Search

Plebeischer Gentilname (Weiterbildung von Aurunceius, ThlL 2,1532f. [1. 354]); die Familie ist seit dem 3.Jh. v.Chr. in Rom nachweisbar, in der Kaiserzeit aber bedeutungslos. [English version] [1] A., C. Praetor 209 v. Chr., propraetor in Sardinia 208 v. Chr. praetor 209 v.Chr. und propraetor 208 in Sardinia (MRR 1,285; 291). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] A., L. Praetor urbanus 190 v. Chr. praetor urbanus 190 v.Chr., 189 unter den Gesandten zur Ordnung der Verhältnisse in Kleinasien (MRR 1, 356; 363). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze. …

Name eines Geschlechtes wohl sabinischer Herkunft [1]. Im öffentlichen Leben der republikanischen Zeit traten Namensträger erst im 1. Jh. v. Chr. in Erscheinung. Der Name wird vor allem im 1. Jh. n. Chr. durch den Epiker M. A.Lucanus und durch den Rhetor L. A. Seneca und seinen gleichnamigen Sohn, den Philosophen und Politiker, bekannt; s. a. Cornutus I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Brocchus, C., Senator 73 v. Chr. Brocchus, C., Senator 73 v. Chr. (wohl Ädilizier), unter Verres in Sizilien ([2] Cic. Verr. 2,3,93 u.ö.; MRR 2, 115). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliograp…

Weitverbreitetes röm. Cognomen (“Gallier”). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Schöpfer der Liebeselegie, geb. 69/68 v. Chr. s. Cornelius [II 18] Gallus Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [2] P.G. Ritter, 65 n. Chr. verbannt Ritter, der mit dem praef. praet. Faenius Rufus und dem Consular Antistius [II 12] Vetus befreundet war; deshalb 65 n.Chr. verbannt (PIR2 G 66). Bei Tacitus wird der Name als Publius Gallus überliefert, was ausgeschlossen ist. Hinter Publius verbirgt sich ein nomen gentile, vielleicht Publilius? Eck, Werner (Köln) Bibliography W. Eck, in:…

Röm. plebeischer Gentilname, wohl nicht von faber (“Schmied”), sondern von etr. hapre wie Faberius u.a. [1; 2]. Vielleicht nach Rom eingewandert [3], gelangte die Familie im 3. Jh. v.Chr. mit F. [I 3] zur Nobilität, ohne diesen Status im 2. Jh. halten zu können. In Rom gab es ein compitum Fabricium (Fest. 180L) bzw. einen vicus Fabrici (ILS 6073) zwischen Caelius und Palatin, vielleicht nach dem Wohnort von F. [I 3] benannt [4], und den pons Fabricius, F. [I 1]. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [1] F., L. Volkstribun 62 v.Chr. 62 v.Chr. wohl Volkstribun (MRR 2, 141, Anm…

Plebeischer Gentilname, bezeugt seit dem 2.Jh. v.Chr. (Schulze, 144; ThlL, Onom. 137f.). [English version] [1] C. Gallus, L. Volkstribun 56 v.Chr. Volkstribun 56 v.Chr., wollte erfolglos die Wiedereinsetzung des Ptolemaios Auletes in Ägypten durchführen lassen (MRR 2,209). 56 wurde er von Cicero verteidigt (fam. 7,1,4), war 51 in Athen häufig mit ihm zusammen und besuchte ihn 46 in Rom. Er starb 44. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] C. Gallus, L. Consul 37 v.Chr. Sohn von C. 1, Konsul 37 v.Chr. mit M. Vipsanius Agrippa (MRR 2,395; PIR 22 C 389). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (B…

Röm. Gentilname, seit dem 1.Jh. belegt (Schulze 136f.; ThlL, Onom. 54f.). …

[English version] I. Republikanische Zeit Italischer Familienname (ThlL, Onom. 2, 543); seine Träger gehörten seit dem 2. Jh.v.Chr. zum röm. Ritterstand und stiegen in der Kaiserzeit vereinzelt in den Senat auf. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 1] C., P. Röm. Ritter aus Spoletium (1. H. 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Röm. Ritter aus Spoletium und Bekannter Ciceros, klagte zusammen mit seinem Bruder C.C. 74 v.Chr. den L. Aelius Staienus (Cic. Cluent. 100), 66 und 65 den von Cicero verteidigten Volkstribunen C. Cornelius [I 2] erfolglos wegen maiestas an (Ascon. 59-62C; Cic. Brut…

[English version] [1] Q., röm.Offizier (46 v. Chr.) Q., Offizier (Militärtribun ?) des Pompeius in Spanien 46 v. Chr. (Dio 43,29,3) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] Cn. (Mitte 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Cn., Ankläger des M. Saufeius 52 v. Chr. (Ascon. 55C). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Nicolet 2, 779-781. [English version] [3] gest. 43 v. Chr. im J. 43 v. Chr. proskribiert und ermordet (App. civ. 4,26). Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [4] gest. 68 n. Chr. Delator unbekannten sozialen Ranges, nach Neros Tod vom Volk in Rom gelyncht (Plut. Galba 8,7). Eck, We…

Italischer Eigenname, mit und ohne Gemination des s bezeugt (Schulze, 159; ThlL, Onom. 2,667f.). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] C., L. Praetor 73 v.Chr., fiel gegen Spartacus Praetor (?) 73 v.Chr., fiel gegen Spartacus (Sall. hist. 3,94; Plut. Crassus 9,4f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography F. Ryan, The Praetorship of Varinius, Cossinius and Glaber, in: Klio 78, 1996, 376. [English version] [I 2] C., L. Dialogpartner bei Varro und Cicero Spricht als Dialogpartner bei Varro (rust. 2) über Viehzucht, wohl identisch mit einem zwischen 60 und…

Röm. Gentilname, histor. erst seit dem 2. Jh.v.Chr. bezeugt. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] N., L. Volkstribun 471 v. Chr. Mitglied des ersten vollständig bekannten Volkstribunencollegiums von 471 v.Chr. (Calpurnius Piso fr. 23 HRR = Liv. 2,58,1; Diod. 11,68,8). Müller, Christian (Bochum) [English version] [2] N., P. Volkstribun 449 v. Chr., Großvater oder -onkel der Verginia In der Überl. erscheint N. als Großvater oder (Groß)onkel der Verginia, der gemeinsam mit ihrem Verlobten L. Icilius [1] diese vor der Begierde des Decemvirn…

Röm. Cognomen (“in der toga praetexta gekleideter Knabe”). Beiname des L. Papirius [I 23] P. und in der Familie der Sulpicii; in der Kaiserzeit weit verbreitet. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Vettius Agorius P. Praefectus urbi 265-267 n. Chr. etwa 320-384 n. Chr. Nach Quaestur und Praetur war er vor 362 corrector Tusciae et Umbriae, 362/4 als Günstling des Iulianus [11] proconsul Achaiae, 365/7 praefectus urbi in Rom, dann Praetorianerpraefekt von Illyrien, Italien, Africa; 384 zum Consul designiert; mehrfach Gesandter des Senats. Er wa…

Römisches Cognomen vielleicht etr. Herkunft [1. 310, 315, 418], in Verbindung mit catus (“scharfsinnig”, “gewitzt” [2; 3. 250]. In republikanischer Zeit verbreitet in den Familien der Hostilii und Valerii, prominent bei den Porcii, nach deren Vorbild C. gelegentlich synonym für einen konservativen Römer gebraucht wird; ganz vereinzelt auch als Gentiliz [1. 303]. Porcius Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Porcius C., M. der Ältere, Politiker und Schrifsteller, 234-149 v. Chr. (234-149 v.Chr.), “Cato der Ältere”, “Censorius”, energischer Politiker…

Name einer röm. plebeiischen Familie (gelegentlich mit Laetorius verwechselt), erst im 2. Jh. v.Chr. zu einigem Ansehen gelangt, in der Kaiserzeit unbedeutend. [English version] [1] P. Cestianus, L. Quaestor 43/2 v. Chr. 43/42 v.Chr. Quaestor unter M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus; emittierte Denare, die mit der Darstellung eines pilleus zwischen zwei Dolchen und der Legende Eid(ibus) Mart(iis) die Ermordung Caesars an den Iden des März 44 v.Chr. feierten (RRC 508). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] P. Cestianus, M. Verm. 63/2 Statthalter von Makedonien War vor 69 v.C…

Röm. Cognomen, die Adoption aus der gens Octavia (Octavius) bezeichnend, in der röm. Kaiserzeit auch Familienname. [English version] [1] Erster röm. Kaiser (Augustus) Mit O. wird in der wiss. Lit. häufig der erste röm. Kaiser, Augustus, in der Zeit von der testamentarischen Adoption durch Caesar 44 v.Chr. bis zur Annahme des Beinamens Augustus 27 v.Chr. bezeichnet. Geb. als C. Octavius, übernahm dieser 44 zunächst den Namen seines Adoptivvaters C. Iulius Caesar. Den weiteren Beinamen O. verwendete er allerdings nie, da er nur auf seine unbedeuten…

Plebeischer Gentilname. [English version] [1] s. Albanius A. s. Albanius, C. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] A., L. L. (1. H. 4. Jh. v. Chr.) brachte beim Galliereinfall 387 v. Chr. die Vestalinnen nach Caere in Sicherheit (Liv. 5,40,9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [3] A., M. (L. ?) M. (L. ?) Konsulartribun 379 v. Chr. Konsulartribun 379 v. Chr. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [4] A. Paterculus, L. Paterculus, L., Volkstribun 494 bzw. 493 v. Chr. einer der ersten Volkstribunen 494 bzw. 493 v. Chr. Er wird nicht in allen…

Verbreitetes röm. Cognomen und Familienname (“Binse”) [1. 729; 2. 334]. [English version] [1] I., M. Praetor 76 v.Chr. Praetor 76 v.Chr. s. Iunius [I 22] I., M. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Walde/Hofmann 1 2 Kajanto, Cognomina. [English version] [2] I. Vergilianus Senator, gehörte zum Kreis um Messalina und Silius Senator, der zum Kreis um Messalina und Silius gehörte und von ihrer Heirat wußte; 48 n.Chr. hingerichtet. Sein Name vielleicht Iunius I. Vergilianus, PIR2 J 712. Eck, Werner (Köln)

[English version] [1] Röm. Cognomen Röm. Cognomen (“Schafhirte”), nur in der Spätant. vorkommend. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 260 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 323. [English version] [2] Beamter unter Odoacer Zu einer unbestimmten Zeit zw. 476-490 n.Chr. comes sacrarum largitionum unter Odoacer, vielleicht aus Ligurien [2. 183]. Er wird in den Variae des Cassiodorus erwähnt. O.s Söhne Cyprianus und O. hatten unter Theoderich d.Gr. Ämter inne. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 807f. 2 D. Henning, Periclitans res publica, 1999, 10…

Plebeischer Gentilname (Schulze 133; ThlL 2,1674f.). Die Familie trat seit dem 2. Pun. Krieg hervor, aber ohne in der Republik dauerhaft in die ersten Ränge der röm. Nobilität aufzusteigen. Die wichtigste Familie ist die der Tamp(h)ili. In der Kaiserzeit stellen die Baebii zahlreiche Beamte in der Reichsverwaltung. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] B. (Tamphilus), M. Volkstribun 103 v. Chr. (?), leistete als Volkstribun 103 v.Chr. Widerstand gegen die lex agraria des L. Appuleius Saturninus (Vir. ill. 73,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] B. …

[English version] [1] Frau des L. Cornelius Cinna (1. H. 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Frau des L. Cornelius Cinna († 84), dann des M. Pupius Piso Frugi, cos. 61 v. Chr. (Vell. 2,41,2). Vielleicht Schwester von A. [I 12] und Tochter von C. Annius [I 15] Rufus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] A. Aurelia Galeria Lucilla s. Lucilla Aug. Gattin des L. Verus Lucilla Aug. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [3] A. Galeria Faustina s. Faustina I. Gattin des Antoninus Pius, s. Faustina I. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [4] A. Galeria Faustina s. Faustina II. Gattin des Marcus Aurelius…

(Attidius), selten belegter Eigenname (vgl. das Municipium Attidium in Umbrien, Schulze 558; ThlL 2,1174). [English version] [1] Senator, Exilant bei Mithridates VI., 67 v. Chr. getötet Senator, Exilant bei Mithradates VI., von diesem 67 v.Chr. getötet (App. Mithr. 410). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] A. Geminus Statthalter in Griechenland unter Augustus nach 29 v. Chr. Statthalter in Griechenland ( praetor Achaiae, Tac. ann. 4,43,3) unter Augustus nach 29 v.Chr., auf dessen Entscheidung sich die Messenier 25 n.Chr. beriefen. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

Roman cognomen (‘golden yellow’, ‘blond’, probably named after the hair colour), in the Republican period for C. Alfius [I 6] F., the family of the Decimii, Sp.  Larcius F. and L.  Lucretius Triticipinus F. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Of the Cheruscan tribal aristocracy, father of Italicus, also after AD 9 on the side of Rome Brother of  Arminius, of the Cheruscan tribal aristocracy. Son of  Segimerus, son-in-law of the Chatti princeps Actumerus (Tac. Ann. 11,16,1), father of  Italicus [1. 201f.]. F. remained on the side of Rome…

Roman cognomen (‘blond’, ‘radiant’, with ablaut, related to flavus [1]), in the Republican period epithet of C. Aquilius [I 11] F. and L. Mestius F. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] P. Annius F. Lat. poet and writer, 1st/2nd cent. AD Under the cognomen Florus (in conjunction with the family name Annius or Ann(a)eus and the first name P. or L.) four works or groups of works are known: 1. the introduction to a dialogue Vergilius orator an poeta (P. Annius F.), 2. and 3. fragment of a correspondence (Charisius, Gramm. 66,10f.; 157,21f. B.) and an exchange o…

Roman nomen gentile, which can almost certainly be traced back to the praenomen G. attested from the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC. There is evidence of the bearers of the name in the political life of Rome from the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] Stepbrother of L. Marcius Philippus (Cos. 56 BC) Stepbrother of L. Marcius Philippus ( cos. 56 BC), otherwise unknown supporter of P. Clodius [I 4] from the equestrian class, defamed by Cicero as ‘the wet-nurse of all revolutionaries’ (Cic. Vatin. 4; Cic. Sest. 110-112). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] G., Cn. Rom. historia…

Plebeian gentilicium, also Coilius, in surviving manuscripts often confused with Caelius (Schulze 155; ThlL, Onom. 2, 523-525). Bearers of this name are documented since the 2nd cent. BC, usually belonging to the Tribus Aemilia. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C. Antipater, L. Historiographer, late 2nd cent. BC Possibly the brother of the senator C. Coelius C.f. [1; 2. 16], a highly educated scholar of law and rhetoric (Cic. Brut. 102; Dig. 1,2,2,40), considered the teacher and friend of L. Licinius Crassu…

Name of a plebeian family (further development of Fufius [1]), prominent in Arpinum, the home town of Cicero. [German version] [1] Rom. eques, 1st cent. BC Roman equestrian, in 57 BC creditor to Apollonia in Illyria (Cic. Pis. 86). Possibly identical with the F. from whom Cicero bought a country estate in Arpinum for his brother in 54 (Ad Q. fr. 3,1,3), who appointed Cicero joint heir in 47 (Att. 11,13,3) and whom Horace attacked as a profiteer (Sat. 1,2,12-22). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Nicolet 2, 882f. [German version] [2] F., L. Propraetor 80 BC Allegedly ex-centurio (O…

[German version] [1] Name Rare Roman cognomen (‘priest’), in the Republican period attested for the Licinii (Licinius [I 41]), in the Imperial period for Marius Plotius [II 5] Claudius S. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 319. [German version] [2] Priest (plur. sacerdotes). The second part of the Latin word is derived from the Indo-European *dhe- (cf. Greek tithénai, Lat. facere, English do): a sacerdos was thus 'someone who performed sacra '. Sacerdotes became the umbrella term for all religious functionaries, but its meaning as a tech…

Plebeian tribe, from which senatorial representatives already emerged in the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] L., homo novus, consul 60 BC L., homo novus, supporter of Pompey, distinguished himself as his legate 77-73 (?) BC in the war against Sertorius (Plut. Sert. 19,3 ff.); 72 (?) praetor, 71-67 (?) as proconsul in Spain (conquest of Calagurris, triumph). 66-62 legate in the war against Mithridates. With the support of Pompey, he became consul together with Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer in 60 BC. In 55, sent by Pomp…

Name of a family that came from Praeneste, which is documented there already in the Republican era. An Anician achieved the consulate in 160 BC (see [I 4]), but otherwise the tribe does not distinguish itself again in the Republic. In the imperial era, however, the gens blossomed; from the post-Diocletian era until the 4th cent. AD as an urban Roman family, and then, continued by the members of the female line, emerged as Christian aristocracy of great significance in the 5th cent [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A., C. Senator (middle of the …

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (“child desired by parents”), very widespread in the Imperial period; equally commonly a slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 75; 77; 296 2 H. Solin, Die stadtrömische Sklavennamen, vol. 1, 1994, 110-111. [German version] [2] Flavius O. Imperial grammar teacher, 4th cent. AD Grammar teacher of the son of the emperor Licinius [II 4]. Allegedly, because of his wife's beauty he had great influence under Constantine [1] the Great and was appointed consul b…

Roman cognomen probably of Etruscan origin, as a praenomen passed down for the Aequian king G. Cloelius in 458 BC (Liv. 3,25,5). As cognomen prominent in the family of the Sempronii, especially with the people's tribunes Ti. and C.  Sempronius Gracchus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Writer of Lat. tragedies Writer of Latin tragedies ( Thyestes, Atalanta, Peliades), only a short fragment of each is extant (for Inc. inc. fab. 120-124 2R see [4]); Ov. Pont. 4,16,31 names him together with L.  Varius Rufus in a catalogue of contemporary writers. This…

Nomen gentile of an Etruscan family (or Perpenna on inscriptions ); the family must have received citizenship early: its rise to political power began with P. [2]. P. [3] was the first person with a non-Roman name to become consul, although he lost his citizenship in 126 BC. [German version] [1] P., C. Praetor no later than 91 BC, legate of consul P. Rutilius Lupus in 90 Probably brother of P. [4], praetor no later than 91 BC, was defeated in 90 as legate of consul P. Rutilius Lupus in the Civil War [3] (App. B Civ. 1,179; 183). MRR 2, 20; 29. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] P., M. L…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Common Roman cognomen, initially an individual epithet ('bow-legged', cf. Plin. HN 11,254). Recorded for Alfenus [3; 5], Aternius, Licinius [I 46-47], Quinctilius [I 1-3; II 7-8], Vibius. The best known bearer was P. Quinctilius [II 7] V. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCap., 149 Id., FCIR, 271 Kajanto, Cognomina, 242. [German version] [2] Sophist from Perge, c. 150 (Οὔαρος/ Oúaros). Sophist from Perge, c. AD 150, from a noble family, presumably the Plancii (Plancius; cf. [1. 22; 2]). Son of one Callic…

[German version] [1] Wife of L. Cornelius Cinna (1st half of 1st cent. BC) Wife of L. Cornelius Cinna († 84), then of M. Pupius Piso Frugi, cos. 61 BC (Vell. Pat. 2,41,2). Perhaps sister of A. [I 12] and daughter of C.  Annius [I 15] Rufus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Aurelia Galeria Lucilla see Lucilla Aug. Spouse of L. Verus  Lucilla Aug. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2a] A. Fundania Faustina daughter of M. Annius [II 9] Libo, married to T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius [4] Pollio; executed under Commodus (AD 180-192, HA Comm. 7,7). PIR2 A 713. Eck, Werner…

Common nomen gentile in the late Republic and early Principate; its bearers are generally of little political importance (Schulze, 221; 462). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] R., C. (?) People's tribune, 122 BC As people's tribune in 122 BC, he laid down a law concerning the foundation of the colony of Carthage by C. Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. C. Gracchus 10,2; mentioned as lex Rubria CIL I2 585, ch. 59; perhaps also mentioned in Sherk 16, l. 12). MRR 1,517; 3,182. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] R. Propraetor of Macedonia i…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (derived in popular etymology from pisere, 'trample', Plin. HN 18,10), hereditary within the family of the Calpurnii (Calpurnius [I 8-23; II 12-24]) and transferred to the Pupii (Pupius); in many other families in the Imperial Period. Also the name of an Aquitanian prince who fell fighting for Caesar in 55 BC (Caes. B Gall. 4,12,3-6); his father or grandfather may have taken the name from L. Calpurnius [I 17] P. ( cos. 112 BC). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCIR, 262. [German version] [2] Epigrammatist Otherwise…

Initially cognomen in the gens  Livia (ThlL, Onom. 3,256-260). According to Suet. Tib. 3,2, an otherwise unknown Livius (in the 3rd cent. BC) assumed the epithet, after he had won a duel with the Celtic leader Drausus, and passed it on to his family. Through  Livia's first marriage, with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero, the cognomen passed into the Claudian branch of the domus Augusta through her son Nero Claudius [II 24] (D. Maior), brother of the second Princeps  Tiberius; D. appears in the name of the son of D. Maior,  Germanicus, of the latter's son D. [II 2], …

Latin name of an ancient dynasty from Tusculum (in manuscripts frequently confused with Manilius and Manlius). Because the city was considered a foundation of Telegonus, the son of Odysseus and Circe, the Mamilii, from the early 2nd cent. BC at the latest, traced their lineage to Odysseus, via Mamilia, the daughter of Telegonus (coins: RRC 149; 362; in literature, from the Augustan period: Fest. 116f. L; Liv. 1,49,9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,45,1). In the 5th cent. BC, with M. [I 1] the family was accepted in Ro…

Roman family name, probably derived from the Latin city of Norba [1] (‘man from Norba’). The family first attained Roman citizenship with N. [I 1], owing its advancement to Caesar and Augustus, and then disappeared. In the Imperial period N. was also a cognomen. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] N., C. Praetor 89 BC, homo novus Novus homo of non-Roman descent (the nomen gentile indicates origins from Norba [1]). As people's tribune in 103 BC and follower of L. Appuleius [I 11] Saturninus, he brought a case against C. Servilius Caepio ( cos. 106) over the defeat at Arausio in …

Plebeian family name, attested since the 1st cent. BC; also occurred in Praeneste (ThlL, Onom. 354f); the family is politically insignificant [2]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C. Architect in the late republican period Architect of the pons Cestius between the right bank of the Tiber and Tiber Island, probably during the late republican period; otherwise unknown. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., C. Praetor (?) 44 BC Praetor (?) 44 BC; probably proscribed by Antonius in 43. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] C., L. Praetor and …

Roman family name (Schulze, 168, 276, A.7; ThlL, Onom. 2, 587), related to copo ‘innkeeper’ in popular etymology (Mart. 3,59), attested since the 1st cent. BC. [German version] [1] C., C. Praetor under Pompey 49 BC Cicero praised him and his brother T.C. as adulescentes in 56 BC (Balb. 53; Cael. 24). In 53 BC, he was praefectus in Syria, in 49 BC, praetor and mint master under Pompey (RRC 444), and in 48, as propraetor, he lost his fleet in a storm at sea. He is probably identical to the C. who was proscribed in 43 and who owed his life to his wife's …

Hereditary cognomen in the younger line of the Claudii family (Claudius; from the 2nd half of the 3rd cent. BC); according to ancient etymology of Sabine origin, meaning ‘brave’ (Suet. Tib. 1.2; Gell. NA 13.23.7f., etc.). With Livia's children [2] from her first marriage with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero - the later princeps Tiberius and N. Claudius [II 24] Drusus (the Elder) - the name passed into the Julio-Claudian imperial house (stemma: Augustus). Whereas Tiberius retained N. as an epithet, his brother bore it as praenomen, as did their sons Drusus [II 1] (the Younger) and…

Widespread plebeian gentilicium, verifiable since the 5th cent. BC, alternative form Ateilius, Greek Ἀτείλος, Ἀτίλλιος ( Ateílos, Atíllios; Schulze 151; 440; ThlL 2,1172f.). A M.A. under Tarquinius Priscus (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,62,4) is fictional. The most important families are in the 3rd cent. BC the Atilii Reguli, in the 2nd and 1st cents. the Sarani (in the newer form Serrani). In the imperial era the significance of the bearers of this name declines in public life.   Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] Author of  palliata, 2nd cent. BC Author of  palli…

Rare Roman praenomen , principally used by the patrician families Aemilii, Sergii and Valerii and by the plebeian Acilii, most often in Upper Italy (rarely nomen gentile: ILS 6230 and M. [I 2] below), acronym: a five-stroked M (, , in print M'.). Two alternatives for the name's origin have been proposed since antiquity: derivation from mane ‘in the morning’ (Varro, Ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; Liber de Praenominibus 5: ‘one born in the morning’) or from manus ‘good’ i.e. from the di manes , euphemistically the ‘good gods’ (Zos. 2,3,2). Neither of the two has yet been convincingly argued. Rix, H…

Rare Roman nomen gentile (epigraphically Numesius, ILS 9231). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] One of the praetors of the Latin league in 340 BC One of the two chief magistrates ( praetores) of the Latin League, who, with his colleague L. Annius [I 3], attempted to enforce perfect equality between the Latins and the Romans in 340 BC, firstly through negotiations and then by means of war; he also continued the war after the defeat of the Latins on Mt. Vesuvius (Liv. 8,3,9; 11,5-12). Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] N. (?) Nucula Membe…

[German version] [1] Comic poet, 2nd cent. BC Roman comic poet in the palliata genre, younger contemporary of Terentius [III 1], died according to Hier. Chron. p. 148 Helm 104 BC. Fragments survive of 13 plays with uniformly Greek titles; his main source was Menander [4]. With Caecilius [III 6] and Terence, who was dramaturgically close to him, T. represents the increasingly Hellenizing and Classicizing development of palliata, whereas multiplicity of metre and colour of language separate him from the stylistic purity of Terence and rather link him to Plaut…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen, epithet of Q. Caecilius Metellus N. and his son Roman cognomen (‘grandson’) to distinguish a boy from his father and grandfather of the same name. Epithet of Q. Caecilius [I 28] Metellus N. and his homonymous son [I 29]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 79; 304. [German version] [2] Cornelius N. Biographer and historian, 1st cent. BC ( c. 100-24 BC) represents the dynamic of intellectual culture in Rome during the 1st cent. BC. He hailed from the Transpadana region and was an equestrian. N. …

Roman nomen gentile of Etruscan origin (in Antiquity probably seen as a variant of Tarquinius , cf. Fest. 496). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T. Priscus Technical author, 1st cent. BC? Latin writer perhaps of the 1st cent. BC (cf. Verg. Catal. 5,3); mentioned in Macrobius [1] (Sat. 3,20,3; 5. cent. BC) as the author of an ostentarium arborarium (Etrusci, Etruria III with ill. on Etrusca disciplina), probably an ordered and annotated list of trees and shrubs ( arbores) of significance in divination. T. may also be meant in Plin. HN 2; …

Roman nomen gentile, sometimes confused with Sextius. The family surfaced as patrician with S. [1] and [5] in the mid 5th cent. BC. In the late Republic, it had only (politically insignificant) plebeian members. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. In order to illustrate the just administration of the first collegium of decemviri , especially the justice of C. Iulius [I 13] Iullus, Livy (3,33,9 f.) and Cicero (Rep. 2,61) tell the anecdote that after a corpse was found buried in the house of S., Iulius - who,…

Roman family name, probably derived from a place name (Treba, Trebula), very common in the Imperial Period. [German version] [1] Samnite leader in the Social Wars, c. 100 BC Leader ( praetor) of the Samnites in the Social Wars [3], he was defeated in 89 BC by C. Cosconius [I 1] on the Aufidus and escaped to Canusium (App. Civ. 1,228). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] T. Testa, C. Roman lawyer, 1st cent. BC Roman jurist ( c. 84 BC until after AD 4), pupil of Q. Cornelius Maximus (Dig. 1,2,2,45) and teacher of  Antistius [II 3] Labeo (Dig. 1,2,2,47). He wa…

Roman family name (in inscriptions also Opeimius), possibly derived from the (undocumented) cognomen Opimus (cf. Quint. Decl. 302). The family gained notoriety through O. [1] in the 2nd cent. BC, but in the 1st cent. BC no longer played a role in politics. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] O., L. Consul in 121 BC, declared opponent of the Gracchi In 125 BC, he was praetor urbanus and destroyed the rebellious town of Fregellae, which had risen up against Rome after M. Fulvius [I 9] Flaccus's initiative to give Roman citizenship to the Italic all…

[German version] [1] C. Gaia Wife of Tarquinius Priscus Wife of  Tarquinius Priscus (Fest. p. 276); in Plin. HN 8,194 and Paul. Fest. s.v. G.C. p. 85 L., her name is  Tanaquil (refer [1]). Her name links her to the goddess Gaia and thus with wedding rites. For the connection with the ager Tarquiniorum cf. Liv. 2,5; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,13,2-4, with the river god Tiber [2. 378-83]. For the name C. [2. 382]. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R. Thomsen, King Servius Tullius, 1980, Index s.v. Tanaquil 2 A. Momigliano, Roma Arcaica, 1989, 371-83 (with all sources). …

Roman gens name, probably of Latin origin with Etruscan parallels (the patrician gens in Dion Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7 is invented), historically attested no earlier than the 3rd century BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Between 220-219 BC Creator of a lex Metilia In 220-219 BC, at the instigation of the censors C. Flaminius [1] and L. Aemilius [I 27] Papus, a l ex Metilia was passed on the professional status of fullers ( fullones) (Plin. HN. 35,197; MRR 1, 236). Its exact purpose, its creator and his office remain…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (‘Muse’) of the family of the Pomponii (Pomponius). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 53; 216. [German version] [2] Roman rhetor of the Augustan-Tiberian period Roman rhetor of the Augustan-Tiberian period. His contemporary Seneca the Elder (Contr. 10, pr. 9f.) characterised him as talented but tasteless, since he had a tendency towards unnatural bombast (cf. also Sen. Contr. 7,5,13; Sen. Suas. 1,13). However, M. appears to have found the approval of Seneca's sons (Sen. Contr. 10, pr. 9). Schmidt, Pet…

Roman family name, probably related to Gabii (Schulze 532f.), widespread in Latium, and documented from the 3rd cent. BC; during the 2nd cent. BC, the family gained senatorial rank. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] G., A. People's tribune 139 BC Allegedly the grandson of a slave (Liv. Per. Oxyrhynch. 54; cf. Cic. Leg. 3,35), in 146 BC envoy to the Achaeans; as people's tribune he introduced the secret ballot with voting tablets ( tabellae) for the election of officials in 139 (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. loc. cit.; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Ge…

Italic surname, Lucanius [1. 532]; better known as a Roman cognomen, probably originally an ethnicon from the place name Luca [1. 532; 2. 193]. In the fasti of the Imperial period in the family of the Claudii, Curvii, Domitii, Titii [3. 257]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] M. Annaeus L. Epic poet Lucan, 1st cent. AD The Roman epic poet Lucan. Vessey, David T. (Huntingdon) [German version] A. Life L. was born on 3 November AD 39 in Corduba as son of a family often described as Spanish, but more probably descended from Italic colonists. He came t…

Name of a Roman plebeian family which does not appear until the 1st century BC; in fact a nickname ('flat-footed'). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in 114 BC Elected people's tribune for the year 113 BC. Straight after assuming office in December 114, he carried through a law which led to new proceedings for 'fornication' against the Vestals Licinia [4] and Marcia [3] under the chairmanship of C. Cassius [I 17] Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Nat. D. 3,74; Ascon. 45f. C.). MRR 1, 536. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] P., Sex. Praetor in 77 BC, pr…

Roman cognomen, extension of Salvius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S. of Massilia Christian theologian at Massilia, died after 465 (modern Marseille), probably born after AD 400 at Trier, evidence of his presence on the Lérins Islands, married, later ascetic, wrote the treatise Ad Ecclesiam (‘To the Church’; Pseudepigraphy [II]) after 435, exhortating all Christians to donate all inheritance for ascetic reasons for the work of the church. S. then lived at Marseille as a priest until his death (after c. 465), there composing De gubernatione Dei (‘The Government…

Roman nomen gentile of Etruscan origin ( pumple). King Numa Pompilius was considered as the first ancestor of the family. The known bearers of the name are historically insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] P. Andronicus, M. Grammarian, 1st cent. BC According to Suet. Gram. 8, a 1st century BC grammarian and freedman from Syria; because of his Epicurean philosophical focus, he failed to establish himself in Rome and so moved to Cumae (Cyme [2]). His main work, a criticism of the Annales of Ennius [1] ( Annalium Enni Elenchi in 16 books), was published by …

[German version] [1] see Faustulus See Faustulus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Wealthy friend of the poet Martial Wealthy friend of the poet Martial, who dedicated bks. 3 (3,2) and 4 (4,10) to him; he owned villae in Baiae (3,58), Tibur (4,57), Tarracina (10,51,8) and Trebula (5,71). PIR2 F 127. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Governor, in AD 273, of the province of Belgica under Esuvius [1] Tetricus Governor, probably in AD 273, of the province of Belgica under Esuvius [1] Tetricus; according to Polemius Silvius (Chron. Min.…

Plebeian nomen (Schulze 266; 424), attested historically from the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] F.M. f., C. Rom. senator and historian, partaker in the storming of Carthage Roman senator and historian (in Cic. Brut. 99 falsely differentiated from a relative). F. distinguished himself in 146 BC with Ti. Gracchus at the storming of Carthage (Plut. Gracchi 4,6), fought in 141 as tribunus militum in Spain (App. Ib. 287), was the son-in-law of C.  Laelius and heard  Panaetius (Cic. Brut. 100f.). In…

Roman nomen gentile (in the MSS very frequently Tremellius), attested from the 2nd. cent. BC onwards. The six generations of praetorian ancestors on whom T. [3] prided himself (Varro, Rust. 2,4,2) are quite believable. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Cn. As tribune of the people, he successfully interceded in 168 BC against an extension of the term served by the censors (Liv. 45,15,9) who had passed him over in the lectio senatus . As praetor in 159 BC, he insulted the pontifex maximus who gave him a penalty ( multa ). A people's court confir…

Plebeian family name, perhaps connected with Etruscan furnial (Schulze 217, with epigraphical evidence). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] F., C. People's tribune 50 BC, orator Like his son F. [2], a famous Roman orator ( Furnii ... clari oratores; Jer. Chron. ad annum 1980-81). People's tribune in 50 BC, legate in 44-43, praetor in 42 (?), envoy in 40 and 39, promagistrate in Asia in 36-35, c onsul designatus for 29 (MRR 2, 249, 331, 353, 359, 376, 389, 402, 408; 3, 97). At first, an admirer of the orator Cicero, he placed himself politically in …

Plebeian gentilicium, verifiable since the 2nd cent. BC, in the older form Atius, in the MSS often confused with Accius (on the origin and spread, Schulze 68; 423; 551; ThlL 2,1169-71). The gens first achieved prominence with  Atia, the mother of the emperor Augustus. Early imperial pseudo-genealogy therefore invented an ancestor Atys (Verg. Aen. 5,568 Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A. Balbus, M. Grandfather of Augustus Brother-in-law of Caesar ( Iulia) and grandfather of Augustus ( Atia [1]). …

Roman cognomen (ThlL 2,1694f.; [1. 240]). Consuls with the epithet B.: L. Saenius B. (? 30 BC), P. Coelius B. Vibellius Pius (AD 137), L. Valerius Poblicola B. (AD 256). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] D.C. (Calvinus) B. = Imperator Caesar D.C. Calvinus B. Elected emperor by the Senate in 238 AD According to Zonaras, (12,17, not precise) 60 years old in the year AD 238, when he was elected emperor by the Senate, together with  Pupienus, who is always mentioned before him. Supposed descendant of the Gaditanian Cornelius Balbus (S…

Originally the epithet of a victor, first assumed by P. Cornelius Scipio A. (Maior) after the victory over Carthage in 201 BC (Liv. 30,45,6), then assumed by his adoptive son P. Cornelius Scipio A. (Minor), cos. 147; later as surname also in other families [1]. In the imperial era surname of the emperors Gordian I and II, Justinian I and Flavius Mauricius. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Greek doctor 2nd or 1st cent. BC Greek doctor of the 2nd or 1st cent. BC, who dedicated a few of his prescriptions to a king Antigonus [1]. Not to be confused with a…

Plebeian gentile name (on form and distribution [1], ThLL 2, 291). The poet  Apuleius [III, of Madaura] I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A. Real-estate dealer (1st cent. BC) Late Republican real-estate dealer ( praediator) (Cic. Att. 5,11,16; 12,4,2; 12,17). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] A. Proscribed in 43 BC Proscribed in 43 BC but escaped (App. B Civ. 4,166). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 427. [German version] [I 3] A., L. People's tribune in 391 BC People's tribune in 391 BC, whose complaint supposedly caused M…

Probably originally a Roman family name, recorded as a cognomen ('left-handed'), in the Republican period in the Mucii family (Mucius [I 2; 4-10; II 2]); for the legend of origin see Mucius [I 2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Q. Cervidius S. Roman lawyer, 2nd cent. Roman lawyer, who under Marcus [2] Aurelius (AD 161-180) was a member of his consilium (SHA Aur. 11,10) and from AD 175 was praef. vigilum (CIL XIV 4502); he also remained active under Commodus and Septimius Severus (until c. AD 200) [5. 113 f.]. As a respondent with a practical bent he wrote Digesta …

[German version] [1] Author of 'Daphnis and Chloe' (Λόγγος; Lóngos). We have no information about the person who wrote the most famous Greek novel, ‘Daphnis and Chloe’: the name L. in the MSS is typically Roman and frequently attested on Lesbos, the island where the action of the novel takes place, but Roman names were very common among Greeks in the Imperial period. Also as far as the dating of the work is concerned, we only have few indications which leave room for doubt. The refinement of the tale con…

Plebeian gentilicium. [German version] [1] P. (1st cent BC) P. (?), one of the accusers of P. Sestius 56 BC de vi (Cic. Vatin. 3,41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] P. Legate 82 BC P., legate (?) of C. Norbanus in 82 BC (App. B Civ. 1,91). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] P., pontifex minor (middle of 1st cent. BC) P., pontifex minor before 69 BC until after 57 (MRR 2,71; 135; 3,14) identical with [1] or [2] ? Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] Celsus, private secretary of the young  Tiberius Celsus, private secretary ( comes scribaque) of th…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, probably derived not from hortus but from the place names Hortense, Hortenses [1. 660; 2. 175; 177; 534]. The first definitely attested bearer of the name is H. [4], the most prominent member the orator H. [7]. Family tree: [3. 75]. [German version] [1] H., L. Praetor 170 BC As praetor in 170 BC commanded the fleet in the third Macedonian War (honours in Athens: IG II2 907, and Delos: IDélos III 461 Aa 83). He conquered Abdera, sold its population into slavery, and oppressed Chalcis, but had to rescind his orders by instruction o…

Latin gentile name of Italian origin. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] A. (1st half of 1st cent. BC) Made fun of by Catull (Carm. 84) due to affected pronunciation. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] A., C. Neighbour of Cicero Neighbour of Cicero at his Formianum (Cic. Att. 2.14.2; 15.3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] A., L. City praetor of Cales City praetor of Cales (ILLRP 560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 4] A., Q. Praetor in 73 BC Praetor in 73 BC [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 422-423. …

(Πυθόδωρος/ Pythódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian, paved the way (in 411BC) for the oligarchic constitution of the 400 Athenian who, according to [Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 29,1-2 (cf. Thuc. 8,67,1), in 411 BC made a motion in the public assembly to elect a further 20 'preliminary counselors' ( próbouloi) to draw up proposals for saving the state. He thus paved the way for the oligarchic constitution of the 400 ( tetrakósioi ). Diog. Laert. 9,54 (= Diels/Kranz 80 A 1) names him as the prosecutor of Protagoras [1]. P. may be identical with the …

Latin, in Rome a plebeian gentilicium, which also occurs in Etruscan and Oscan inscriptions [1]. The Etruscan king Anius, after whom the  Anio was supposedly named (Plut. Mor. 315E-F), is a scholarly invention. In Rome Annii were active from the 3rd cent. BC in public life, produced in the 2nd cent. from the family of the Lusci two consuls and were notorious in the 1st cent. because of T.  A. [14] Milo. In the imperial era the name is widespread, various families are present (e.g. cognomina: Bas…

[German version] [1] Legal term There are many different senses of deductio in specialized legal language: in civil case-law the expression in iudicium deducere usually indicates the transition of the dispute to the judgement stage, and so approximately corresponds to the modern concept of pendency. Deductio in domum is the ceremonial introduction of a wife into her husband's house (Dig. 23,2,5). A further frequent use of deductio is to denote the ‘deduction’ of specific components of a debt owed to a provider of services: for example the deduction of costs (D…

[German version] [1] Roman proper name Rare Roman proper name (‘Wolf’) [3. 115], quite common as a cognomen, in the Republican period of L. Cornelius [I 51] Lentulus L. ( cos. in 16 BC) and more widespread among the Rutilii in the Imperial period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 257 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 327 3 Schulze. [German version] [2] Poet Is named by Ovid (Pont. 4,16,26) as the author of a poem about the return of Menelaus [1] and Helene [1] from Troy. It may be that L. is identical with the orator P. Rutilius Lupus or …

[German version] [1] Second wife of Sulla Second wife of Sulla (Plut. Sull. 6,20). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Galla Wife of one Postumus (Augustan period) Wife of one Postumus = ? C. Propertius Postumus, Prop. 3,12,38; related to members of the senatorial Aelii of the Augustan period [1; 2]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] Paetina, second wife of  Claudius Ae. Paetina. Probably daughter of Sex. Aelius Catus; second wife of  Claudius, who separated from her (Suet. Claud. 26,2). They had a daughter  Antonia [5].  Narcissus …

Oscan/Italian praenomen (usual abbreviation in Lat. inscriptions Tr.), later also a Roman gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Statius Supposed to have handed his home city of Compsa over to Hannibal [4] in 216 BC (Liv. 23,1,1-3; Zon. 9,2,7). Punic Wars (II) Schmitt, Tassilo (Bielefeld) Bibliography J. von Ungern-Sternberg, Capua im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, 1975, 69. [German version] [2] T. Gallus, M. Roman equestrian, Caesar's prefect or tribune in Gaul, who demanded grain from the Coriosolites (…

(Πυθόδωρος). [English version] [1] Athener, 411 v. Chr. Wegbereiter der oligarchischen Verfassung der 400 Athener, stellte nach [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 29,1-2 (vgl. Thuk. 8,67,1) im J. 411 v. Chr. in der Volksversammlung den Antrag, weitere 20 “Vorberater” ( próbuloi) zu wählen, die Vorschläge zur Rettung des Staates ausarbeiten sollten. Er bereitete damit den Weg für die oligarchische Verfassung der 400 ( tetrakósioi ). Diog. Laert. 9,54 (= Diels/Kranz 80 A 1) nennt ihn als Ankläger des Protagoras [1]. P. ist evtl. identisch mit dem Arc…

Röm. Familienname (inschr. auch Opeimius), vielleicht abgeleitet vom (nicht bezeugten) Beinamen Opimus (vgl. Quint. decl. 302). Die Familie gelangte im 2. Jh.v.Chr. mit O. [1] zu notorischer Berühmtheit, spielte aber im 1. Jh.v.Chr. polit. keine Rolle mehr. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] O., L. Consul 121 v. Chr., entschiedener Gegner der Gracchen Zerstörte als praetor urbanus 125 v.Chr. das aufständische Fregellae, das sich nach dem Scheitern der Initiative des M. Fulvius [I 9] Flaccus zur Verleihung des röm. Bürgerrechts an di…

Lat. Gentilname ital. Herkunft [1]. I. Republik [English version] [I 1] A. (1. H. 1. Jh. v. Chr.) von Catull (carm. 84) wegen affektierter Aussprache verspottet. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] A., C. Nachbar Ciceros Nachbar Ciceros auf dessen Formianum (Cic. Att. 2,14,2; 15,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 3] A., L. Stadtpraetor von Cales Stadtpraetor von Cales (ILLRP 560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 4] A., Q. Praetor 73 v.Chr. Praetor 73 v.Chr. [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 422-42…

[English version] [1] Röm. Cognomen Röm. Cognomen (“Muse”) in der Familie der Pomponii (Pomponius). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 53; 216. [English version] [2] röm. Rhetor augusteisch-tiberianischer Zeit Röm. Rhetor augusteisch-tiberianischer Zeit. Sein Zeitgenosse Seneca d.Ä. (contr. 10, pr. 9f.) charakterisiert ihn als talentiert, aber geschmacklos, da er zu unnatürlichem Schwulst neige (vgl. auch Sen. contr. 7,5,13; Sen. suas. 1,13). Dagegen scheint M. bei Senecas Söhnen auf Beifall gestoßen zu sein (Sen. contr. 10, pr. 9). Schmidt, Pe…

Name eines aus Praeneste stammenden Geschlechtes, das dort bereits in republikanischer Zeit bezeugt ist. Ein Anicier gelangt 160 v. Chr. zum Konsulat (s. [I 4]), sonst trat das Geschlecht in der Republik nicht weiter hervor. In der Kaiserzeit jedoch blühte die Gens, in nachdiokletianischer Zeit bis ins 4. Jh. n. Chr. als stadtröm. Familie, um dann, von den Angehörigen der weiblichen Linie fortgeführt, als christl. Adel zu höchster Bed. im 5. Jh. zu gelangen [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] A., C. Senator (Mitte 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Senator un…

Latin. Name der alten Herrscherfamilie aus Tusculum (hsl. häufig mit Manilius und Manlius verwechselt). Da die Stadt als Gründung des Telegonos, des Sohnes des Odysseus und der Kirke, galt, führten sich die Mamilii spätestens seit dem frühen 2. Jh.v.Chr. über Mamilia, die Tochter des Telegonos, auf Odysseus zurück (Mz.: RRC 149; 362; lit. seit augusteischer Zeit: Fest. 116f. L; Liv. 1,49,9; Dion. Hal. ant. 4,45,1). Im 5. Jh.v.Chr. wurde die Familie mit M. [I 1] in Rom aufgenommen, erlangten Angehörige der M. mehrfach das Consulat (M. [5-7]; wohl im 1. Jh. v.Chr. ausgestorben. …

Plebeischer Gentilname (Schulze 266; 424), seit dem Beginn des 2. Jh. v.Chr. histor. bezeugt. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] F.M. f., C. röm. Senator und Historiker, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Röm. Senator und Historiker (in Cic. Brut. 99 falsch von einem Verwandten abgegrenzt). F. zeichnete sich 146 v.Chr. mit Ti. Gracchus bei der Erstürmung Karthagos aus (Plut. Gracchi 4,6), kämpfte 141 als tribunus militum in Spanien (App. Ib. 287), war Schwiegersohn des C. Laelius und hörte Panaitios (Cic. Brut. 100f.). 122 erreichte er, u…

Röm. Familienname, wohl mit Gabii zusammenhängend (Schulze 532f.), in Latium verbreitet und seit dem 3. Jh. v.Chr. bezeugt; im 2. Jh. gelangte die Familie in den Senat. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] G., A. Volkstribun 139 v.Chr. Angeblich Enkel eines Sklaven (Liv. per. Oxyrhynch. 54; vgl. Cic. leg. 3,35), 146 v.Chr. Gesandter zu den Achaiern, führte als Volkstribun 139 die geheime Abstimmung bei Beamtenwahlen durch Stimmtäfelchen ( tabellae) ein (1. lex tabellaria, Cic. a.a.O; Lael. 41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography M. Jehne, Geheime Abstimmun…

Röm. Cognomen wahrscheinlich etr. Herkunft, als Praenomen überliefert für den Aequerkönig G. Cloelius 458 v.Chr. (Liv. 3,25,5). Als Beiname prominent in der Familie der Sempronii, bes. bei den Volkstribunen Ti. und C. Sempronius Gracchus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] Verf. von Tragödien, verm. augusteische Zeit Als Verf. von lat. Trag. bezeugt ( Thyestes, Atalanta, Peliades), von denen nur jeweils ein kurzes Fr. erh. ist (zu Inc. inc.fab. 120-124 2R: [4]); Ov. Pont. 4,16,31 nennt ihn gemeinsam mit L. Varius Rufus in einem Katalog zeitgenössi…

Plebeischer Gentilname (zu Form und Verbreitung [1], ThLL 2, 291). Der Dichter s. Apuleius [III, von Madaura] I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] A. Immobilienhändler (1. Jh. v. Chr.) spätrepublikanischer Immobilienhändler ( praediator) (Cic. Att. 5,11,16; 12,4,2; 12,17). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] A. 43 v. Chr. proskribiert 43 v. Chr. proskribiert, aber entkommen (App. civ. 4,166). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 427. [English version] [I 3] A., L. Volkstribun 391 v. Chr. Volkstribun 391 v. Chr., durch desse…

Röm. Gentilname etr. Herkunft ( pumple). Als Ahnherr der Familie galt der König Numa Pompilius. Die bekannten Namensträger sind histor. unbedeutend. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] P. Andronicus, M. Grammatiker, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Nach Suet. gramm. 8 Grammatiker des 1. Jh. v. Chr., Freigelassener aus Syrien, der sich wegen seiner Konzentration auf die epikureische Philos. in Rom nicht durchsetzen konnte und deshalb nach Cumae (Kyme [2]) übersiedelte. Sein Hauptwerk, eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Annalen des Ennius [1] ( Annalium Enni elenchi in 16 B.), wur…

Name einer röm. plebeischen Familie, die im 1. Jh.v.Chr. mit dem Zweig der Planci größere polit. Bedeutung erlangte; wichtigster Angehöriger ist M. [I 4], cos. 42 v.Chr. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] M. Flaccus, L. nahm am Attentat gegen den Caesarianer Cassius Longinus 48 v. Chr. teil Aus der Hispania Baetica stammend; entkam 48 v.Chr. in Corduba nach einem mißlungenen Attentat auf den Caesarianer Q. Cassius [I 16] Longinus (Bell. Alex. 52,3f.). Als Anhänger des jüngeren Cn. Pompeius verteidigte …

[English version] [1] s. Faustulus s. Faustulus Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] Begüterter Freund des Dichters Martial Begüterter Freund des Dichters Martial, der ihm B. 3 (3,2) und 4 (4,10) widmete; er besaß Villen in Baiae (3,58), Tibur (4,57), Tarracina (10,51,8) und Trebula (5,71). PIR2 F 127. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [3] Wahrscheinlich 273 n.Chr. Statthalter der Provinz Belgica unter Esuvius [1] Tetricus Wahrscheinlich 273 n.Chr. Statthalter der Provinz Belgica unter Esuvius [1] Tetricus, gegen den er nach Polemiu…

Etr. Gentilname (inschr. Form auch Perpenna); die Familie muß schon früh röm. Bürgerrecht erh. haben: mit P. [2] beginnt ihr polit. Aufstieg, P. [3] ist der erste Träger eines nichtröm. Namens, der Consul wurde, auch wenn man ihm 126 v.Chr. das Bürgerrecht wieder aberkannte. [English version] [1] P., C. Praetor spätestens 91 v. Chr., 90 Legat des Consuls P. Rutilius Lupus Verm. Bruder von P. [4], Praetor spätestens 91 v.Chr., wurde 90 als Legat des Consuls P. Rutilius Lupus im Bundesgenossenkrieg [3] geschlagen (App. civ. 1,179; 183). MRR 2, 20; 29. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

Plebeischer Gentilname. [English version] [1] P. P. (1. Jh. v. Chr.) (?), einer der Ankläger des P. Sestius 56 v. Chr. de vi (Cic. Vatin. 3,41). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] P. P., Legat 82 v. Chr. Legat (?) des C. Norbanus 82 v. Chr. (App. civ. 1,91). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [3] P. P., Pontifex minor (Mitte 1. Jh. v. Chr.) Pontifex minor vor 69 v. Chr. bis nach 57 (MRR 2,71; 135; 3,14) - identisch mit [1] oder [2] ? Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [4] A. Celsus Privatsekretär des jungen Tiberius, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Privatsekretär ( comes s…

[English version] [1] Röm. Cognomen Röm. Cognomen (“der von den Eltern erwünschte Nachkomme”), in der Kaiserzeit weit verbreitet; ebenso häufiger Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 75; 77; 296 2 H. Solin, Die stadtröm. Sklavennamen, Bd. 1, 1994, 110-111. [English version] [2] Flavius O. kaiserlicher Grammatiklehrer, 4. Jh. Erzog als Grammatiklehrer den Sohn des Kaisers Licinius [II 4]. Angeblich besaß er wegen der Schönheit seiner Frau hohen Einfluß unter Constantinus [1] d.Gr. und wurde von diese…

Röm. Gentilname, der auf das seit dem Anf. des 3. Jh. v.Chr. bezeugte Praenomen G. zurückzuführen sein wird. Die Namensträger sind seit dem 2. Jh. v.Chr. im polit. Lebens Roms nachweisbar. [English version] [1] Stiefbruder des L. Marcius Philippus (Cos. 56 v.Chr.) Stiefbruder des L. Marcius Philippus ( cos. 56 v.Chr.), sonst unbekannter Anhänger des P. Clodius [I 4] aus dem Ritterstand, von Cicero als “Nährmutter aller Revolutionäre” diffamiert (Cic. Vatin. 4; Cic. Sest. 110-112). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] G., Cn. röm. Historiker, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Röm. Hist…

Plebeischer Familienname, seit dem 1.Jh. v.Chr. bezeugt, auch in Praeneste vorkommend (ThlL, Onom. 354f); die Familie ist polit. unbedeutend [2]. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] C. Brückenbauer, spätrepublikanische Zeit Erbauer des pons Cestius zw. dem rechten Tiberufer und der Tiberinsel wohl in spätrepublikanischer Zeit; sonst unbekannt. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] C., C. Praetor (?) 44 v.Chr. Praetor (?) 44 v.Chr., wohl 43 von Antonius proskribiert. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 3] C., L. Praetor und Münzm…

Plebeischer Gentilname, auch Coilius, in der handschriftlichen Überlieferung häufig mit Caelius verwechselt (Schulze 155; ThlL, Onom. 2, 523-525). Namensträger sind seit dem 2. Jh.v.Chr. bezeugt, meist zur Tribus Aemilia gehörig. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] C. Antipater, L. röm. Geschichtsschreiber, 2. Jh. v. Chr. Vielleicht Bruder des Senators C. Coelius C.f. [1; 2. 16], hochgebildeter Kenner des Rechts und der Beredsamkeit (Cic. Brut. 102; Dig. 1,2,2,40), galt als Lehrer und Freund des Redners…

[English version] [1] C. Gaia Frau des Tarquinius Priscus Frau des Tarquinius Priscus (Fest. p. 276); bei Plin. nat. 8,194 und Paul. Fest. s.v. G.C. p. 85 L. heißt sie Tanaquil (dazu [1]). Ihr Name verbindet sie mit der Göttin Gaia und damit mit Hochzeitsriten. Zur Verbindung mit dem ager Tarquiniorum vgl. Liv. 2,5; Dion. Hal. ant. 5,13,2-4, mit dem Flußgott Tiber [2. 378-83]. Zum Namen Caecilia [2. 382]. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R. Thomsen, King Servius Tullius, 1980, Index s.v. Tanaquil 2 A. Momigliano, Roma Arcaica, 1989, 371-83 (mit allen Quellen). …

[English version] [1] Röm. Cognomen Röm. Cognomen (volksetym. von pisere, “stampfen”, abgeleitet, Plin. nat. 18,10), erblich in der Familie der Calpurnii (Calpurnius [I 8-23; II 12-24]) und von dort auf die Pupii übergegangen (Pupius); in der Kaiserzeit auch in zahlreichen weiteren Familien. Auch Name eines aquitanischen Fürsten, der 55 v.Chr. auf seiten Caesars gefallen ist (Caes. Gall. 4,12,3-6); sein Vater oder Großvater dürfte von L. Calpurnius [I 17] P. ( cos. 112 v.Chr.) den Namen übernommen haben. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Degrassi, FCIR, 262. …

Röm. Cognomen (“goldgelb”, “blond”, wohl nach der Haarfarbe), in republikanischer Zeit bei C. Alfius [I 6] F., der Familie der Decimii, Sp. Larcius F. und L. Lucretius Triticipinus F. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] aus cheruskischem Stammesadel, Vater des Italicus, auch nach 9 n. Chr. auf röm. Seite Bruder des Arminius aus cheruskischem Stammesadel. Sohn des Segimerus, Schwiegersohn des Chattenprinceps Actumerus (Tac. ann. 11,16,1), Vater des Italicus [1. 201f.]. F. stand auch nach 9 n.Chr. auf röm. Seite. Bezeugt sind Ein…

[English version] [1] Zweite Frau Sullas Zweite Frau Sullas (Plut. Sull. 6,20). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] Galla Frau eines Postumus (augusteische Zeit) Frau eines Postumus = ? C. Propertius Postumus, Prop. 3,12,38; mit senatorischen Aelii der augusteischen Zeit verwandt [1; 2]. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [3] Paetina, zweite Frau von Claudius Ae. Paetina. Wohl Tochter von Sex. Aelius Catus; zweite Frau von Claudius, der sich von ihr trennte (Suet. Claud. 26,2). Ihre gemeinsame Tochter war Antonia [5]. Narcissus un…