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[German version] (βασιλικοὶ παῖδες; basilikoì paîdes). Lat. pueri regii, pages of the Macedonian king: boys recruited from aristocracy as hostages and as a ‘nursery for army leaders and officers’ (Curt. 8,6,6).  Alexander [4] kept more than 50 of them. They accompanied and guarded the king, rendered personal services, and were kept under strict discipline (Curt. 8,6,2-6), hence the Greeks often referred to them as slaves. It is not certain whether the older ones fought at the king's side.  Philippus II …

[German version] Indian prince named after his tribe (the Abhisari), who was allied with  Poros. His territory reached from the southern chain of the Karakorum to Kashmir in the east and Hazera (near Rawalpindi) in the west. He supported the resistance to  Alexander [4] in Swat (Arr. Anab. 4,27,7; 30,7), but then sent him presents at Taxila (loc. cit. 5,8,3; in Curt. 8,13,1 false: homage). He was absent from the battle of the Hydaspes ( Hydaspes) even though it was expected that he would support P…

[German version] (Σιβύρτιος; Sibýrtios). Friend of Peucestas [2]. He was installed as satrap of Carmania by Alexander [4] in 325 BC, but was soon redeployed to Gedrosia with Arachosia and Oreitae (Arr. Anab. 6,27,1) and was confirmed in office by Perdiccas [4] and Antipater [1]; after 323, however, only Arachosia is mentioned (Diod. 18,3,3; Arr. FGrH 156 F 9,36). He allied himself to Eumenes [1] (Diod. 19,14,6), but had to flee when the latter accused him of high treason (Diod. 19,23,4; 19,27,4). A…

(Φίλα; Phíla). [German version] [1] One of the wives of Philip [4] II. According to Satyrus in Ath. 13,557c, one of the wives of Philippus [4] II, sister of Derdas [3] and Machatas [1]. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [German version] [2] Wife of Alexander [7] Oldest daughter of Antipater [1] and probably the wife of Alexander [7], born therefore around 355 BC. She later married Balacrus [1] and, in 322 BC, Craterus [1] by whom she had a son Craterus [2]. In 321/320 BC her father married her to Demetrius [2], the father of her children Antig…

[German version] (Φαρνούχης; Pharnoúchēs), a Lycian interpreter (though, as his name shows, from a Persian colonist family), was assigned in 329 BC by Alexander [4]  the Great to a task force under the leadership of three hetaíroi that was to relieve the fortress of Marakanda from siege by Spitamenes. By means of the incompetence of the officers the troops were almost completely annihilated. It is impossible that a P. had three hetaíroi under his command (as Arr. Anab. 4,3,7 reports on the authority of Ptolemaeus and Aristobulus [7]): it is certain that he was, as …

[German version] (Λεόννατος; Leónnatos). L., who was born around 356 BC to the royal house of Lyncestis ( Lyncus), may have been the son of a certain Anteas. In 336 he took part in the prosecution of the murderer of Philippus II. As one of his hetairoi, L. was sent by Alexander [4] the Great with a message of solace to the family of Darius [3] (Arr. Anab. 2,12,5; also Curt.; Diod. Sic.). Appointed to the somatophylakes (‘bodyguards’) (Arr. Anab. 3,5,5), L. took part in the coup against Philotas (Curt. 6,8,17) and attempted to prevent the killing of Cleitus [6]. L. confounded the plan to introduce pr…

[German version] (Μυλλέας; Mylléas). Son of  Zoilus from Beroea [1]. In 326 BC he was one of the trierarchs of  Alexander  [4] the Great's Indus fleet (Arr. Ind. 18,6). M.'s son Alexander was granted citizenship in Athens  (IG II/III2 710). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

[German version] (Δρωπίδης; Drōpídēs). From an aristocratic Athenian family (an ancestor with the same name was an archon in 645/4 BC and related to  Solon); according to Curtius 3,13,15, he was one of the three Athenian emissaries to  Darius [3] captured by  Parmenion after the battle of  Issus (in 333). The account in Arrian An. 3,24,4, needs to be corrected in some details where it deviates from Curtius [1. 1, 233f.] but reports credibly that  Alexander [4] had him arrested. His fate is unknown. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography 1 Bosworth, Commentary.

[German version] First Macedonian royal house, emerged into history under  Amyntas [1], ruled the Macedonian coastal plain from Aegae around 510 BC. Amyntas submitted to Darius and was rewarded with territorial expansion and connections to the  Achaemenids. His son  Alexander [2] remained loyal to  Xerxes during the invasion of Greece but established contacts with the Greeks and in the end was on the side of the victors. His claim to be descended from the  Temenidae (Argos) was based on legend and…

[German version] Deditio in potestatem or ─ with a similar meaning ─ deditio in fidem (Pol. 20,9,10-12),was an autonomous state's, nominally, always voluntary surrender of sovereignty to Rome. It was the precondition for the peaceful end of war, and in peace for securing the protection of Rome. After formal acceptance of deditio by the Senate or an appropriately authorized (pro-)magistrate with imperium the surrendered community ceased to exist. Its citizens, gods and possessions became the property of Rome, and Rome could deal with them as it thought fit…

[German version] Impoverished offspring of a king of  Sidon, put in the place of Straton as city-king by  Alexander [4] and outfitted richly. Embellished in Curt. 4,2,15-26 and Diod. Sic. 17,47 as a philosophical novella. He is probably the person for whom the  Alexander Sarcophagus was made. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve II no. 1.

[German version] (Σπιταμένης/ Spitaménēs). Prince in Sogdiana, father of Apama [1] (Arr. Anab. 7,4,6), remained loyal to Bessus after the death of Darius [3] until he despaired of him and in 329 BC, in concert with Dataphernes, handed him over to Alexander [4] (thus Aristobulus [7]; Ptolemaeus [1] wrote himself into the action: Arr.  Anab. 3,30). After Alexander's departure S. triggered a partisan war, supported by Bactrian princes and Sacae tribes, who also give him sanctuary. After a temporary oc…

(Αὐτοφραδάτης; Autophradátēs). [German version] [1] Persian naval commander against Philippus II and Alexander the Great Identical or related to the satrap of Lydia at the time of the Satraps' Revolt. As naval commander under  Memmon and then Pharnabazus against  Philippus II and  Alexander [4], he carried out successful actions in the Aegean and supported  Agis [3] both in terms of money and ships. His fleet was disbanded after the battle of  Issus. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 188. [German version] [2] Satrap of a Caspian province; fought at Gauga…

[German version] (Ἀτροπάτης; Atropátēs). Median ruler and satrap of Darius, fought at  Gaugamela and accompanied him in flight. After Darius' death he joined  Alexander [4] and received his satrapy once again. He took a vanquished Median pretender to the throne to the king in 324 BC. As a reward, his daughter was married to  Perdiccas at the weddings of Susa. He is supposed to have given Alexander 100  Amazons (Arr. Anab. 7,13). Perdiccas assigned him the satrapy of west Media in 323, where he settled himself as ruler. The land (Atropatene, today Azerbaijan) eternalized his name. Badian, E…

[German version] (Κυν(ν)άνη; Kyn(n)ánē). Daughter of  Philippus II and an Illyrian, born around 357 BC. Brought up in a martial way, she is said to have participated in Philip's battles. In 338/7 C. married Amyntas [4] and bore Eurydice [3] with whom she lived in Macedonia after the death of Amyntas. In 322 C. accompanied Eurydice to Asia with an army as a bride for Arridaeus [4]. C. was murdered by Alcetas [4] and given a royal burial by  Cassander. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, no. 456.

[German version] (Μυλλένας; Myllénas). Scribe of Alexander [4] the Great, was to lead lightly armed infantry along by-ways to the summit of the Aornus [2] (Curt. 8,11,5: Mullinus). The enterprise failed. He is probably the Macedonian M., son of Asander, who was accorded the proxenía with privileges in Eretria (IG XII 9, 197). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA)

(Βαγώας; Bagṓas), Greek name for Persian eunuchs (Plin. HN 13,41). [German version] [1] Commander of Artaxerxes Ochus, 338 BC ‘An extremely impudent and sacrilegious man’ (Diod. Sic. 16,47,4) who took part in the renewed conquest of Egypt led by  Artaxerxes Ochus, became commander-in-chief of the Upper Satrapies, then  chiliarchos (‘lord of the realm’ Diod. Sic. 16,50,8). In 338 BC, he poisoned the king, in 336, he poisoned the king's son and successor  Arses, and installed a courtier on the throne, who then adopt…

[German version] (Βαρσαέντης; Barsaéntēs). Under  Darius satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana; commanded the Arachotes and the neighbouring Indians in the battle of Gaugamela. He murdered Darius in mid 330 BC together with  Bessus and  Nabarzanes, then fled to his satrapy and from there to India. When  Alexander [4] reached the Indus, B. was handed over to him and executed. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 205.

[German version] (Λανίκη/ Laníkē; probably a short form of Ἑλλανίκη, Hellaníkē, Curt. 8,1,21). Sister of Cleitus [6], wet-nurse of Alexander [4], who allegedly plaintively called on her after Cleitus' death (Arr. Anab. 4,9,3f.; Curt. 8,2,8f.). L.'s husband is unknown. Two of her sons fell at Miletus, one - Proteas - became famous as a drinking-companion of Alexander (Ath. 4,129a; Ael. VH 12,26). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve, no. 462, cf. no. 664.

(Βάλακρος; Bálakros). Various men with this name served as officers under Alexander [4] the Great. [German version] [1] Satrap of Cilicia, after 333 BC Son of a certain Nicanor, married Phila, daughter of  Antipater [1], who bore him a son. First   somatophýlax , after the battle of Issus, was appointed satrap of Cilicia, where he fought with great success against the mountain tribes, but fell in battle shortly before Alexander's death. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) Bibliography Berve 2, no. 200 Heckel 260. [German version] [2] Commander of the Greek allied infantry from 334/33 BC Son of …