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(Argives; Ἀργολίς, Ἀργεῖοι; Argolís, Argeîoi). By modern common practice collective name for the north-eastern region of the  Peloponnese, consisting of the Argive plains and its fringes and the mountainous Argolic Acte. In ancient times, too, the term A. was used in the modern sense, parallel with the more common form of the ethnic Ἀργεῖα ( Argeîa), which was mostly exclusively restricted to the territory of  Argos (Plut. Ages. 31). In its landscape and climate, the entire region is part of the arid zone of eastern Greece (πολυδίψιον Ἄργος: Hom. Il…

A. Overview [German source] The peninsula of the Peloponnese (Greek  Pelopónnēsos) forms the southern part of the Greek mainland. In its northeast, the region of the Argolid was one of the heartlands of Mycenaean culture, centred around the eponymous site of Mycenae (BNP Atlas 27). The period from 1200 to 700 was a crucial phase, as LBA Mycenaean palace culture transformed into the world of EIA Greek poleis and tribal states ( ethne).There were several Mycenaean palaces on the Peloponnese. These functioned as regional political and economic centres for a redistrib…

[German version] (Κοκκύγιον ὄρος; Kokkýgion ŕos). ‘Cuckoo mountain’, another name for the mountain Thornax, west of  Hermion(e) on the Argolid headland, with sanctuaries of Zeus and Apollo; today's Hagios Elias. References: Paus. 2,36,1f.; schol. Theoc. 15,64. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography A. Foley, The Argolid 800-600 B.C., 1988, 184.

[German version] (Τημένιον; Tēménion). Coastal town about 6 km to the south of Argos [II 1] with sanctuaries to Temenus, Poseidon, and Aphrodite (Str. 8,6,2; Paus. 2,36,6; 2,38,1 ff.); remains survive (to some extent under water). The long walls of Argos probably ended in T. (cf. Thuc. 5,82,5 f.; 5,83,2 on the year 417 BC). Tausend, Sabine Bibliography A. Folley, The Argolid, 1988, 196  E. Zangger, The Geoarchaeology of the Argolid, 1993, 62 f.

[English version] (Τημένιον). Küstenort ca. 6 km südl. von Argos [II 1] mit Heiligtümern für Temenos, Poseidon, Aphrodite (Strab. 8,6,2; Paus. 2,36,6; 2,38,1 ff.); erh. sind Reste (z. T. unter Wasser). In T. endeten wohl die langen Mauern von Argos (vgl. Thuk. 5,82,5 f.; 5,83,2 zum J. 417 v. Chr.). Tausend, Klaus Bibliography A. Folley, The Argolid, 1988, 196  E. Zangger, The Geoarchaeology of the Argolid, 1993, 62 f.

[German version] (Μάσης; Másēs). Location and harbour on the southwestern coast of the Argolid peninsula on the eastern shore of the bay of Koilada, north west of the modern village of Kampo, with few ancient remains. Mentioned in Hom. Il. 2,562; in the historical period it was the port of Hermion(e). References: Str. 8,6,17; Paus. 2,35,11; 36,1f.; Steph. Byz. s.v. Μ.; Eust. in Hom. Il. 288,11. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography R. Baladié, Le Péloponnèse de Strabon, 1980, 240f. M. Jameson, Inscriptions of the Peloponnesos, in: Hesperia 22, 1953, 167f. C. N. Runnels, T. H. van Andel, The …

[German version] (Οἰωνός; Oiōnós). Son of Licymnius [1], from Midea in the Argolid, companion of Heracles [1], first winner of a race in the Olympic games (Pind. Ol. 10,64ff. with schol.); he was slain in Sparta by the sons of Hippocoon because he had killed their dog; a grave of O. was shown there (Apollod. 2,143f.; Paus. 3,15,3ff.). O.' death is considered the reason for Heracles' fight against the Hippocoontids. Käppel, Lutz (Kiel)

[English version] (Κοκκύγιον ὄρος). “Kuckucksberg”, anderer Name des Berges Thornax westl. von Hermion(e) in der argolischen Akte mit Heiligtümern des Zeus und Apollon, h. Hagios Elias. Belegstellen: Paus. 2,36,1f.; schol. Theokr. 15,64. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography A. Foley, The Argolid 800-600 B.C., 1988, 184.

[German version] (Ὀλίγυρτος; Olígyrtos). Mountain range in north-eastern Arcadia (Pol. 4,11,5; 70,1; Plut. Cleomenes 26,3), whose highest mountain is Skipiza (1934 m); it is the meeting-point of the borders of Argolid, Corinthus and Arcadia. Important crossings from the plateau of Orchomenus [3] and Caphyae to Stymphalus and Phlius. Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. Oligyrtos, RE 17, 2477-2479  Id., Peloponnesische Wanderungen, 1939, 276f.

[German version] (Παρθένιον/ Parthénion). The lowest part of the Argive-Arcadian border range (elevation up to 1215 m at Hagios Elias) with important roads connecting the Argolid and Arcadia (Arcadians), at elevations from 753 to 900 m, still called Partheni today. Sources: Hdt. 6,105,1ff. [1. 472f.]; Paus. 8,6,4; 54,6f. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography 1 Jost. Pritchett 3, 1980, 81-95; 4, 1982, 80-87; 6, 1989, 107-111  Müller, 820.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Aegean Koine | Aegean Koine (Λέρνη; Lérnē, modern Myli). Settlement 40 stadia ( c. 7 km) south of Argus with a sacred grove, bordered by the rivers Pontinos in the north and Amymone in the south, with about a dozen rich springs, which are personified in the legend of the Lernaean Hydra [1]. The lake to the west of the Argive Plain (the ‘Halcyonian Pool’, which was considered to be bottomless and the entrance to Underworld) has existed since the Neolithic; …

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Ägäische Koine | Ägäische Koine (Λέρνη, h. Myli). Ortschaft 40 Stadien (ca. 7 km) südl. von Argos mit hl. Hain, durch die Flüsse Pontinos im Norden und Amymone im Süden begrenzt, mit etwa einem Dutzend starker Quellen, die in der Sage von der lernäischen Hydra [1] personifiziert sind. Der See im Westen der argiv. Ebene (der “Halkyonische Teich”, der als unergründlich und als Eingang in die Unterwelt galt) bestand schon seit neolith. Zeit; er v…

[English version] (Μάσης). Ort und Hafenbucht an der SW-Küste der argolischen Halbinsel, am Ostrand der Bucht von Koilada im NW des h. Dorfes Kampo, mit geringen ant. Resten. Schon bei Hom. Il. 2,562 erwähnt, in histor. Zeit Hafen von Hermion(e). Belegstellen: Strab. 8,6,17; Paus. 2,35,11; 36,1f.; Steph. Byz. s.v. Μ.; Eust. in Hom. Il. 288,11. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography R. Baladié, Le Péloponnèse de Strabon, 1980, 240f.  M. Jameson, Inscriptions of the Peloponnesos, in: Hesperia 22, 1953, 167f.  C.N. Runnels, T.H. van Andel, The Evolution of Settlement in the Souther…

(Argeioi; Ἀργολίς, Ἀργεῖοι). Heute übliche Gesamtbezeichnung der nordöstl. Landschaft der Peloponnesos, bestehend aus der argiv. Ebene mit ihren Randgebieten und der gebirgigen argolischen Akte. Auch im Alt. wurde A. im h. Sinn gebraucht neben der gewöhnlichen Form des Ethnikons Ἀργεῖα, das meist ausschließlich das Gebiet von Argos meint (Plut. Agesilaos 31). Die ganze Landschaft gehört nach Landschaftscharakter und Klima zur ostgriech. Trockenzone (πολυδίψιον Ἄργος: Hom. Il 4,171). Die A. war b…

[German version] (Λυρκεία, Λύρκειον; Lyrkeía, Lýrkeion). Settlement c. 12 km north-west of Argos in the Inachus valley (Paus. 2,25,4f.; Str. 6,2,4), located either on the site of the ruins of Skala, or on the site of the modern Lyrkeia (formerly Kato Belesi), or east of the modern Sterna on the left bank of the Inachus. The pre-Homeric city was probably sited near Melissi (Mycenaean necropolis). Following Argos' rise, L. remained a politically dependent kṓmē . According to Str. 8,6,7 [1. 70], the river Inachus [2] rose from the mountain range also n…

Abstract Argolic refers to the variety of West Greek spoken in the Argolid, in the northeastern Peloponnese. The dialectal varieties of West Greek (Doric) spoken in the Argolid (northeastern Peloponnese) are generally referred to as Argolic. Argolic dialects are known almost exclusively from epigraphic sources from Argos, Mycenae and Tiryns in the Western Argolid, and from Epidaurus and its Asclepieion, Troezen and Hermion in the East. Most inscriptions with dialectal features come from Argos and from the Epidaurian Asclepieion, and can be dated between t…

[English version] (Λυρκεία, Λύρκειον). Ort ca. 12 km im NW von Argos im Inachos-Tal (Paus. 2,25,4f.; Strab. 6,2,4), entweder die Ruinenstätte von Skala oder das h. Lyrkeia (früher Kato Belesi) oder östl. von h. Sterna am linken Ufer des Inachos. Die vorhomer. Stadt lag vermutlich bei Melissi (myk. Nekropole). Nach dem Aufstieg von Argos blieb L. eine polit. abhängige kṓmē . An dem gleichnamigen Grenzgebirge gegen Arkadia entsprang nach Strab. 8,6,7 [1. 70] der Inachos [2]. Deshalb wird Argos dichterisch lyrkeisch gen. Über das Gebirge…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Macedonia, Macedones (ἡ Μεθάνα; hē Methána or τὰ Μέθανα; tà Méthana). Peninsula and city on the north coast of the Argolid peninsula. The circular peninsula, about 9 km across and with a highest elevation of 743 m, is linked to the mainland by a 300 m wide isthmus. It consists almost entirely of young volcanic rocks and lava flows. The last known eruption, to which a crater and a lava flow on the northwestern coast still bear witness today, took place at…

[German version] Mycenaean Greek term (cf. e.g. nom. sg. wa-na-ka = wanaks, dat. sg. wa-na-ka-te = wanaktei and adjective wa-na-ka-te-ro = wanakteros) for the 'king' (ruler, sovereign, highest dignitary) in Mycenaean petty kingdoms at the end of the 13th cent. BC, on Crete (Knossos), in the Argolid (Mycenae), in Messenia (Pylos [2] II) and in Boeotia (Thebes [2] II A). The Greeks (describing themselves as Ἕλληνες, 'Hellenes') presumably were one of the causes of the change from Early Helladic II to Early Helladic III c. 2500 BC by migrating into what was later named Greece aft…

[German version] (Δαναοί; Danaoí). Middle Helladic ethnic group [1] of uncertain etymology; mentioned in Egypt in the 14th cent. BC on the base of the monument to Amenophis III in Karnak as Danaia ( tniw) in connection with the Argolid/Peloponnese [2], possibly also connected with the Danuna belonging to the sea peoples, who were conquered by Ramses III in 1190 BC [3]. Used in the Homeric epics as a metric variant, as are ‘Argeioi’ and  ‘Achaean’, to describe the Greek population as a whole (e.g. Il. 9,34ff.; 9,370f.) [4]. Following the sam…