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Public recital
(1,354 words)
[German version] I. Origins and development The PR of literature (Latin
recitatio), especially of poetry, represented one of the most important media of transient oral literature in the Roman Imperial Period, contributing enormously to a colourful cultural life. PR existed alongside, and in competition with, declamation (Rhetoric, Declamationes) and theatre (Tragedy, Comedy), of which the texts, not always published and sometimes fluid (improvised
e.g. in the artful speeches and the dialogues of the mime), attained in performance the type of publication type peculiar to their genre; a PR, however, represented a merely provisional publication of a work in progress in terms of textual production, performance and reception. Whereas in the Republican Period poetic recitations had remained limited to personal circles (friends capable of criticizing and willing to do so, interested patrons), from the time of Augustus [1], changed socio-cultural…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Praetexta
(372 words)
[German version] Ancient term (particularly Diom. 3, GL 1,489,14 ff.; on the pattern of the termini cf. [2]) designating the historical drama of the Romans in the Republican Period. Like the historical epic, the genre was introduced in Rome by Naevius [I 1]. A more rarely realized type - cf. Naevius'
Lupus (vel Romulus?) - portrayed exemplary figures of early Roman history, while most of the pieces (Naevius'
…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Differentiarum scriptores
(270 words)
[German version] In antiquity the interest in identifying more closely the specific meaning (
proprietas ac differentia; Quint. Inst. 1 pr. 16) of synonyms that are related in their root or different in form but semantically very close (
polliceri/promittere, nullus/nemo, intus/intro, [1. 47]) extends back to Greek philosophy of language (Plato and the Sophists, the Stoa, later Cicero, Nigidius Figulus). In Rome it finds its place in oratory (Cato), rhetoric (Quint. Inst. 9,3,45ff.), jurisprudence and especially among the gramm…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Iuvencus, C. Vettius Aquilinus
(264 words)
[German version] Spanish presbyter of aristocratic origin whose Latin epic
Evangeliorum libri was written under Constantinus [1] probably after 325 (cf. the epilogue 4,802-812 and Jer. Chron. 232 H. re AD 329; Vir. ill. 84,2; Epist. 70,5); a second, likewise hexametric work regarding the
Ordo sacramentorum (Jer. Vir. ill. 84,1) is lost. - The biblical epic to the New Testament, framed by a prologue and an epilogue, describes the story of Christ's life in 4 bks. of Virgilian scope (i.e. an average of about 800 vv.) in the style of a Gospel …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Quintipor Clodius
(43 words)
[German version] Author of palliata from the late Republican era, known only from the polemics of Varro (in Non. p. 168,719 L.). Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) Bibliography Lit.: M. Brožek, De Quintipore Clodio meliori famae restituendo, in: Eos 56, 1966, 115-118.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Porphyrio, Pomponius
(258 words)
[German version] Early 3rd-cent. author of a commentary on Horace for use in schools (in the form of marginal glosses), perhaps from Africa (before Iulius [IV 19] Romanus, cf. Charisius p. 285,10 ff. Barwick); a short biography precedes the text. The function of the work forced P. to dispense with textual variants; the source citations may have been mediated by Helenius Acron's scholarly commentary. P. himself was not very interested in archaisms; instead he emphasized the contemporary distance from obsolete cus…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Iuvenalis, D. Iunius
(929 words)
[German version] Juvenal, the last outstanding satirical poet of Rome, probably from Campanian Aquinum (cf. Juv. Sat. 3,318ff. and ILS 2926 = CIL 10,5382), contemporary of Tacitus; from Sat. 13,16f. and 15,27f., [1] deduces that he was born in AD 67. The silence of his poems concerning autobiographical detail - in contrast to Horatius - and the fictitious nature of the
vitae (no. 1 Jahn), which were not compiled until late antiquity, make any reconstruction of the details of his life circumstances impossible. The statement that I. was active as a reciter…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ianuarius Nepotianus
(134 words)
[German version] Revisor of the collection of exempla by Valerius Maximus for rhetoric instruction, probably from the 4th cent. AD (based on linguistic arguments [1]). While the original organization was maintained, there were stylistic revisions and additions - partially from Cicero (cf. 7,3; 9,24 etc.). A more complete copy of the excerpt, which has survived in the
Codex unicus (
Vaticanus Latinus 1321, s. XIV) only up to Val. Max. 3,2,7, was used still by Landolfus Sagax (
c.1000). Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) Bibliography
1 F. Buecheler, Kleine Schriften 3, 1930, 331-335 (11906…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Lector
(191 words)
[German version] (‘reader’). Especially the letters of Pliny the Younger illustrate the custom of culturally enriching the mealtimes with - next to
comoedi and
lyristae (Plin. Ep. 1,15,2; 9,17,3; 36,4) -
lectores (Nep. Att. 14,1; Gell. NA 3,19,1:
servus assistens mensae eius - sc. Favorini - legere inceptabat ‘a slave, who stood by his - Favorinus' - table, began to read’), and its exceptional use as preparation for excerption, as in the case of Pliny the Older in Plin. Ep. 3,5,11f. (
super hanc - sc. cenam - liber legebatur, adnotabatur ‘a book was read at the table, Pliny took notes’); further (l.c. 3,5,14) during the preparation of the bath, or as a way to bypass insomnia (Suet. Aug. 78,2:
lectoribus aut fabulatoribus arcessitis ‘reader…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Culex
(245 words)
[German version] ‘The Mosquito’, Lat. short epic poem ( Epic), dedicated to Octavian as a Virgilian
pseudepigraphon (v.1) and received as an early work by Virgil since Lucan [1. 157ff.; 6] Suetonius' Life of Virgil; it is, however, more likely to come from the Tiberian period [1. 57ff.; 7]: a mosquito stings a sleeping shepherd and thus saves him from a snake but is killed by him; it recounts the tale to him in a dream from the underworld and receives a proper burial in appreciation. Buc…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Lavinius
(30 words)
[German version] Roman grammarian, probably of the 2nd cent. AD, whose
De verbis sordidis (‘On Vulgar Expressions’) is cited appreciatively by Gell. NA 20,11. Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Saloninus
(73 words)
[German version] [1] Died after AD 90, known from a funerary epigram by Martialis [1] Known from a funerary epigram by Martialis [1] (6,18), who calls him a friend of his friend Terentius Priscus; therefore, the death of S. must have occurred around AD 90, the date of origin of the 6th book of epigrams by Martialis. Schmidt, Peter L. (Constance) [German version] [2] see Licinius [II 6] see Licinius [II 6]
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Brill’s New Pauly
Liber glossarum
(354 words)
[German version] Modern term for an alphabetical Latin encyclopaedia from the late 8th cent. covering Linguistic notes to explanations of terms, the most comprehensive and most important educational aid of the Carolingian epoch; prototypes are the MSS Parisinus Lat. 11529/30 and Cambrai 693 (both late 8th cent.; cf. [4]). Concerning the origin of the glossary ( Glossography) in the surroundings of Corby, in Tours, and in the Carolingian court library, and concerning Alcuin as terminus po…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Caesellius Vindex
(143 words)
[German version] Probably somewhat older than Terentius Scaurus and Sulpicius Apollinaris; with his alphabetical lexicalization of linguistic-antiquarian material under linguistic aspects, he produced a work, which in his archaizing tendency was characteristic of the Hadrianic era (
Stromateis sive Commentaria lectionum antiquarum, probably 20 bks.). The material was taken from republican authors up to Virgil and was likely substantially based on Probus. As famous as it was disputed, it also exposed -- according to Gell. NA 2,16,5ff.; 6,2,1ff; 11,15,2ff; 18,11,1ff. -- numerous weak points to attacks by Terence and Sulpicius. Nevertheless, traces …
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Brill’s New Pauly