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[see sahl al-tustarī ].

[Voir Sahl al-Tustarī ].

, Abū Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Yūnus b. ʿĪsā b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Rafīʿ, an influential Ṣūfī of mediaeval Islam, was probably born in 203/818 in Tustar, K̲h̲ūzistān, and died in 283/896 in Baṣra. The essential course of his life can be reconstructed on the basis of fragmentary hagiographical accounts, included in the Ṣūfī primary sources, and incidental references of Islamic historical literature. Until a short time after his pilgrimage to Mecca in 219/834, al-Tustarī received his basic education from his maternal uncle Muḥammad b. Sawwār (who transmitted ḥadīt̲h̲ …

, Abu Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Yūnus b. ʿĪsā b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Rafīʿ, célèbre Ṣūfī de l’Islam médiéval, probablement né à Tustar, au Ḵh̲ūzistān, et mort en 283/896 à Baṣra. On peut reconstituer la majeure partie de sa vie à partir de récits hagiographiques fragmentaires que l’on trouve d’une part dans les sources sûfies et dans une moindre mesure dans la littérature islamique historique. Jusqu’à une courte période après son pèlerinage à la Mekke en 219/834, al-Tustarī reçut son éducation de base de son oncle maternel Muḥammad b. Sawwār (qui transmit des ḥadīt̲h̲s sous couvert de Sufyān a…

, abū muḥammad sahl b. ʿabdallāh b. yūnus, a Sunnī theologian and mystic, whose language was Arabic, born at Tustar (al-Ahwāz) in 203 (818) and died in exile at Baṣra in 283 (896). A pupil, through his master Ibn Sawwār, of strict Sunnīs like T̲h̲awrī and Abū ʿAmr b. al-ʿAlāʾ, Sahl was above all an ascetic of a very strict moral discipline. He was also a theologian with a vast store of intellectual knowledge. Of his life, apparently quiet and solitary, only one detail is known: his exile to Baṣra at the time of the revolt of the Zind̲j̲ (about 261=874) when the ʿulamā…

Abū ʾl-Faḍl Sahl ibn Faḍl al-Tustarī (al-Dustarī; Heb. Jashar ben Ḥesed ben Jashar) was a Karaite scholar and exegete from the famous Tustarī family. He came from Tustar (Shustar) in Persia and toward the end of the eleventh century settled in Jerusalem, where he soon entered into conflict with Jeshua ben Judah, the head of the Karaite community there. Sahl was one of the last known Karaite scholars active in Jerusalem. His son was taken captive by the Crusaders in 1099. Composing all of his works in Arabic, he wrote numerous commentaries, but nothing has been preserved except fragme…

In Band 9 | II. Grammatiker im Irak previous section Eklektiker und Unabhängige Als gegen Mitte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts die Stadt Bagdad von dem Kalifen al-Manṣūr gegründet wurde, hatten die arabischen Wissenschaften bereits eine relativ große Strecke seit ihrer Entstehungsphase zurückgelegt. Dabei hatte die arabische Nationalgrammatik durch die kontinuierliche Arbeit von - in Basra - drei bzw. in Kufa - zwei Generationen von Gelehrten eine gewisse Entwicklungsstufe erreicht, bevor die Philologen in der noch …

In Band XVI: Schöngeistige Literatur, Teil 1, Poetik, Rhetorik und Literaturtheorie, Dichterbücher, Anthologien, Kunstprosa | IV. Kunstprosa | B. Autoren previous section ḤAFṢAWAIH Nach einer Angabe von Ibn an-Nadīm (S. 135) verfaßte er als erster ein K. al-Ḫarāǧ. Vermutlich lebte er in der ersten Hälfte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts. Ibn an-Nadīm kannte ferner von ihm ein K. ar-Rasāʾil (s. Ibn an-Nadīm S. 135). YŪSUF B. AL-QĀSIM mit der kunya Abu l-Qāsim war ein kātib-Dichter unter den letzten Umaiyaden, später bei al-Manṣūr (s. GAS II, 604) und noch zu Beginn des Kalifat…

sahm (A) : in archery, an arrow made from a reed, or of hard solid wood. Ḳaws In geometry, the versed sine ( al-d̲j̲ayb al-…

The Tustarī family was a prominent house of long-distance traders, bankers, courtiers, and scholars in Fatimid Egypt between the 990s and 1050s. Manuscripts from the Cairo Geniza and the Firkovich collections have permitted the reconstruction of the family’s history over four generations. More than sixty letters, contracts, and other documents in various Geniza collections attest to its close involvement with the leadership of the Jerusalem yeshiva and the Syrian synagogue of Fustat, even though, unlike the other great merchant houses of Ibn ʿAwk…

Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Sālim (d. between 350/961 and 360/971) was a Ṣūfī, a theologian, a preacher, and a lifelong resident of Basra, who succeeded his father, Muḥammad b. Sālim (d. 297/909), as the leader of the theological-mystical Sālimiyya school, a circle of former disciples of the influential Ṣūfī master Sahl al-Tustarī (d. 283/896) and their followers, who coalesced in Basra. His full name was Abū l-Ḥasan Aḥmad b. Abī ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Abī l-Ḥasan [and/or Abī l-Aḥmad] Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Sālim b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbdallāh b. Sayyār al-Sālimī al-Nīsābūrī…

Turkic languages  of Khazars, Khazars of Krymchak Jews, Krymchaks studies of, Vambery, ArminiusTurkification, Kohen, Moïse (Tekinalp, Munis), Ventura, Michon (Moïses) of Jews in Turkey, Turkish Republic, Turkish Republic, Women - Turkey policies, Turkish Republic, Turkish Republic, Education, Thrace Riots (1934)  and antisemitism, Turkish Republic  in education, Turkish RepublicTurkish Association of Advertising Agencies (Istanbul), Medina, Cefi (Jeffi)Turkish culture, classical music, Varon, Ishak (Isak)Turkish Foundation for Social and Economic St…

, the name of a mystical-theological school in Baṣra, based on the teachings of Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sālim (d. 297/909) and his son Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sālim (d. 356/967). In the sources, father and son are often confused. Both were pupils of the famous mystic Sahl b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Tustarī (d. 282/896 [ q.v.]), Muḥammad b. Aḥmad for as long as 60 years; he therefore is to be considered as the main pupil of al-Tustarī. While Muḥammad b. Aḥmad has a separate entry in the Ṣūfī lexica and handbooks (such as those by Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī [ q.v.], ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī [see al-anṣārī al-harawī …

, nom d’une école théologicomystique à Baçra, remontant à Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sālim (m. 297/909) et à son fils Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Sālim (m. 356/967). Dans les sources, père et fils sont souvent confondus. Tous les deux étaient élèves du fameux mystique Sahl b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Tustarī [ q.v.]; Muḥammad b. Aḥmad le fut même pendant 60 ans; il peut donc être considéré comme l’élève principal d’al-Tustarī. Tandis que dans les lexiques et manuels ṣūfīs, comme p. ex. ceux d’Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī [ q.v], de ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī [voir al-Ansārī al-Harawī] et de ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulam…

Dhū l-Nūn Abū l-Fayḍ Thawbān b. Ibrāhīm al-Miṣrī (d. Giza, in 245/859 or 248/862) was an early mystic leader of Nubian origin, who is celebrated for his knowledge of a wide range of disciplines, including medicine and alchemy. He was most commonly known by his laqab (honorific title) Dhū l-Nūn (lit., he of the fish, i.e., Jonah), which, rather than Thawbān, may have been his given name. Dhū l-Nūn appears in the earliest accounts of Ṣūfism as the leading figure of his generation, despite coming from Akhmīm, in Upper Egypt, a region which is under-represented in …

, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad Ḥasan b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Nad̲j̲afī (b. at Nad̲j̲af 15 Rabīʿ I 1287/15 June 1870, d. 15 S̲h̲awwāl 1351/11 February 1933), Imāmī S̲h̲īʿī scholar of fiḳh and uṣūl , and author of some 30 works to which the bibliographical guides devote in general only a few lines. He is very well-known among the Imāmīs for his Tanḳīḥ al-maḳāl fī ʿilm al-rid̲j̲āl (lith. Nad̲j̲af, i, 1349/1930-1, ii, 1350/1931-2, iii, 1352/1933-4), one of the last works in the tradition of ʿilm al-rid̲j̲āl [ q.v.], of which al-Kas̲h̲s̲h̲ī, al-Nad̲j̲ās̲h̲ī and al-Ṭūsī are the most eminent repres…

In Volume 2: Mathematics; Weights, and Measures; Astronomy, and Astrology; Geography; Medicine; Encyclopaedias, and Miscellanies; Arts and Crafts, Science, Occult Arts previous chapter: 9.9 ʿIlm i Ik̲h̲tilāj § 864. Works of unkn…

, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad Ḥasan b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Nad̲j̲afī (né à Nad̲j̲af le 15 rabīʿ I 1287/15 juin 1870 et mort le 15 s̲h̲awwāl 1351/11 février 1933), savant imāmite versé dans le fiḳh et les uṣūl, et auteur d’une trentaine d’ouvrages auxquels les répertoires bibliographiques ne consacrent en général que quelques lignes. Il est très connu chez les Imāmites pour le Tanḳīḥ al-maḳāl fī ʿilm al-rid̲j̲āl (lith. Nad̲j̲af, I, 1349/1930-1, II, 1350/1931-2, III, 1352/1933-4), un des derniers textes de la tradition du ʿilm al-rid̲j̲āl [ q.v.] dont Kas̲h̲s̲h̲ī, Nad̲j̲ās̲h̲ī et Ṭūsī sont les…

ʿAlī b. Sulaymān al-Muqaddasī (fl. late fifth/eleventh and early sixth/twelfth centuries) was a Karaite—that is, he subscribed to a rationalist stream of Judaism that began to develop in the third/ninth century. Karaites objected to the absolute authority of the Jewish academies of Babylonia and to absolute reliance on the Talmud. Ibn Sulaymān was also one of the final generation of the scholars known as the “Mourners of Zion,” who lived in Jerusalem in the fourth/tenth and fifth/eleventh centuries. Ibn Sulaymān was apparently born in Jerusalem and was active there in the…

, the author of the Kitāb Ḳiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ, is identified by Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲i Ḵh̲alīfa, iv., N°. 9437 with the grammarian and Ḳurʾān reader ʿAlī b. Ḥamza (see the foregoing art.). This identification, first adopted by Herbelot, Bibl. Orientale, 961b, but rightly disputed by ¶ Lidzbarski, following Pertsch and Ahlwardt, in his De propheticis quae dicuntur legendis Arabicis (Leipzig 1893, p. 25), was again accepted by Wellhausen in I. Eisenberg’s dissertation, Die Prophetenlegenden des Muḥammed ben Abdallah al-Kisâî (Berne 1898), p. V., on the assumption that the work was not…