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[German version] (Θέρσανδρος/ Thérsandros). Son of Polynices and Argea [2], brother of e.g. Alastor and Timeas, with Demonassa [1] father of Tisamenus [1] (Pind. O. 2,76-81 with schol.; Hdt. 4,147; 6,52). T. takes part in the Epigoni's successful campaign against Thebes [2] ( Epigoni [2]), after he - on the model of his father - has secured Alcmaeon [1]'s participation as the leader of the campaign by bribing Eriphyle with the péplos [1] of Harmonia (Diod. 4,66,1-3; Apollod. 3,80-82; 3,86; Paus. 2,20,5; 9,8,7). After the capture of Thebes he was given the city to r…

[German version] (Ὄρθος/ Órthos or Ὄρθρος/ Órthros; for the name, see [1]). Two-headed dog (in Tzetz. in Lycophr. 653: two dog heads and seven dragon heads), son of Typhon (Typhoeus) and Echidna; brother of Cerberos, of Hydra [1] and Chimaera (?, cf. [2. 254f.]; Hes. Theog. 304-320); by Echidna (or Chimaera: [2. 256]) father of Phix (Sphinx) and of the Nemeian lion (Hes. Theog. 326f.). He guarded Geryon's herd of cattle (in Pind. Isth. 1,13: pl. κύνες/ kýnes, “dogs”), and together with the herdsman Eurytion [3] he was killed by Hercules [1], when he tried to prevent h…

[German version] (Νημερτής/ Nēmertḗs). Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I 1], one of the Nereids (Hom. Il. 18,46; Hes. Theog. 262 (schol. 253 interprets N. as an adjective to Pronoe); Hyg. Fab. Praef. 8; in Apollod. 1,12 it reads Neomeris instead of N.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Φυλεύς; Phyleús). Eldest son of Augeias (Paus. 5,1,10), brother of Agasthenes (Paus. 5,3,3), according to Echemus [1] the second husband of Timandra (Hes. Fr. 176,3f.; cf. Hes. Fr. 23a,9. 31. 34f. M.-W.) or Ctimene [1] (Eust. ad Hom. Il. 2,625-630), in Hyg. Fab. 97,12 the husband of Eustyoche. P. is the father of Meges (Hom. Il. 5,72; 15,519f. and 528; Apollod. 3,129; Quint. Smyrn. 12,326) and Eurydameia (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 115a). When Augeias refuses to pay Hercules [1] the prom…

[German version] (Ναύτης; Naútēs). Elderly Trojan, companion of Aeneas [1], priest of Athena and distinguished by her with outstanding wisdom. When Aeneas doubts whether he should stay in Sicily or continue to Italy, N. advises him to go on and found the colony of Acesta (Egesta/Segesta; Verg. Aen. 5,704ff., 728f.). N. accepts from Diomedes [1] the palladion that has been stolen, as a proxy for Aeneas, who is offering a sacrifice, and so becomes the originator of the service of Minerva in Rome by the gens Nautia, whose ancestor he is (Varro, De Familiis Troianis in Serv. Aen. 2,1…

(Φύλας; Phýlas). [German version] [1] King of the Thesprotians King of the Thesprotians, father of Astyoche [4] (Astyocheia in Hom. Il. 2,658). Heracles [1] fights on the side of the Caledonians against the Thesprotians, captures Ephyra [3], kills P, takes his daughter prisoner and fathers Tlepolemus with her (Hom. Il. 2,653-660; Apollod. 2,149, cf. Soph. Trach. hypothesis; Apollod. 2,166; Apollod. Epit. 3,13). The same king is called Phyleus in Diod. Sic. 4,36,1. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] King of the Dryopians King of the Dryopians who commits sacrilage (a fe…

[German version] (Πληίονη/ Plēíonē, Latin Plione: Serv. Georg. 1,138). Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (Ov. Fast. 5,83f.), mother of the Pleiades (Apollod. 3,110; schol. Hom. Od. 5,272), who - according to a widely accepted version- are named after their mother (schol. Hom. Il. 18,486 Bekker after the Epic cycle ; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 3,225-227a), also mother of Hyas and the Hyades (schol. Hes. Op. 383a; Hyg. Poet. Astr. 2,21 after Musaeus; Hyg. Fab. 192 and 248), and grandmother ofMercurius) (Ov. Met.…

[German version] (Παχράτης/ Pachrátēs). Magician and prophet from Heliopolis [1], proved his craft to emperor Hadrian with the help of a smoke sacrifice to Selene, in recognition of which he received double his fee (PGM 1, P 4,2446ff.). P. may have served as inspiration for the figure of the magician Pancrates in Lucian. Philopseudes 34-36 [1] and is perhaps identical [2. 618f.] with the poet Pancrates [3]. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 K. Preisendanz, s.v. P., RE 18, 2071-2074 2 F. Stoessl, s.v. Pankrates (5), RE 18, 615-619.

[German version] (Πελαργή; Pelargḗ). Daughter of Potneus, wife of Isthmiades. After the Epigoni campaign and the capture of Thebes P. and her husband are said to have renewed the interrupted Boeotian cult of Demeter Kabeiria and of Kore (Persephone) outside its former territory by reinstituting the consecration of the mysteries of the Cabiraei (or Cabirii), the descendants of the Cabiri, who originally inhabited the place. For this, she herself received cultic worship, in accordance with an oracle from Dodona (Paus. 9,25,5-7). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Ὀθρυονεύς; Othryoneús). [German version] [1] Warrior from Cabesus Warrior from Cabesus, fights at Troy on Priamus' side, for which the latter promises him the hand of his daughter Cassandra. O. is killed by Idomeneus [1] (Hom. Il. 13,363ff., 772; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀγάθυρσοι and Καβασσός; Macr. Sat. 5,5,8). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Teacher from Opus Teacher from Opus, in whose company Patroclus strikes dead the son of Amphidamas [2] while playing (Alexander Aetolus in schol. Hom. Il. 23,86a1 = CollAlex fr. 10, p. 127f. and TrGF 1, 101 F 1). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Πείρας; Peíras). [German version] [1] Father of Echidna According to Epimenides (FGrH 457 F 5), P. was the father of Echidna with Styx as the mother (Paus. 8,18,2). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Founder of the Heraeum of Argos Son of Argos [I 1] and Euadne, brother of Ecbasus, Epidaurus and Criasus (Apollod. 2,3). According to Plutarchus (FGrH 388 F 2), P. founded the sanctuary of the Argive Hera, installed his daughter Callithyia (Callithoe [2]/Io) as priestess and dedicated to Hera an idol made from pear-wood. He is ide…

[German version] (Ναιάδες; Naiádes, Νηιάδες; Nēiádes, singular Ναιάς; Naiás, Νηιάς; Nēiás, Νηίς; Nēís; Latin Naiades). Collective term for water nymphs in general (Nymphs; Hom. Il. 6,22; 14,444; 20,384; Hom. Od. 13,104; 13,356), who also have specific names corresponding to the bodies of water with which they are associated (cf. schol. Hom. Il. 20,8 Bekker). Etymologically, the term Naiádes is related to νάω/ náō (‘to flow’) and νᾶμα/ náma (‘something that flows, river’) (Hesych. s. v. Ναΐδες; etymology m. s. v. Νῆις). Subject to the naiads are above all rivers…

[German version] (Τενθρηδών/ Tenthrēdṓn, 'gall wasp': schol.  Nic. Alex. 547a-b;  cf. [1]). Descendant of Magnes [2] (schol. and Eust. on Hom. Il. 2,756), father of Prothous [3], the leader of the Magnetes (Hom. Il. 2,756; Lycophr.  899 with Tzetz.; Aristot. Epigr. 28, in [2]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 LSJ, 1775, s. v. T. 2 Th. Bergk (ed.), Poetae Lyrici Graeci, vol. 2, 41882.

[German version] (Τήλων; Tḗlōn). King of the Teleboae, ruler of the island Capreae, father of Oebalus [2] by the nymph Sebethis (Verg. Aen. 7,734-736; Serv. Aen. 7,734 f.; cf. Sil. Pun. 8,541 f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Φοίβη/ Phoíbē, Lat. Phoebe). [German version] [1] Titan, daughter of Gaia and Uranus ('Bright, pure one' [2], cf. on the etymology: [3]). Titan (Titans), daughter of Gaia and Uranus (Hes. Theog. 136; Orph. fr. 114; Apollod. 1,2; cf. Diod. Sic. 5,66,2f.; of Chthon (Chthonic deities): Aesch. Eum. 6f.; of Kronos: Schol. Pind. Pyth., hypothesis p. 1 Drachmann), by her brother Coeus (corrupt: Hyg. Fab. praef. 10: Polus) mother of Leto and Asteria [2] (Hes. Theog. 404-409; Diod. Sic. 5,67,2; Apollod. 1,8; Schol. …

[German version] (Νικαγόρα/ Nikagóra). Sicyonian, wife of Echetimus, mother of Agasicles. According to legend she brought Asclepius, in the shape of a serpent, in a mule cart from Epidaurus to Sicyon (Paus. 2,10,3). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

A. Allgemeine TendenzenDie Beschäftigung mit den Sprachen und der Kultur des klassischen Altertums war als Bestandteil einer höheren Bildung im 18. Jahrhundert nur einer kleinen Bevölkerungsgruppe, den sog. »gelehrten« Ständen, vorbehalten und erfolgte entweder mithilfe von Privatinstruktoren oder durch den Besuch einer höheren Schule. Mit dem Begriff der »höheren Schulen« wurden zusammenfassend alle Schulen bezeichnet, die eine »gelehrte« Bildung versprachen und ursprünglich auf das Studium an einer Universität vorbereiteten (Lateinschulen, Gymnasien, Lyzeen etc…

A. AllgemeinesDer Streit um die richtige, angemessene Rezeption der Antike und der antiken Sprachen (Griechisch; Latein) war eine der zentralen Auseinandersetzungen in der Pädagogik des 18. Jahrhunderts. Es lassen sich hier grob zwei Parteien festmachen: die Aufklärungspädagogen/Philanthropinisten und die (Neu-)Humanisten/Philhellenisten (Neuhumanismus). Beide hatten etwas gemeinsam: die Kritik an der Rolle, die der Antike in den Unterweisungen der Knaben und Jünglinge vor allem an den Lateinschulen (Schule) des 17. Jahrhunderts zugewiesen worden war bzw. j…

(Ὀθρυονεύς). [English version] [1] Krieger aus Kabesos Krieger aus Kabesos, kämpft vor Troia auf der Seite des Priamos, wofür ihm dieser die Hand seiner Tochter Kassandra verspricht. O. wird von Idomeneus [1] getötet (Hom. Il. 13,363ff., 772; Steph. Byz. s.v. Ἀγάθυρσοι und Καβασσός; Macr. Sat. 5,5,8). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [English version] [2] Lehrer aus Opus Lehrer aus Opus, bei dem Patroklos den Sohn des Amphidamas [2] beim Spielen erschlägt (Alexandros Aitolos in schol. Hom. Il. 23,86a1 = CollAlex fr. 10, p. 127f. und TrGF 1, 101 F 1). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[English version] (Νύκτιμος). Einer der 50 Söhne des Lykaon, entweder der älteste, der nach dem Tod seines Vaters rechtmäßig die Herrschaft über Arkadien übernimmt (Paus. 8,3,1; 5), oder der jüngste, der nach dem Frevel des Lykaon und seiner Söhne als einziger durch das Eingreifen der Gaia von der Strafe des Zeus verschont bleibt (Märchen) und selbst König wird z.Z. der Deukalionischen Flut (Apollod. 3,96-99). Nach anderer Version wird N. selbst geschlachtet (Lykophr. 481; Clem. Al. protreptikos 2,36,5; Nonn. Dion. 18,20-24). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Ῥηξήνωρ). [English version] [1] Bruder des Alkinoos und Vater von dessen Frau Arete Sohn des Nausithoos [1], Bruder des Alkinoos [1]. Er stirbt kurz nach seiner Hochzeit und hinterläßt als einziges Kind seine Tochter Arete [1], die spätere Gattin des Alkinoos (Hom. Od. 7,63-66; 146; schol. Hom. Od. 7,56; Eust. ad Hom. Od. 7,63-65). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [English version] [2] Vater der Chalkiope [1], der zweiten Gattin des Aigeus Vater der Chalkiope [1], der zweiten Gattin des Aigeus (Apollod. 3,207; Tzetz. ad Lykophr. 494; Phanodemos FGrH 325 F 5). Alternativ wer…

[English version] (Μύλας). Einer der Telchines. Erfinder der Mühle (nach Paus. 3,20,2 der lakonische König Myles), Stifter des Kultes der Mylánteioi theoí in Kameiros auf Rhodos und Namensgeber für das Vorgebirge Mylantia bei Kameiros (Hesych. s.v. Μ.; Steph. Byz. s.v. Μυλαντία). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[English version] (Οἶστρος). Personifikation der Raserei (vgl. Furor, Lyssa, Mania [1]); die einzige erh. lit. Quelle (Poll. 4,142) zählt O. unter den ékskeua prósōpa (“speziell ausgearbeiteten Masken”) des trag. Dramas auf (zu den bildlichen Darstellungen: [1]). Konkret bezeichnet griech. o. v.a. die Bremse, die ihr Opfer verfolgt und plagt, und so auch den Stachel oder Stich (Aischyl. Prom. 567ff.; Eur. Herc. 862 u.ö.; Orph. Arg. 47). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 B. Müller-Huber, s.v. O., LIMC 7.1, 28f. (mit Bibliogr.) 2 R. Padel, In and Out of the Mind. Greek Imag…

[English version] (Πληίονη, lat. Plione: Serv. georg. 1,138). Tochter des Okeanos und der Tethys (Ov. fast. 5,83f.), Mutter der Pleiaden (Apollod. 3,110; schol. Hom. Od. 5,272), die - nach geläufiger Version - nach ihrer Mutter benannt sind (schol. Hom. Il. 18,486 Bekker nach dem Epischen Zyklus; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 3,225-227a), des Hyas und der Hyaden (schol. Hes. erg. 383a; Hyg. astr. 2,21 nach Musaios; Hyg. fab. 192 und 248), Großmutter des Mercurius (Ov. met. 2,742f.; Ov. epist. 16,62; Val. Fl. …

[English version] (Νικαγόρα). Sikyonierin, Frau des Echetimos, Mutter des Agasikles, bringt der Sage nach Asklepios in Schlangengestalt mit einem Maultierwagen von Epidauros nach Sikyon (Paus. 2,10,3). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[English version] (Φυλεύς). Ältester Sohn des Augeias (Paus. 5,1,10), Bruder des Agasthenes (Paus. 5,3,3), nach Echemos [1] zweiter Gatte der Timandra (Hes. fr. 176,3f.; vgl. Hes. fr. 23a,9. 31. 34f. M.-W.) oder der Ktimene [1] (Eust. ad Hom. Il. 2,625-630), bei Hyg. fab. 97,12 Gatte der Eustyoche. Ph. ist Vater des Meges (Hom. Il. 5,72; 15,519f. und 528; Apollod. 3,129; Q. Smyrn. 12,326) und der Eurydameia (Pherekydes FGrH 3 F 115a). Als sich Augeias weigert, Herakles [1] den für die Ausmistung s…

[English version] (Οἴαξ, lat. Oeax, “Steuerruder[griff]”). Sohn des Nauplios [1] und der Klymene [5] (auch Philyra oder Hesione [2]: Apollod. 2,23), Bruder des Palamedes und des Nausimedon (Apollod. 2,23; 3,15; schol. Eur. Or. 432; Dictys 1,1). Zieht mit Palamedes nach Troia (Philostr. heroicus 10,10, p. 183 Kayser), wo er nach dessen Steinigung das Schicksal des Bruders als Nachricht für Nauplios in Ruderblätter ritzt und diese ins Meer wirft (schol. Aristoph. Thesm. 771, nach Eur. Palamedes); Suda…

(Πείρας). [English version] [1] Vater der Echidna Nach Epimenides (FGrH 457 F 5) von der Styx Vater der Echidna (Paus. 8,18,2). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [English version] [2] Gründer des Heraions von Argos Sohn des Argos [I 1] und der Euadne, Bruder des Ekbasos, Epidauros und Kriasos (Apollod. 2,3). P. gründet nach Plutarch (FGrH 388 F 2) als erster das Heiligtum der argivischen Hera, setzt seine Tochter Kallithyia (Kallithoe [2]/Io) als Priesterin ein und weiht der Hera ein Götterbild aus Birnbaumholz. Identisch mit Peiranthos/Pi…

[English version] (Σαγαρῖτις). Nach einer der vielen aitiologischen Versionen der Attissage, die die Selbstverstümmelung der Kybelepriester erklären sollen, verliebt sich Attis in die Hamadryade S. und bricht das Keuschheitsversprechen, das er Kybele gegeben hatte. Die Nymphe stirbt daraufhin durch die Wunden, die Kybele ihrem Baum zufügt, Attis dagegen wird wahnsinnig und entmannt sich (Ov. fast. 221-246; ohne Nennung des Namens der Nymphe: Iul. or. 8,165a-168c Rochefort; Sall. Philosophus, De de…

[English version] (Νημερτής). Tochter des Nereus und der Doris [I 1], eine der Nereiden (Hom. Il. 18,46; Hes. theog. 262 (schol. 253 zieht N. als Adj. zu Pronoe); Hyg. fab. praef. 8; bei Apollod. 1,12 steht an ihrer Stelle Neomeris). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[English version] (Ὠκυπέτη). Tochter des Thaumas und der Elektra [1], eine der Harpyien, auch Okythoe oder Okypode (nach Hesiod) genannt (Apollod. 1,123). Schwester der Aëllo (auch Nikothoe) und der Kelaino [2] (Hes. theog. 267; Apollod. 1,10; Hyg. fab. 14,18; praef. 35). O. flieht vor den Boreassöhnen bis zu den Echinaden, die nach ihr Strophaden genannt werden, weil sie dort umkehrt (στροφή) und vor Erschöpfung abstürzt (Apollod. 1,123). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Ὀτρεύς). [English version] [1] Sohn des Dymas Sohn des Dymas [1], Bruder der Hekabe, Schwager des Priamos. König von Phrygien (Hesych. s.v. Ο.), Eponym der bithynischen Stadt Otroia (Strab. 12,4,7). Kämpft zusammen mit Mygdon [2] und mit Priamos gegen die in Phrygien einfallenden Amazones (Hom. Il. 3,184-189; schol. Hom. Il. 3,189; Eust. ad Hom. Il. 3,186 p. 402). Aphrodite bezeichnet sich Anchises gegenüber als Tochter des O. (Hom. h. 5,111f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [English version] [2] Mariandyner Mariandyner, Bruder des Lykos [5], Freund des Dymas [1] (?), wird von A…

[German version] (Σκαιαί/ Skaiaí sc. πύλαι/ pýlai). The 'Scaean Gate' in Troy (Hom. Il. 3,145; 3,149 et passim; without pýlai: Hom. Il. 3,263; Str. 13,1,21; in the singular: Quint. Smyrn. 11,338), also called Dardaníai. Several explanations of the name are possible: the 'left' or 'western gate' or 'gate of misfortune' (derived from  σκαιός [2]), 'crooked gate' or named after its builder Scaeus (schol. Hom. Il. 3,145; 9,354; 11,170 Bekker; Hsch. s. v. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν) or after the Scaei [1] people. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 L. Bürchner, s. v. Skaiisches Tor, RE 3 A, 424 2 LS…

(Ὀφελέστης; Opheléstēs). [German version] [1] Trojan Trojan, killed by Teucrus outside the city (Hom. Il. 8,274). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Paeonian warrior at Troy Paeonian warrior at Troy, killed by Achilles [1] (Hom. Il. 21,210; schol. Hom. Il. 13,643 Maass with conjecture). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Οἶστρος/ Oîstros). Personification of frenzy (cf. Furor, Lyssa, Mania [1]). The only preserved literary source (Poll. 4,142) lists O amongst the ékskeua prósōpa ('especially elaborate masks') of tragic drama (for illustrations: [1]). Above all, the Greek oîstros accurately describes the gadfly which pursues and plagues its victim and also the thorn or sting (Aesch. PV 567ff.; Eur. HF 862 and passim; Orph. A. 47). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 B. Müller-Huber, s.v. O., LIMC 7.1, 28f. (with biblography) 2 R. Padel, In and Out of the Mind. Greek Images …

[German version] (Σιρίκιος/ Siríkios, Latin Siricius). 4th century AD sophist from Neapolis [11] in Palaestina, pupil of Andromachus (cf. [1]). S. taught for a while in Athens and wrote Progymnásmata and Melétai (Suda, s. v. Σιρίκιος; Nicolaus of Myra, Progymnásmata, in: [2]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 L. Cohn, s. v. Andromachos [20], RE 1.2, 2154 2 Spengel 3, 465 (Kap. 4).

[German version] (Πάμμων). Son of Priamus and Hecabe (Hom. Il. 24,250; Apollod. 3,151; Quint. Smyrn. 6,317; 562; 568; in Hyg. fab. 90 Pammon (Schmidt) or Palaemon), killed by Neoptolemus [1] (Quint. Smyrn. 13,213f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Φάλκης; Phálkēs). Heraclid (Heraclidae), son of Temenus, brother of Cissus (Ceisus: Paus. 2,19,1), Cerynes, Agaeus (other sons of Temenus are mentioned in Apollod. 2,179) and Hyrnetho, father of Rhegnidas (Paus. 2,13,1). Out of envy of Hyrnetho and her husband Deïphontes, whom Temenus prefers to his sons, P. and his brothers (with the exception of the youngest: Agaeus) have their father attacked and killed while bathing (Nicolaus of Damascus FGrH 90 F 30; Diod.Sic. 7,13,1; Apollod…

[German version] (Θείας; Theías). Son of Belus and the Nymph Oreithyia (or her husband), unwittingly fathers Adonis with his daughter Smyrna (Myrrha). When he discovers the offence, he first tries to kill his daughter, who escapes by transforming herself into the tree of the same name, then kills himself in shame (Antoninus Liberalis 34; Apollod. 3,183 f. after Panyassis; Tzetz. Lycoph. 829). Other sources name Cinyras as Smyrna's father (Ov. Met. 10,298-518; Hyg. Fab. 58; Tzetz.  Lycoph. 831). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

(Πανόπη; Panópē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I1] (Πανόπεια/ Panópeia in Nonnus, Panopea in Virgil; the ‘all-caring one’ [1], different in Eust. Ad Hom. Il. 18,41, p. 1131, 4 and 6f.). Daughter of Nereus and Doris [I 1], one of the Nereids (Hom. Il. 18,45; Hes. Theog. 250; Apollod. 1,12; Lucian Dialogi marini 7; Nonnus, Dion. 39,255; 43,100 and 264; Verg. Aen. 5,240 and 825; Verg. G. 1,437; Hyg. Fab. praef. 8). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 W. Aly, s.v. P. (1), RE 18.3, 636 2 J.Ch. Balty, s.v. P., LIMC 7.1, 172. [German version] [2] One of the daughters of Thespius On…

[German version] (Θάλπιος; Thálpios). Grandson of Actor [4], son of the Actorion Eurytus and of Theraephone; he and Amphimachus [2], Diores [1] and Polyxenus [3] were leaders of the 40 Epeian ships at Troy (Hom. Il. 2,618-624; Paus. 5,3,3 f.; Dares 14; Dictys 1,17). T. is mentioned among the suitors of Helena [I 1] (Apollod. 3,129; Hyg. Fab. 81) and among those in the Trojan Horse (Q. Smyrn. 12,323), his grave is in Elis (Aristot. epigram 36, in [1]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 Th. Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci, vol. 2, 41882.

[German version] (Ὠκυπέτη/ Ōkypétē). Daughter of Thaumas and Electra [1], one of the Harpies, also called Ocythoe or Ocypode (according to Hesiod; Apollod. 1,123). Sister of Aëllo (also Nicothoe) and Celaeno [2] (Hes. Theog. 267; Apollod. 1,10; Hyg. Fab. 14,18; Praef. 35). O. fled from the sons of Boreas to the islands of the  Echinades, which are called Strophades after her because she turned back there (στροφή/ strophḗ) and, exhausted, fell her death (Apollod. 1,123). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Ἰνώ; Inṓ). Daughter of  Cadmus [1] and  Harmonia, generally taken to be the second (first: schol. Hom. Il. 7,86 Bekker according to Philostephanus and Eust. ad locum; schol. Lycoph. 22) wife of  Athamas in Thebes [2] (the first being  Nephele [1]). She is the mother of Learchus and  Melicertes. Envy of her stepchildren  Phrixus and  Helle prompted her to develop a cunning plan. She talked the women of the country into roasting the seed grains, thus causing a severe famine. She bri…

[German version] (Θαυμακίη; Thaumakíē). One of the cities in Magnesia [1] which were represented at Troy with altogether seven ships under the leadership of Philoctetes, today not located (Hom. Il. 2,716-719; Str.  9,5,16; Plin. HN 4,32; cf. Steph. Byz., s. v. Θαυμακία). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

[German version] (Θέστιος/ Théstios). Mythical ruler of Pleuron in Aetolia (Str. 10,2,24; 10,3,6), son of Ares (Apollod. 1,59; Ps.-Plut. De fluviis 22,1, GGM 2, p. 661 f.) or Agenor [3] (Asius in Paus. 3,13,8) and Demonice/Demodice (Apollod. 1,59; schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1,146-149a) or Peisidice (Ps.-Plut. loc.cit.), brother of Euenus, Molus and Pylus (Apollod. 1,59); with Eurythemis (Apollod. 1,62), Leucippe (Hyg. fab. 14,17) or others (schol. Apoll. Rhod. 1,146-149a; 1,201a) father of several sons ( Thestiádai), e.g. Iphiclus (Bacchyl. 5,128 f.; Apollod. loc.cit.; Hy…

[German version] (Θεῖος; Theîos). The term Theíōi is found, exclusively in the dative, in several inscriptions, e.g. in a calendar of sacrifices from the period of Hadrian. It is controversial (discussion of the sources: [1]) whether it refers to an independent deity (e.g. as a masculine counterpart to Theia [1]) or is an orthographical variant of the dative of theós ('god') or tò theîon ('the divine', 'the deity'). When Theíōi is linked by kaí ('and') with the name of another deity it is possible to interpret it as a further aspect (or epithet) of that deity. Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliograph…

(Μυρτώ). [English version] [1] Tochter des Menoitios Tochter des Menoitios [1] aus dem lokrischen Opus, Schwester des Patroklos, von Herakles [1] Mutter der Eukleia (Plut. Aristeides 331e). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [English version] [2] angebliche Frau des Sokrates Wirkliche oder vermeintliche Tochter, Enkelin oder Urenkelin (die Quellen variieren) Aristeides' [1] des Gerechten. Eine auf Aristoteles' Schrift ‘Über edle Herkunft zurückgehende Trad. besagt (Περὶ εὐγενείας fr. 3 Ross, fr. 71,1-2 Gigon; SSR I B 7), Sokrates habe M. vor, na…

(Ξανθίππη; Xanthíppē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Dorus Daughter of Dorus, with Pleuron parent of Agenor [3], Sterope, Stratonice and Laophonte (Apollod. 1,58). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Mythical feeder of her imprisoned father Mycon Woman who fed her father Mycon in prison with her milk (Hyg. Fab. 254; the same motif with different names: Val. Max. 5,4, ext. 1; Plin. HN 7,121; Fest. 228,28-32; Solin. 1,124f.; Nonn. Dion. 26,101-145). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [3] Wife of the philosopher Socrates [2] Wife of the philosopher Socrates [2]; orig…

(Θρασυμήδης/ Thrasymḗdēs). [German version] [1] Son of Nestor and Anaxibia Son of Nestor [1] and Anaxibia (daughter of Cratieus), brother e.g. of Echephron [1] and Peisistratus [1] (Hom. Od. 3,412-415; Apollod. 1,94; Dictys 1,13), father of Sillus and hence grandfather of Alcmaeon [2] (Paus. 2,18,8). T. and his brother Antilochus, who is later killed by Memnon [1] (cf. Q. Smyrn. 2,267-344), set off with 15 ships (Hyg. Fab. 97,5) for Troy (Hom. Il. 9,81; 10,255-259; 14,9-11 et passim; Philostr. Heroicus 26…

(Μυρτώ/ Myrt ṓ). [German version] [1] Daughter of Menoetius Daughter of Menoetius [1] from Opus in Locria; sister of Patroclus, mother by Heracles [1] of  Euclea (Plut. Aristides 331e). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Supposed wife of Socrates Real or putative daughter, granddaughter or great-granddaughter (the sources disagree) of Aristides [1] the Just. A tradition deriving from Aristotle's ‘On Noble Birth (Περὶ εὐγενείας fragment 3 Ross, fragments 71,1-2 Gigon; SSR I B 7) implies that Socrates had M. as a wife before, af…