particular success in urban ministry, where it was known for a firm stand against the use of liquor but also for considerable flexibility in liturgy (including the introduction of the first organ in a Scottish Presbyterian or Congregational church, Glasgow 1851). The Evangelical Union had established 90 churches by the time of its merger in 1896 with Scotland's Congregational Union.…

Lightfoot, John

(155 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] (Mar 29, 1602, Stoke-upon-Trent, England – Dec 6, 1675, Ely) was a noted Hebraist, educated at Cambridge. He later became influenced by Sir Rowland Cotton, a lay student of Hebrew, and began studying Semitic languages. From 1629 onwards he published a series of works using his extensive knowledge of the Talmud to elucidate the Christian scriptures. From 1643 until his death he served both as rector of Much Mund…

Otterbein, Philipp Wilhelm

(170 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[German Version] ( Jun 2, 1726, Dillenburg, Prussia – Nov 17, 1813, Baltimore, MD), German Reformed minister who became a founder of the United Brethren in Christ. Otterbein went to the United States in 1752 at the invitation of the German Reformed Pietist, Michael Schlatter (1718–1790). Otterbein had been educated in Calvinist and Pietist teachings at the Reformed University of Herborn (Reformed Colleges in Germany). In America, Otterbein energetical…

Orange Order

(268 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.

The Civil War as a Theological Crisis

(104 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A
Bibliographic entr…

Plymouth-Kolonie

(176 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Plymouth-Kolonie, eine Siedlung engl. Puritaner im Südosten von Massachusetts. Diese wanderten unter der Führung von Pfarrer J. Robinson nach ihrer Trennung von der engl. Staatskirche zunächst von Scooby, Nottinghamshire, nach Holland aus. Obwohl sie dort Glaubensfreiheit fanden, machte ihnen die Erziehung ihrer Kinder Sorge. Im September 1620 brachen daher 41 Siedler mit 61 anderen Passagieren an Bord der Mayflower nach Vir…

Society for Ethical Culture

(171 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Society for Ethical Culture, 1876 in New York von F. Adler gegründet. Der Reformjude (Reformjudentum) Adler lehnte den traditionellen Monotheismus ab, betrachtete aber weiter die HB und die Person Jesu als Quellen der Inspiration. Unter dem Motto »deed, not creed« (Tat, nicht Glaubensbekenntnis) warb er für das Bemühen des einzelnen anstatt für Institutionen und ritualisierte Traditionen. Die S. mit ihren sonntäglichen Gottesdiensten und huma…

Tindley

(182 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Tindley, Charles Albert (7.7.1856 Berlin, MD – 29.7.1933 Philadelphia, PA), berühmter Prediger und Vf. von Gospel-Liedern (Gospel-Musik), wurde als Sohn ehem. Sklaven geboren; schon in jungen Jahren faßte er den Entschluß, methodistischer Pfarrer zu werden. 1900 wurde er Pfarrer an der Bainbridge Street Methodist Church in Philadelphia, die schon bald zu einem Zentrum des rel. Lebens für die schwarze Bevölkerung …

Spencer

(158 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Spencer, Herbert (27.4.1820 Derby, England – 8.12.1903 Brighton, ebd.), Sozialwissenschaftler und Schriftsteller, arbeitete zunächst als Eisenbahningenieur und polit. Journalist. Mit seinem »System of Synthetic Philosophy« (1862–1896) begründete er seinen Ruf als früher Sozialwissenschaftler und umfassender Denker bzgl. Gesellschaft, Erziehung, Ethik und Politik. Auf all diesen Gebieten brachte er allg. Evolutionsideen zur Anwendung. Evolution er…

Southcott

(162 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Southcott, Joanna (April 1750 [getauft 6.6.] Devonshire – 27.12.1814 London), selbsternannte Prophetin, die im frühen 19.Jh. eine beträchtliche Anhängerschaft um sich sammelte. Aus einer Bauernfamilie stammend, trat sie 1792 den Methodisten bei, brach mit ihnen aber zwei Jahre später, nachdem sie begonnen hatte, Prophezeiungen zu verkünden. Ihr erster Traktat »The Strange Effects of Faith« (1801) schildert ihre Erw…

Robinson

(166 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Robinson, Edward (10.4.1794 Southington, CT – 27.1.1863 New York City), seinerzeit einer der einflußreichsten amer. Bibelwissenschaftler. Nach seinem Abschluß 1816 am Hamilton College war R. von 1823–1826 Doz. für Hebr. am Andover Seminary, MS, wo er zutiefst von Moses Stuarts Anwendung der dt. Philol. und des Kritizismus beeinflußt wurde. R. studierte von 1826 bis 1830 in Deutschland, wurde anschließend in Andover Prof. für bibl. Lit. und gründete do…

Sheen

(165 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.

Nordamerika, Theologie in

(2,060 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] In keinem Bereich ist der Status Amerikas als intellektuelle Kolonie Europas so offensichtlich wie in seiner offiziellen christl. Theol. Mit nur wenigen Ausnahmen waren die röm.-kath. Theologen in Amerika zufrieden damit, der Führung von Europäern zu folgen, was sich in der amer. Förderung des Neothomismus von etwa 1870 bis 1960 als wichtigstem Beispiel zeigt. Eine ähnliche Situation zeigt sich in der orth. Theol. – mit dem Unterschied, daß der eur. Einfluß in Gestalt russ. Flüch…

Seton

(110 words)

Author(s): Noll, Mark A.
[English Version] Seton, Elizabeth Ann Bailey (28.8.1774 New York – 4.1.1821 Emmitsburg, MD), Ordensgründerin. S. kam während einer Italienreise 1803 mit der röm.-kath. Kirche in Kontakt. Nach Tod ihres Mannes und Rückkehr in die USA 1804 trat sie am 14.3.1805 in die kath. Kirche ein. 1808 zog sie nach Maryland, eröffnete eine Mädchenschule und trat den Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph bei, deren erste amer. Oberin sie wurde. 1863 gab es bereits 11 000 Sisters of Charity in den USA. 1975 wurde sie als erste in den USA geborene amer. Staatsbürgerin heiliggesprochen. Mark A. Noll Biblio…
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