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[German version] (Θέρσανδρος/ Thérsandros). Son of Polynices and Argea [2], brother of e.g. Alastor and Timeas, with Demonassa [1] father of Tisamenus [1] (Pind. O. 2,76-81 with schol.; Hdt. 4,147; 6,52). T. takes part in the Epigoni's successful campaign against Thebes [2] ( Epigoni [2]), after he - on the model of his father - has secured Alcmaeon [1]'s participation as the leader of the campaign by bribing Eriphyle with the péplos [1] of Harmonia (Diod. 4,66,1-3; Apollod. 3,80-82; 3,86; Paus. 2,20,5; 9,8,7). After the capture of Thebes he was given the city to r…

[German version] (Ὄρθος/ Órthos or Ὄρθρος/ Órthros; for the name, see [1]). Two-headed dog (in Tzetz. in Lycophr. 653: two dog heads and seven dragon heads), son of Typhon (Typhoeus) and Echidna; brother of Cerberos, of Hydra [1] and Chimaera (?, cf. [2. 254f.]; Hes. Theog. 304-320); by Echidna (or Chimaera: [2. 256]) father of Phix (Sphinx) and of the Nemeian lion (Hes. Theog. 326f.). He guarded Geryon's herd of cattle (in Pind. Isth. 1,13: pl. κύνες/ kýnes, “dogs”), and together with the herdsman Eurytion [3] he was killed by Hercules [1], when he tried to prevent h…

[German version] (Νημερτής/ Nēmertḗs). Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I 1], one of the Nereids (Hom. Il. 18,46; Hes. Theog. 262 (schol. 253 interprets N. as an adjective to Pronoe); Hyg. Fab. Praef. 8; in Apollod. 1,12 it reads Neomeris instead of N.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Φυλεύς; Phyleús). Eldest son of Augeias (Paus. 5,1,10), brother of Agasthenes (Paus. 5,3,3), according to Echemus [1] the second husband of Timandra (Hes. Fr. 176,3f.; cf. Hes. Fr. 23a,9. 31. 34f. M.-W.) or Ctimene [1] (Eust. ad Hom. Il. 2,625-630), in Hyg. Fab. 97,12 the husband of Eustyoche. P. is the father of Meges (Hom. Il. 5,72; 15,519f. and 528; Apollod. 3,129; Quint. Smyrn. 12,326) and Eurydameia (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 115a). When Augeias refuses to pay Hercules [1] the prom…

[German version] (Ναύτης; Naútēs). Elderly Trojan, companion of Aeneas [1], priest of Athena and distinguished by her with outstanding wisdom. When Aeneas doubts whether he should stay in Sicily or continue to Italy, N. advises him to go on and found the colony of Acesta (Egesta/Segesta; Verg. Aen. 5,704ff., 728f.). N. accepts from Diomedes [1] the palladion that has been stolen, as a proxy for Aeneas, who is offering a sacrifice, and so becomes the originator of the service of Minerva in Rome by the gens Nautia, whose ancestor he is (Varro, De Familiis Troianis in Serv. Aen. 2,1…

(Φύλας; Phýlas). [German version] [1] King of the Thesprotians King of the Thesprotians, father of Astyoche [4] (Astyocheia in Hom. Il. 2,658). Heracles [1] fights on the side of the Caledonians against the Thesprotians, captures Ephyra [3], kills P, takes his daughter prisoner and fathers Tlepolemus with her (Hom. Il. 2,653-660; Apollod. 2,149, cf. Soph. Trach. hypothesis; Apollod. 2,166; Apollod. Epit. 3,13). The same king is called Phyleus in Diod. Sic. 4,36,1. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] King of the Dryopians King of the Dryopians who commits sacrilage (a fe…

[German version] (Πληίονη/ Plēíonē, Latin Plione: Serv. Georg. 1,138). Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (Ov. Fast. 5,83f.), mother of the Pleiades (Apollod. 3,110; schol. Hom. Od. 5,272), who - according to a widely accepted version- are named after their mother (schol. Hom. Il. 18,486 Bekker after the Epic cycle ; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 3,225-227a), also mother of Hyas and the Hyades (schol. Hes. Op. 383a; Hyg. Poet. Astr. 2,21 after Musaeus; Hyg. Fab. 192 and 248), and grandmother ofMercurius) (Ov. Met.…

[German version] (Παχράτης/ Pachrátēs). Magician and prophet from Heliopolis [1], proved his craft to emperor Hadrian with the help of a smoke sacrifice to Selene, in recognition of which he received double his fee (PGM 1, P 4,2446ff.). P. may have served as inspiration for the figure of the magician Pancrates in Lucian. Philopseudes 34-36 [1] and is perhaps identical [2. 618f.] with the poet Pancrates [3]. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 K. Preisendanz, s.v. P., RE 18, 2071-2074 2 F. Stoessl, s.v. Pankrates (5), RE 18, 615-619.

[German version] (Πελαργή; Pelargḗ). Daughter of Potneus, wife of Isthmiades. After the Epigoni campaign and the capture of Thebes P. and her husband are said to have renewed the interrupted Boeotian cult of Demeter Kabeiria and of Kore (Persephone) outside its former territory by reinstituting the consecration of the mysteries of the Cabiraei (or Cabirii), the descendants of the Cabiri, who originally inhabited the place. For this, she herself received cultic worship, in accordance with an oracle from Dodona (Paus. 9,25,5-7). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Ὀθρυονεύς; Othryoneús). [German version] [1] Warrior from Cabesus Warrior from Cabesus, fights at Troy on Priamus' side, for which the latter promises him the hand of his daughter Cassandra. O. is killed by Idomeneus [1] (Hom. Il. 13,363ff., 772; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀγάθυρσοι and Καβασσός; Macr. Sat. 5,5,8). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Teacher from Opus Teacher from Opus, in whose company Patroclus strikes dead the son of Amphidamas [2] while playing (Alexander Aetolus in schol. Hom. Il. 23,86a1 = CollAlex fr. 10, p. 127f. and TrGF 1, 101 F 1). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Πείρας; Peíras). [German version] [1] Father of Echidna According to Epimenides (FGrH 457 F 5), P. was the father of Echidna with Styx as the mother (Paus. 8,18,2). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Founder of the Heraeum of Argos Son of Argos [I 1] and Euadne, brother of Ecbasus, Epidaurus and Criasus (Apollod. 2,3). According to Plutarchus (FGrH 388 F 2), P. founded the sanctuary of the Argive Hera, installed his daughter Callithyia (Callithoe [2]/Io) as priestess and dedicated to Hera an idol made from pear-wood. He is ide…

[German version] (Ναιάδες; Naiádes, Νηιάδες; Nēiádes, singular Ναιάς; Naiás, Νηιάς; Nēiás, Νηίς; Nēís; Latin Naiades). Collective term for water nymphs in general (Nymphs; Hom. Il. 6,22; 14,444; 20,384; Hom. Od. 13,104; 13,356), who also have specific names corresponding to the bodies of water with which they are associated (cf. schol. Hom. Il. 20,8 Bekker). Etymologically, the term Naiádes is related to νάω/ náō (‘to flow’) and νᾶμα/ náma (‘something that flows, river’) (Hesych. s. v. Ναΐδες; etymology m. s. v. Νῆις). Subject to the naiads are above all rivers…

[German version] (Τενθρηδών/ Tenthrēdṓn, 'gall wasp': schol.  Nic. Alex. 547a-b;  cf. [1]). Descendant of Magnes [2] (schol. and Eust. on Hom. Il. 2,756), father of Prothous [3], the leader of the Magnetes (Hom. Il. 2,756; Lycophr.  899 with Tzetz.; Aristot. Epigr. 28, in [2]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 LSJ, 1775, s. v. T. 2 Th. Bergk (ed.), Poetae Lyrici Graeci, vol. 2, 41882.

[German version] (Τήλων; Tḗlōn). King of the Teleboae, ruler of the island Capreae, father of Oebalus [2] by the nymph Sebethis (Verg. Aen. 7,734-736; Serv. Aen. 7,734 f.; cf. Sil. Pun. 8,541 f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Φοίβη/ Phoíbē, Lat. Phoebe). [German version] [1] Titan, daughter of Gaia and Uranus ('Bright, pure one' [2], cf. on the etymology: [3]). Titan (Titans), daughter of Gaia and Uranus (Hes. Theog. 136; Orph. fr. 114; Apollod. 1,2; cf. Diod. Sic. 5,66,2f.; of Chthon (Chthonic deities): Aesch. Eum. 6f.; of Kronos: Schol. Pind. Pyth., hypothesis p. 1 Drachmann), by her brother Coeus (corrupt: Hyg. Fab. praef. 10: Polus) mother of Leto and Asteria [2] (Hes. Theog. 404-409; Diod. Sic. 5,67,2; Apollod. 1,8; Schol. …

[German version] (Νικαγόρα/ Nikagóra). Sicyonian, wife of Echetimus, mother of Agasicles. According to legend she brought Asclepius, in the shape of a serpent, in a mule cart from Epidaurus to Sicyon (Paus. 2,10,3). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

A. Allgemeine TendenzenDie Beschäftigung mit den Sprachen und der Kultur des klassischen Altertums war als Bestandteil einer höheren Bildung im 18. Jahrhundert nur einer kleinen Bevölkerungsgruppe, den sog. »gelehrten« Ständen, vorbehalten und erfolgte entweder mithilfe von Privatinstruktoren oder durch den Besuch einer höheren Schule. Mit dem Begriff der »höheren Schulen« wurden zusammenfassend alle Schulen bezeichnet, die eine »gelehrte« Bildung versprachen und ursprünglich auf das Studium an einer Universität vorbereiteten (Lateinschulen, Gymnasien, Lyzeen etc…

A. AllgemeinesDer Streit um die richtige, angemessene Rezeption der Antike und der antiken Sprachen (Griechisch; Latein) war eine der zentralen Auseinandersetzungen in der Pädagogik des 18. Jahrhunderts. Es lassen sich hier grob zwei Parteien festmachen: die Aufklärungspädagogen/Philanthropinisten und die (Neu-)Humanisten/Philhellenisten (Neuhumanismus). Beide hatten etwas gemeinsam: die Kritik an der Rolle, die der Antike in den Unterweisungen der Knaben und Jünglinge vor allem an den Lateinschulen (Schule) des 17. Jahrhunderts zugewiesen worden war bzw. j…

(Ὀθρυονεύς). [English version] [1] Krieger aus Kabesos Krieger aus Kabesos, kämpft vor Troia auf der Seite des Priamos, wofür ihm dieser die Hand seiner Tochter Kassandra verspricht. O. wird von Idomeneus [1] getötet (Hom. Il. 13,363ff., 772; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀγάθυρσοι und Καβασσός; Macr. Sat. 5,5,8). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [English version] [2] Lehrer aus Opus Lehrer aus Opus, bei dem Patroklos den Sohn des Amphidamas [2] beim Spielen erschlägt (Alexandros Aitolos in schol. Hom. Il. 23,86a1 = CollAlex fr. 10, p. 127f. und TrGF 1, 101 F 1). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[English version] (Νύκτιμος). Einer der 50 Söhne des Lykaon, entweder der älteste, der nach dem Tod seines Vaters rechtmäßig die Herrschaft über Arkadien übernimmt (Paus. 8,3,1; 5), oder der jüngste, der nach dem Frevel des Lykaon und seiner Söhne als einziger durch das Eingreifen der Gaia von der Strafe des Zeus verschont bleibt (Märchen) und selbst König wird z.Z. der Deukalionischen Flut (Apollod. 3,96-99). Nach anderer Version wird N. selbst geschlachtet (Lykophr. 481; Clem. Al. protreptikos 2,36,5; Nonn. Dion. 18,20-24). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)