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[German version] Roman Cognomen (‘Mouse’) in the family of the Decii (Decius [I 1-3]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 328.

[German version] [1] Th., Sp. People's tribune in the period after the death of C. Sempronius [I 11] Gracchus in 121 BC and author of an agrarian law (Agrarian laws) which brought to an end the work of the Gracchian commission for distributing the ager publicus . The identification and dating of the author and the precise content of the law are unclear: according to Cicero (Brut. 136, cf. De or. 2,284), T. freed the a ger publicus "from leasehold by means of a damaging and worthless law" or "with a lease by means of a damaging and worthless law". According to Appian (B C…

Name of a Roman patrician clan (also Cloulius, RRC 260, 332 and Cluilius) that was reputed to have moved to Rome (Liv. 1,30,2) after the destruction, by King Tullus Hostilius, of Alba Longa, of which a C.C. had sovereignty (Liv. 1,22,3f.). According to later tradition, the clan was descended from a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 48) and was accorded particular respect in the earliest Republic. The connection between this family and the bearers of this name in the later Republic is unclear. [German version] [1] Commander of the Volscians in 443 BC Commander of the Volscians in 443 BC, def…

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Postumii (Postumius [I 13-15]); tradition has it that it was granted to the first Postumius to bear it for his victory in the battle at Lacus Regillus in 496 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 183.

[German version] Italian family name, in inscriptions also Taddius. There is literary evidence in the Republican period only of P. T., a businessman and the legate of C. Verres in Sicily 73-71 BC (Cic. Verr. 2,2,49; 2,5,63) - perhaps identical with the acquaintance of T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus (Cic. Att. 1,5,6; 1,8,1) - and Q. T., his relative (brother?), who also had business with Verres (Cic. Verr. 2,1,128; 2,1,130; 2,4,31). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘victor over Fidenae’), transmitted for the Sergii and Servilii of the early Republican era (5th/4th cents. BC); the dictator Q.  Servilius Priscus allegedly captured the town of Fidenae in Latium in 435 and subsequently was given the epithet (Liv. 4,45,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 181 F. Münzer, s.v. Servilius, RE II A 2, 1789f.; 1803f. W. Reichmuth, Die lat. Gentilicia, 1956, 55.

[German version] Roman cognomen ('wide-footed'), hereditary in the family of the Munatii (Munatius [I 2-5], [II 6]); fem. form Plancina (Munatia Plancina). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 241.

[German version] Leader of the Lucanians in the Social Wars [3] 90 BC, and one of the twelve praetors of the league (App. B Civ. 1,181). Under the command of Pontius Telesinus, L. fought successfully against P. Licinius [I 15] Crassus (App. B Civ. 1,184; cf. Frontin. Str. 2,4,16). L. continued the fight until 87 in Bruttium, and then allied himself with the Marians. In 82, he and others vainly attempted to free C. Marius (cos. 82), who had been surrounded in Praeneste by L. Cornelius [I 90] Sull…

[German version] Name of one of the leading families of Praeneste until 82 BC, only attested in inscriptions (CIL I2 188-191 et passim). The famous Ficoronian Cista was given by a Dindia Magcolnia (= ‘ ‘wife of M. ’) to her daughter (ILS 8562). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Papirii, probably denoting origins in Mugilla. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 182.

[German version] ‘The one-eyed’ (Enn. Scaen. 67f. V.2 in Varro, Ling. 7,71; Plin. HN 11,150), used as a nickname. Cognomen of  Horatius C. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography A. Hug, s.v. Spitznamen, RE 3A, 1828.

Rare Roman family name. [German version] C., C. Initially the scribe of Scipio Africanus Maior, in 173 BC after a prior, voluntarily withdrawn application he became praetor with Sardinia as his province. After the victory over the Corsicans he triumphed in 172 in monte Albano against the will of the Senate; in 168 he dedicated a temple to Juno Moneta. In 167 a member of the commission for the reorganization of Illyria. (MRR 1,408; 435). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography E. Badian, The scribae of the Roman Republic, in: Klio 71, 1989, 584.

[German version] Cognomen in the family of the Iuventii, Iuventius [I 3 and I 4]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 309.

[German version] Elder sister of L. Sergius Catilina, married to the Roman equestrian Q. Caecilius [I 2], who was allegedly killed by his brother-in-law in 81 (Q. Tullius Cic. commentariolum petitionis 9; cf. {{cf.}} Ascon. 84 C). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] In the Republican period, a cognomen (inscriptionally also Ypsaeus) probably of Greek origin in the family of the  Plautii. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, first denoting adoption from the family of the Mucii. Especially widespread among the family of the Licinii, later also in other gentes. The most prominent bearers were L. Licinius [I 19] Crassus Dives M. ( cos. 131 BC) and C. Licinius [II 14] M. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 259 2 Ders., FCap, 146 3 Kajanto, Cognomina, 18; 32; 158.

[German version] Victor's epithet of Q.   Caecilius Metellus ( cos. 123 BC), which he assumed after his triumph over the Baleares in 121 (InscrIt 13,1,83). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] A. Sabinus (1st cent. BC) Co-heir of Cicero 45 BC (Cic. Att. 13,13,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Art collector Art collector (Hor. Sat. 1,4,28; 109). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] A., C. (2nd half of 3rd cent. BC) from Cales, executed in 206 BC as a mutineer (Liv. 28,24,13; 29,7). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] A., P. Of praetorian rank before 129 BC Of praetorian rank before 129 BC (?), Member of the consilium of the Senate resolution de agro Pergameno (MRR 3,14). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…

[German version] Roman agnomen ('victor over Numantia') of L. Cornelius [I 70] Scipio Aemilianus Africanus; also used as a cognomen indicating origin. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 199.

[German version] Roman cognomen (‘the fool’) of the Iunii. Its most important bearers are: the (fictitious) founder of the Republic, the first consul of 509 BC -- L. Iunius B. -- (for the role of the cognomen cf. Liv. 1,56,8), C. Iunius Brutus (thrice consul, in 317, 313, and 311 BC), D. Iunius B. Callaicus ( cos. in 138), as well as two of Caesar's murderers in 44 BC, namely D. Iunius B. Albinus and M.  Iunius B. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, attested only in the Imperial period  (Clodius [II 15]; Valerius [II 20-21]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Gladiator from Samnium, mentioned by Lucilius and become proverbial (Cic. Opt. Gen. 17; Ad Q. frat. 3,4,2; Tusc. 4,48). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Rare plebeian gentile name with usage recorded from the 2nd cent. BC (ThlL 2,1601f.). [German version] [1] A. Paetus, L. Cos. suff. 33 BC Cos. suff. 33 BC.; probably procos. of Africa 29/28, celebrated a triumph in 28 ex Africa (Inscr. It. 13,1,87). PIR I2 A 1680. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Paetus, P. A friend of Cicero's in his youth and quaestor together with him in 75 BC A friend of Cicero's in his youth and quaestor together with him in 75 BC (Cic. Sull. 18), in Greece between 73-71 as a legate, probably of M. Antonius (praetor 74) (Syll.3 748, l. 16). Became praetor in …

[German version] Cognomen of Etruscan origin in the families of the Cornelii (Cornelius [20] and lulii and of P. Graecinius L. A follower of M. Antonius [I 9] mentioned by Cicero in 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 2,106; Cic. Att. 16,11,3) bearing the name probably came from a family of the urban nobility of Anagnia, the Abbutii Lacones (ILS 6258). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze, 81; 153; 316.

Name of a Roman family originating from Arpinum (epigraphically also Grattidius) from a development of the name Grattius (Schulze 427). [German version] [1] Supporter of C. Marius, first victim of the Civil War In 88 BC, G. was supposed to take over the army of the consul Cornelius [I 90] Sulla on behalf of C. Marius and, therefore, was murdered by his soldiers (first victim of the civil wars; Val. Max. 9,7b,1; Oros. 5,19,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] G., M. Praefectus of M. Antonius [I 7] in the fight against pirates A relative of Cicero, died in 102 BC as the praefectus…

[German version] Roman cognomen in the family of the Cluentii ( Cluentius [2]) and others. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

[German version] Roman cognomen, derived from an unknown place name, occurring only in the Lucretii family in the Republican period (Lucretius [I 7; 9-12]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 210.

(or Quintillianus, rarely Quinctil[l]ianus). Roman cognomen, derived from the praenomen Quintus, widespread in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Professor of and author on rhetoric, late 1st cent. Latin teacher of oratory of the last third of the 1st cent. AD; first professor of rhetoric to receive a public salary at Rome. Dingel, Joachim (Hamburg) [German version] I. Biography M. Fabius Q. was from Calagurris [2] (modern Calahorra) in northern Spain. His father was at least conversant with rhetoric (Quint. Inst. 9,3,73…

Roman cognomen, indicating adoption by the gens Octavia (Octavius), in the Imperial period also a family name. [German version] [1] First Roman emperor (Augustus) In academic literature, the name O. is often used to denote the first Roman emperor, Augustus, in the period between his testamentary adoption by Caesar in 44 BC and his assuming the epithet Augustus in 27 BC. Born C. Octavius, in 44 he first took the name of his adoptive father C. Iulius Caesar, but never used his other epithet O., as it would only have draw…

Relatively rare Roman family name (for derivation: Varro, Rust. 2,1,10). [German version] [1] E., L. Represented himself as son of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus Adventurer of uncertain origins, who in 102 BC represented himself as the son of the people's tribune Ti.  Sempronius Gracchus, killed in 133. He was acknowledged neither by the censor, Q. Caecilius [I 30] Metellus Numidicus, nor by the sister of Gracchus. As a follower of L. Ap(p)uleius [I 11] Saturninus, in 100 he stood for the post of people's tribune for 99, but was himself killed during the unrest that led to the death of Appuleius. E…

[German version] [1] Platonic philosopher, c. AD 176 (Ἀττικος; Áttikos) Platonic philosopher, mentioned in the chronicle of Eusebios in AD 176 [1. 16, 148], teacher of  Harpocration of Argus, author of commentary on Plato's Timaeus [1. 50, 215f.], Phaedon (?) [1. 30, 190f.] and Phaedrus (?) [1. 42, 197]; the fragments 40-42 Des Places, fr. 40-42 Des Places, which could refer to a commentary on the ‘ Categories of Aristotle [1. 248, 258f.], come from the tract ‘against those who pretend to be able to explain the teachings of Plato through those of Aristotle …

Plebian gentile name. [German version] [1] (Ateius ?), C. Senator (middle of the 1st cent. BC) Senator 54 BC (Cic. Att. 4,17,4). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Sp. Roman envoy 438 BC Roman envoy, killed by Fidenates in 438 BC (statue on the rostra, Cic. Phil. 9,4 f.; Livy 4,17,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Briso, M. Tribunus plebis 137 BC Tribune in 137 BC, effective in opposing lex tabellaria of L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Brut. 67). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] Restio (?), C. Tribunus plebis probably 68 BC Tribune …

Plebeian gentile name (Schulze 133; ThlL 2,1674f.). The family played an eminent role since the 2nd Punic War but did not achieve a lasting position in the top ranks of Roman nobility during the Republic. The most important family is that of the Tamp(h)ili. The Baebii produced several officials in imperial times. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] B. (Tamphilus), M. Tribunus plebis 103 BC (?), as tribune of the people, he offered resistance against the lex agraria of L.  Appuleius Saturninus in 103 BC (Vir. ill. 73,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] B. Deleg…

[II] Widespread Roman cognomen (‘Gaul’). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] see Cornelius [II 18] Gallus see  Cornelius [II 18] Gallus Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] P.G. Eques, exiled AD 65 Eques, who was friendly with the praef. praet.  Faenius Rufus and the consular  Antistius [II 12] Vetus and was therefore exiled in AD 65 (PIR2 G 66). In Tacitus the name is rendered as Publius Gallus, but that is out of the question. A nomen gentile is concealed behind Publius, perhaps Publilius? Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, in: Splendidissima civitas.…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen. In the Republican Period, confined to the Caecilii Metelli (Caecilius [I 31-32]); found among numerous other gentes in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 251. [German version] [2] Greek grammarian, 2nd or 3rd cent. AD? Grammarian, tentatively dated to the late 2nd or late 3rd cent. AD, active in Memphis and Sparta (Schol. Hom. Od. δ 356; θ 372), i.a.; author of a commentary (EM 821,55) on Homer, the essentials of which (explanations of voca…

Plebeian family name, attested from the 2nd cent. BC. (Schulze, 144; ThlL, Onom. 137f.). [German version] [1] C. Gallus, L. People's tribune 56 BC People's tribune 56 BC; he sought, without success, the reinstatement of Ptolemy Auletes in Egypt (MRR 2,209). In 56 BC, he was defended by Cicero (Fam. 7,1,4), in 51 BC in Athens frequently in his company, and visited him in Rome in 46 BC. He died in 44 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C. Gallus, L. Consul in 37 BC Son of C. [1], consul of 37 BC with M. Vipsanius  Agrippa (MRR 2,395; PIR 22 C 389). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) …

Roman family name, whose older and inscriptional form is Decumus (Schulze, 159), derived from  Decimus. Historic bearers of the name are documented since the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. BC. [German version] [1] D., C. Legate in Egypt 168 BC Legate in Crete in 171 BC, praetor peregrinus in 169, legate in Egypt in 168. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] D., Num. Leader of allies in the war against Hannibal 217 BC from Bovianum in Samnium; in 217, he brought timely help with a contingent of allies to the magister equitum Q. Minucius who was under heavy pressure from Hannibal …

[German version] [1] Vestalin (1st half 1st cent. BC) Vestal in 69 BC at the latest. (Macrob. Sat. 3.13.11). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Arria Camilla (2nd half 1st cent. AD) Probably the daughter of L. Arruntius [II 8] Camillus Scribonianus; must have lived into the Trajanic era (Raepsaet-Charlier, no. 103; PIR2 A 1152). Eck, Werner (Cologne)

[German version] [1] Q., Roman officer (46 BC) Q., officer (military tribune ?) of Pompey in Spain in 46 BC. (Dio 43,29,3) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Cn. (middle of the 1st cent. BC) Cn., accuser of M.  Saufeius 52 BC (Ascon. 55C). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Nicolet 2, 779-781. [German version] [3] Died 43 BC Proscribed and murdered in 43 BC (App. B Civ. 4,26). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] Died 68 AD Delator of unknown social rank, lynched by the people in Rome after Nero's death (Plut. Galba 8,7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

Roman nomen gentile, in the form Vitellia also a place name, diminutive of Vitulus (thus [1]). The information on the early history of the family in Suet. Vit. 1,1-3 is fictitious. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] The name is first recorded in the late Republican period. Therefore, the Vitellii fratres, who wanted to topple the young Republic with the Aquilii fratres (Aquillius [I 1]) in 509 BC according to annalistic tradition (Liv. 2,4,1-3; Plut. Publicola 3,4), are fictitious; likewise fictitious is the wife of the founder of the Republic L.…

Italian proper name (Schulze, 158, 456; ThlL, Onom. 2, 566f.) attested from 1st cent. BC, so C. [I 1] below is probably unhistorical. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] C., Q. People's tribune 476 BC People's tribune 476 BC. A later tradition that he proposed an agrarian law with his colleague T. Genucius and initiated a process against the consul of 477, T. Menenius, for not helping the Fabii at the Cremera (Liv. 2,52; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 9,27,2) is of doubtful authenticity. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., Q. Rich senator, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC In 74 BC was judg…

Roman family name, documented from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze 136f.; ThlL, Onom. 54f.). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., M. Official, 1st cent. AD In 74 BC, judge in the first trial of A. Cluentius Habitus, judge in the  Verres trial in 70 BC; in 69 BC, curule aedile together with Cicero (Cic. Verr. 1,29; MRR 2,132). Possibly praetor in 66 BC, because he was regarded as a candidate for the consulship of 63 BC (Cic. Att. 1,1,1); probably identical with the C. mentioned by Cicero (Att. 12,11). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial Age [German version] [II 1] L.C. Lucillus Macer R…

Widespread Roman cognomen and family name (‘rush’) [1. 729; 2. 334]. [German version] [1] I., M. Praetor 76 BC Praetor in 76 BC see  Iunius [I 22] I., M. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Walde/Hofmann 1 2 Kajanto, Cognomina. [German version] [2] I. Vergilianus Senator, one of the circle of Messalina and Silius Senator, who was one of the circle of Messalina and Silius and knew of their marriage; executed in AD 48. His name was perhaps Iunius I. Vergilianus, PIR2 J 712. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Name of a Roman gens, documented only since the 2nd cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] N., L. People's tribune in 471 BC Member of the first college of people's tribunes (that of 471 BC) whose members are all known (Calpurnius Piso fr. 23 HRR = Liv. 2,58,1; Diod. Sic. 11,68,8). Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [2] N., P. People's tribune in 449 BC, grandfather or great-uncle of Verginia According to tradition, N. was the grandfather or (great) uncle of Verginia; together with her betrothed, L. Icilius [1], he sought to protect he…

Plebeian gentilicium. [German version] [1] see Albanius A. see  Albanius, C. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] L. (1st half 4th cent BC) A., L., at the invasion of the Gauls in 387 BC brought the Vestals safely to Caere (Liv. 5,40,9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] M. (L. ?) consular tribune 379 BC. A., M. (L. ?) consular tribune 379 BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [4] Paterculus, L., tribune of the people 494 and 493 BC A. Paterculus, L., one of the first tribunes of the people 494 and 493 BC. He is not named in all sou…

Rare Latin family name (cf. [1]) and Latin praenomen (abbreviated Ap., in the Imperial period also App.), whose ancient derivation from Sabinian (Lib. praen. 6) is not undisputed; mainly documented for the patrician families of the Claudii Pulchri, rarer among the Claudii Nerones, etc. First documented name-bearer was Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis (Attus Clausus), the founder of the gens Claudia in Rome about 500 BC (Liv. 2,16,4). Because of its almost exclusive occurrence among the gens Cl…

Roman third name or nickname (‘Moray’) in the Licinii family (Licinius [I 32-35]) which passed by adoption from there to A. Terentius Varro M. and his son of the same name ( cos. 23 BC). It was adopted by more families in the Imperial era. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] People's tribune in 97 AD The tribunus plebis, who in AD 97 made the right of speech possible for Fabricius [II 2] Veiento in a dispute in the Senate (Plin. Ep. 9,13,19); probably he and Q. Roscius Coelius Murena ... Pompeius Falco are one and the same person. PIR2 M 746. It is, however, surprising why Pli…

[German version] [1] Poisoner Roman family name. Name of a preparer of poison in Hor. Sat. 2,1,48, probably not identical with the one named in 2,2,67. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] T., follower of Epicurus (end of 2nd cent. BC) T., follower of Epicurus, became involved in a fight with the praetor Q.  Mucius Scaevola because of his Hellenophilia in 120 BC. A. charged him unsuccessfully in 119 and was mocked for this reason by  Lucilius in the 2nd book of his Satires. Praetor and propraetor in 105-104 (107-106?) in …

Italic family name, most common among the Samnites, also encountered as an Oscan praenomen. The author of the lex Papia Poppaea in AD 9 was P. [II 1]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P. People's tribune c. 80 BC People's tribune, probably before 80 BC and therefore not identical with P. [I 2]; author of a lex Papia, stipulating the supplementation of the number of Vestal virgins by means of election by lot (Gell. NA 1,12,10-12). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] P., C. People's tribune in 65 BC, author of a lex Papia People's tribune in 65 BC, author of a lex Papia …

Late antique personal name in the Anicii family: Anicius [II 13] Hermogenianus O. ( cos. in AD 395), Q. Clodius Hermogenianus O. [1] ( cos. in 379), the emperor of the year 472, Anicius [II 15] O. and Flavius Anicius O. ( cos. in 526). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Q. Clodius Hermogenianus O. Official, 4th cent. AD Praefectus praetorio Orientis from AD 378 to 379. A Christian from a respected family, presumably from the city of Rome, O. had a brilliant career (CIL VI 1714). After he had been governor of Campania he probably became pr…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen ('shepherd'), occurring only in late Antiquity. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Degrassi, FCIR, 260 2 Kajanto, Cognomina, 323. [German version] [2] Official under Odoacer Sometime between 476 and 490 AD, O. was comes sacrarum largitionum under Odoacer, perhaps from Liguria [2. 183]. He is mentioned in Cassiodorus's Variae. O.'s sons Cyprianus and O. held offices under Theoderic the Great. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 807f. 2 D. Henning, Periclitans res publica, 1999, 109, 183.

Name of a Roman gens, first appearing with O. [1]. Later members of the family are politically insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] O. Gallus, Q. Leader of a Roman embassy in 292 BC that transferred the cult of Asclepius to Rome During an epidemic in Rome in 292 BC, leader of a Roman embassy that transferred the cult of Asclepius from Epidaurus to Rome (MRR 1, 182); in 273, member of the first embassy to the Ptolemaic court in Alexandria [1] (MRR 1, 182; for the background to this embassy see [1. 141-145]). As cos. in 269 (MRR 1, 199), according to Pliny (HN 33…

Plebeian gentile name (extension of Aurunceius, ThlL 2,1532f. [1. 354]); there are records of the family in Rome from the 3rd cent. BC, but they ceased to have any significance during the imperial time. [German version] [1] A., C. Praetor in 209 BC in Sardinina and propraetor in 208 Praetor in 209 BC in Sardinina and propraetor in 208 (MRR 1,285; 291). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A., L. Praetor urbanus in 190 BC Praetor urbanus in 190 BC; amongst those sent to reorganize the situation in Asia Minor in 189 (MRR 1, 356; 363). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Sch…

Roman cognomen, derived in folk etymology from lens, ‘lentil’ (Plin. HN 18,10), actually the diminutive form of lentus, ‘lethargic’ [1. 249] with a friendly-mocking meaning; non-Etruscan origin [as in 2. 313; 3. 783]; occurs only in the family of the Cornelii: Cornelius [I 31-56]; [II 24-33]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Mimographer in the early Imperial Period The mimographus L. should be dated to the early Imperial period; he was the author of the lost mime of Catinenses (Tert. De pallio 4,1). Tert. Apol. 15,1 puts L. and the mimographer Hostilius t…

Roman nomen gentile, perhaps of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 287), first recorded in the 1st cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [1] M. V. Flaccus Latin grammarian, Augustan era [German version] I. Life V. was the leading grammarian of the generation after Varro [2], born in Praeneste after 60 BC. Suetonius' biography (Gram. 17) reveals competition with Varro: the freedman ( libertinus) V. stands in opposition to the Roman equestrian ( eques Romanus), the grammarian to the philosopher and poet ( philosophus et poeta), the politician and soldier. V. became famous through h…

Italic proper name, attested with and without doubling of the s (Schulze, 159; ThlL, Onom. 2.667f.). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., L. Praetor 73 BC, fell in battle against Spartacus Praetor (?) in 73 BC, fell in battle against Spartacus (Sall. Hist. 3,94; Plut. Crassus 9,4f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography F. Ryan, The Praetorship of Varinius, Cossinius and Glaber, in: Klio 78, 1996, 376. [German version] [I 2] C., L. Dialogue partner in Varro and Cicero Speaks as dialogue partner in Varro (Rust. 2) on cattle breeding, probably identical to a…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (‘pointed nose’); from the 2nd cent. BC it was hereditary in the family of the Cornelii Scipiones (Cornelius [I 81-85]). The unsuccessful legacy hunter N. (around 30 BC) who was ridiculed by Horace (Hor. Sat. 2,5,57; 65) was not part of the Cornelii family. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 105; 237. [German version] [2] Town in western India (Νασίκα; Nasíka).Town in western India to the east of the river Namades (Narmada) (Ptol. 7,1,6). Probably present-day Nāsik (old Indian Nāsikya…

Cognomen in the family of the Valerii ( Valerius). The best-known bearers are Manius Valerius Maximus M. ( cos. 263 BC), a commander in the Second Punic War, Marcus Valerius M. Rufus ( cos. 53), a follower of Caesar and antiquarian, and Marcus Valerius M. Corvinus ( cos. suff. 31), a supporter of emperor Augustus, who promoted Tibullus and other contemporaneous poets. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Valerius M. Avienus Legatus senatus in c. AD 396/98, praef. praet. for Italia and Africa As a member of an old consular family (Rut. Nam. 1,271f.; Macr. Sat. 1,6,26), he became l…

Roman cognomen perhaps of Etruscan origin [1. 310, 315, 418], in conjunction with catus (‘astute’, ‘crafty’ [2; 3. 250]. In Republican times widespread in the families of the Hostilii and Valerii, prominent among the Porcii, according to whose model C. is used now and again as a synonym for a conservative Roman; quite rarely also as gentilicium [1. 303].  Porcius Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Porcius C., M. Cato the Elder, 234-149 BC (234-149 BC), ‘Cato the Elder’, ‘Censorius’, energetic politician and founder of Roman prose literature, is the b…

Plebeian surname (ThlL, Onom. 264f.). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Aedile, 210 BC In 210 BC plebeian aedile, in 207 legate of the consul C. Claudius Nero. In 205 envoy to Delphi to deliver the booty resulting from the defeat of Hasdrubal (Liv. 28,45,12). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C. Vestinus, C. Military tribune under Antonius, 1st cent. BC Military tribune under Antonius 43 BC at Mutina, was taken prisoner by Plancus (Cic. Fam. 10,23,5). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] C. see  Caesius [II 4]. Eck, Wer…

[German version] I. Republican period Italic family name (ThlL, Onom. 2, 543); from the 2nd cent. BC its bearers belonged to the Roman equestrian class, and during the imperial period occasionally acceded to the Senate. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 1] C., P. Roman eques from Spoletium, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC Roman knight from Spoletium, and an acquaintance of Cicero; in 74 BC with his brother C.C. unsuccessfully accused L. Aelius Staienus (Cic. Clu. 100), and in 66 and 65 the people's tribune C. Cornelius [I 2], defended by Cicero, for maiestas (Ascon. 59-62C; Ci…

[German version] [1] King of the Istri, defeated cos. A. Manlius Vulso in 178 AD Name (probably Roman nickname ‘the feaster’) of the king of the Istri ( rex E. Enn. Ann. 408 SK.; rex Aepulo Liv. 41,11,1, Apulo Flor. 1,26 [1]). In 178 he defeated consul A.  Manlius Vulso (MRR 1,395), but was ejected again from the captured Roman camp, where the victors were enjoying their supplies ( rex accubans epulari coepit, Liv. 41,2,12; 41,4,7). In 177 he was besieged in Nesactium, and killed himself after the capture of the city (41,11,6; a different account in Flor. 1,26). E. …

[German version] [1] In 88 BC, F. hid the ostracized C. Marius in her house in Minturnae In 88 BC, F. hid the ostracized C. Marius in her house in Minturnae, after he had helped her to win back her dowry in a divorce case in 100 BC against C. Titinius (Val. Max. 8,2,3; Plut. Marius 38,3-9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of Clodius [II 15] Full name perhaps Clodia F. Daughter of the senator and Stoic Clodius [II 15] Thrasea Paetus and of Arria [2]. Wife of Helvidius Priscus, whom she accompanied into exile under Nero and Vespasian. He…

[German version] [1] Greek geographer and historian, Augustan Period (Στράβων/ Strábōn). Greek geographer and historian, Augustan Period. [German version] I. Life Our only source is S.'s own work. The years of his birth and death are not established, but S. describes as 'my time' the period beginning with Pompeius' [I 3] re-organization of Asia Minor (62 BC) [1]; the latest event mentioned by S. is the death of Juba [2] II (probably AD 23/4; 17,3,7 = C 828,32 ff.; 17,3,9 = C 829,28 f.; 17,3,25 = C 840,15 f.; referen…

[German version] [1] King Rex (pl. reges; Indo-Germanic * rḗg̑-s, Old Indo-Aryan rā́j-, Celtic -rīx) in Latin denotes a king; in the Greek world, the Indo-Germanic term probably gave way in the Mycenaean period to the ruler designations anax ( wanax ) and basileús . The Imperial and Byzantine word ῥῆξ ( rhêx) was originally a mere Greek transliteration of the Latin rex and generally refers to tribal kings of foreign peoples. According to the root of the word * h3reg̑- ('to straighten', 'to stretch out'), the job of the rex was to 'rule', i.e. to keep the world 'upright' and perpendic…

[German version] [1] Q., praetor 56 BC Q., 73 BC legate in Greece (Syll.3 748), 65 (?) proquaestor in Macedonia (IvOl 328). As tribune of the people, 59 he opposed the politics of the consul  Caesar together with his colleague Bibulus (Cic. Sest. 113; Vatin. 16; Cass. Dio 38,6,1: schol. Bob. 135, 146St.). After the praetorship of 56 followed the proconsulate in Maedonia (Cic. Fam. 13,40) Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] C. Rufus (1st half of 1st cent. BC) C., Rufus from Fulginae, accuser (?) of L. Varenus c. 80 BC [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Priscus (1st …

(Old Latin Loucios, Greek Λεύκιος/ Leúkios or Λούκιος/ Loúkios, abbreviation L., in the east of the empire also Lu.). Roman praenomen. Etymologically related to lux (‘light’) [4. 823], according to ancient derivation ‘the one born at first daylight’ (Varro, Ling. 5,60; Fest. 106; Liber de praenominibus 5). A late invention is the derivation of L. as ‘descendant of the Etruscan Lucumones’ (Liber de praen. op.cit.) to explain the first name of the Roman king L. Tarquinius Priscus, who was originally called Lucumo. L. i…

Roman cognomen of a branch of the patrician  Cornelii (ThlL, Onom. 356-59). Attested from the 3rd cent. BC onwards; also Cetegus (Cic. Or. 160); Greek Κέθηγος ( Kéthēgos), supposedly because the family refused to wear the tunica (Porph. Hor. Ars P. 50). Also attested in inscriptions as a family name [1. 293]. There is perhaps no connection between the imperial and republican bearers of the name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Rufius Petronius Nicomachus C. Cos. 504 AD Cos. AD 504, patricius from c. 512, mag. officiorum, princeps senatus. During the siege of Rome …

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] C., praef. socium 201 BC C., praef. socium 201 BC (Liv. 31,2,5-9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Balbus, T., Praetor 59 BC, historian Balbus, T., tribunus plebis 63 BC (Vell. Pat. 2,40,4), praetor 59, finally procos. in Asia (MRR 2, 197). After his return he was an unsuccessful candidate for the consulate in 55 (schol. Bob. 156St.), in the Civil War he fought on the side of Pompey ( Pompeius), for whom he had already as tribunus plebis especially applied himself and who therefore had supported him when he ran for con…

Name of a tribe probably of Sabine origin [1]. In public life of the Republican era, name-bearers appeared first in the 1st cent. BC. The name became known especially in the 1st cent. AD through the epic poet M. A.   Lucanus and through the rhetorician L. A.  Seneca and his son by the same name, the philosopher and politician; see also Cornutus I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] Brocchus, C., senator 73 BC Brocchus, C., senator 73 BC (probably aedilicius), under Verres in Sicily ([2] Cic. Verr. 2,3,93 and passim; MRR 2, 115). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 2, 587-…

Name of a Roman gens, frequently recorded in the Republican Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Cn. P. Pollio Senator from Forum Clodii, praetor ad aerarium under Augustus Senator from Forum Clodii in Etruria. Having been a people's tribune he became praetor ad aerarium, an office which was created in 23 BC. He later became proconsul in Gallia Narbonensis, legatus Augusti or comes Augusti in Gallia Comata and afterwards in Aquitania, probably between 16 and 13 BC, when Augustus set up the new provincial organisation there. He died during a trip as legatus to Athens…

Roman family name, whose bearers appear in public life from 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 108f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] C. Brought charges against Agrippina, 1st cent. AD Client of Iunia Silana, exiled after bringing charges against Agrippina in AD 55. He was recalled after her death (Tac. Ann. 13,19,3; 21,2; 22,2; 14,12,4; PIR2 C 343). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Ruso, P. Consul suff. 53 AD Cos. suff. in AD 53 [1. 43; 72]; father of C. [3] and [4]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Ruso, P. Consul suff. 79 AD Cos. suff. in AD 79, procos. A…

Italian family name, connected to Bruttium, Greek Βρύττιος ( Brýttios), varied also as Brittius, Brettius, and similar. Very common in southern Italy ([1]; ThlL 2,2214). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic [German version] [I 1] B. Sura, Q.  Braetius Eck, Werner (Cologne) II. Imperial Age [German version] [II 1] B. Crispinus, L. Consul ord. 224 AD Son of B. [II 8], cos. ord. AD 224 [1. no. 969]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Barbieri, L'albo senatorio da Settimio Severo a Carino (193-285), 1952. [German version] [II 2] B. Maximus, L. Procos. Cypri in AD 80 procos. Cypri i…

Proper name of Italic origin. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] R., P. Cos. 132 BC Praetor in 135 BC at the latest; as cos. of 132 BC together with P. Popillius [I 8] Laenas, oversaw the sentencing of Ti. Sempronius [I 15] Gracc(h)us' followers (Cic. Lael. 37). R. put an end to the major slave revolt in Sicily and imposed order to the province with the aid of a senatorial commission ( lex Rupilia, Cic. Verr. 2,2, passim; 2,3; 2,125; Val. Max. 6,9,8; Liv. Per. 59 et passim; MRR 1,497 f.). He died soon after, allegedly from grief, after his brother failed to be elected cons…

[German version] [1] Young Roman woman, example of female bravery Young woman who was hostage of the Etruscan king  Porsenna (508 BC). She escaped, swam across the Tiber (or rode across it on horseback) and reached Rome safely with a group of young girls; she had to be returned to the king but, in recognition of her bravery, he released her and a number of the hostages. After the peace treaty the Romans honoured her with a statue on horseback at the Velia on the Sacra Via (Liv. 2,13,6-11; Flor. Epit. 1,4,7). She remained one of the most widespread examples of female bravery (Boccaccio, De claris m…

Roman nomen gentile, attested to from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze, 132; 516). I. Republican period [German version] [1] F., T. Quaestor in 63 BC; in 57 as plebeian tribune he supported the recall of Cicero (Cic. P. Red. Sen. 21; Ad Q. Fr. 1,4,3; Att. 3,23,4). In 52 he was exiled for unknown reasons (Cic. Fam. 5,18). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Syme, RP 2, 594 (Name). [German version] [2] F. Gallus, M. Epicurean the Epicurean, M.  Fabius [I 18] Gallus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1] L. F. Rufinus Cos. suff. AD 113 ; belonged to P…

[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (probably from nervus) meaning ‘strength’. Attested in the families of the Aebutii, Cocceii, Licinii and Silii. Its most famous bearer is emperor M. Cocceius N. [2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Kajanto, Cognominia 105; 247  Walde/Hofmann 2, 165. [German version] [2] Roman emperor AD 96-98 Roman emperor AD 96-98. Born on AD 8 November 30 in Narnia with the name M. Cocceius Nerva; his father was the jurist of same name (Cocceius [5]), his mother Sergia Plautilla. Presumably his fat…

Italian surname (Schulze, 355); according to Roman legend, Rome's war against Alba Longa under King Tullus Hostilius was decided through the fight between the triplet Curiatii brothers of Alba and the triplet Horatii brothers ( Horatius) of Rome, with the former being killed (Liv. 1,24f.; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,16-20). After the destruction of Alba, the family is said to have moved to Rome and to have been included among the Patricians (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The consul recorded in the fasti for 453 BC, member of the 1st collegium of the decemvirs for the d…

Roman plebeian gentile name (also spelled Deidius on coins and inscriptions, Schulze, 438). The name is attested from the 2nd cent. BC. I Republic [German version] [I 1] D., T.(?) People's tribune 143 BC Probably instituted as people's tribune in 143 BC (MRR 1,472) a law to regulate expenditure on banquets, so extending the lex sumptuaria of C.  Fannius Strabo (Macrob. Sat. 3,17,6). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography E. Baltrusch, Regimen morum, 1989, 85f. [German version] [I 2] D., C. Fleet commander for Caesar In 46/5 BC fleet commander for Caesar (Flor. 2,13,75), i…

Roman plebeian nomen gentile, probably not from faber (‘smith’), but from Etruscan hapre like Faberius and others. [1; 2]. Perhaps the family immigrated to Rome [3], in the 3rd cent. BC it became part of the nobility with F. [I 3] but was unable to maintain this status in the 2nd cent. In Rome there was a compitum Fabricium (Fest. 180L) or a vicus Fabrici (ILS 6073) between Caelius and Palatine, perhaps named after the place of residence of F. [I 3] [4], and the pons Fabricius,  F. [I 1]. I. Republican period [German version] [1] F., L. People's tribune 62 BC In 62 BC probably people's trib…

[German version] [1] Lettuce plant Lettuce (θρίδαξ/ thrídax, also θρύ-, θρόδαξ/ thrý-, thródax, θριδακίνη/ thridakínē, Lactuca sativa L.), the lettuce plant known in several varieties (Theophr. Hist. pl. 7,4,5 et passim), whose cultivation and protection against pests, as well as culinary and medical uses, are described by Theophrastus. Thus, according to Theophr. Hist. pl. 7,6,2, its juice is said to help against dropsy and eye sores. Lettuce has been cultivated in Europe, North Africa and Asia for a long time …

Roman family name, probably derived from, and in manuscripts often confused with, Geminus (Schulze 108). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] G. Friend of Pompey Friend of Pompey, on whose orders he murdered M. Iunius Brutus in 77 BC (Plut. Pompeius 2,6; 16,6). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] G. Friend des M. Antonius Friend of the triumvir Marcus Antonius [I 9], who tried in vain to persuade the latter to return to Rome in 32 BC and become reconciled with Octavian (Plut. Antonius 59,1). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial period [German version] [II 1]…

Rare Roman family name, occurring in Latium (Schulze 563). [German version] [1] F., M. Opponent of P. Clodius Pulcher He came from the municipal elite and was a follower of M.  Porcius Cato (Uticensis), whose political and personal intransigence he attempted to imitate, leading to envy and numerous electoral defeats. In 61 BC he attacked P. Clodius [I 4] Pulcher, in 60 he unsuccessfully charged Q. Caecilius [I 32] Metellus Pius Scipio. In the 50s he opposed Caesar, Pompey and Crassus in vain. He became aedile in 5…

Italic nomen gentile. The family was from the ancient local aristocracy of Praeneste (CIL I2 279-290; 1467-1471; 2439) and is attested in Rome itself and as traders on Delos from the end of the 2nd cent. BC onwards (RRC 204). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. Appears in Cicero's letters 67-44 BC as an Epicurean (Cic. Att. 7,2,4) and a friend of Pomponius [I 5] Atticus (Cic. Att. 7,1,1). In 43 the latter rescued S., who had been proscribed because of his wealth  (Nep. Att. 12,3). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] S., M. Leader of Annius [I 14] Milo's followe…

[German version] [1] A., M. Tribunus plebis 401 BC Tribunus plebis 401 BC (MRR 1, 84). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Rufus Supporter of Pompeius supporter of Pompeius (Caes. B Civ. 3,83,2). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] A. Nerva, Q. Cos. suff. in AD 100 cos. suff. in AD 100, probably identical to the governor of Lower Germany in 101/102 (CIL XIII 7697; 7715 f.; FOst 45; PIR2 A 101 [1]). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Eck, 161 f.

Italic personal name, historically attested since the 1st cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 3,70). [German version] [1] Decidius Saxa, L. People's tribune 44 BC born in Spain (according to Cic. Phil. 11,5,12), but probably of Italic descent, he fought against the Pompeians in Spain in 49 BC (Caes. B Civ. 1,66,3) and in 45 probably against Pompeius' sons. Designated people's tribune by Caesar for 44, he joined M. Antonius [I 9] after Caesar's death and became a member of a commission for the distribution of land to veterans (MRR 2…

[German version] [1] Cognomen in the gens Scribonia Cognomen in the gens Scribonia ( Scribonius). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography ThlL, Onom. 2, 757-760 Kajanto, Cognomina 318. [German version] [2] Head of each of the 30 curiae Curio is the name traditionally given to the head of each of the 30 curiae, the old class of the Roman people between the tribus and the gentes. The curiones is assisted in his religious role by a flamen curialis; at the head of the curio was a curio maximus (Liv. 27,8,1; CIL VIII 1174) elected by all the people. We cannot delineate in detail a…

Roman gentilicium. [German version] [1] M., friend of Catullus (1st cent. BC) M., friend of Catullus (Carm. 68 is dedicated to him). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Bala, C., mint master in 92 BC Bala, C., mint master in 92 BC (RRC 336). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Fuscianus, cos. suff. (around 160 AD) Fuscianus, C., praetorian governor of Arabia around AD 160 and cos. suff. (PIR2 A 544) [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] Fuscus, governor (end of 2nd cent. AD) Fuscus, C., son of no. 3, consular governor of Germania Inferior, p…

Rare Roman family name. We know of a C.N. Vala, who as IIIvir monetalis in 41 BC minted aurei and denarii (RRC 514; see under N. [1]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] N. Vala Addressee of Hor. epist. 1, 15 Horace wrote to him around 20 BC (Hor. Epist. 1,15). Possibly identifiable with the C.N. Vala, who in 41 AD is documented as mint master (RRC 1, 522f. No. 514). PIR2 N 243; 244. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C.N.Vala Legate of Q. Varus in Germania Legate of Quinctilius Varus on the latter's last campaign through Germania; N. fled with the cavalry in…

Italic family name (Schulze, 483), attested in Campania from the 3rd cent., in Rome for plebeians from the 2nd cent. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., C. Praetor c. 104 BC Praetor and probably proconsul of Macedonia or Asia around 104 BC (MRR 1,560). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C. (Clovius), C. Mint master 45 BC Mint master in 45 BC (RRC 476) and at the same time Caesar's prefect, probably responsible for land allotments in Gallia Cisalpina (Cic. Fam. 13,7; MRR 2,313); further identification, especially with the C.C. mentioned in the so-called …

[German version] [1] Region in Greece (ἡ Ἀττική; hē Attikḗ). [German version] A. Landscape Easternmost landscape of central Greece, which, as a triangular peninsula, protrudes to the south-east between the Euboean Sea and the Saronic Gulf. A. borders Megara in the west,  Boeotia in the north. More than 40 per cent of the surface of A. (2530 km2) is composed of mountains: in the north Cithaeron (1407 m) is the border to Boeotia, where the Megalo Vuno and Mount Parnes (1413 m) continue eastward, also the Hymettus (1026 m) and Pentelicon (1108 m). Moun…

Plebeian family name, attested in Rome from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze, 138; ThlL, Onom. 81f.). [German version] [1] C., M. Mint master in 117 or 116 BC Mint master in 117 or 116 BC (RRC 284), perhaps later praetor or propraetor (IG VII 18, Z. 14). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] C., M. Praetor in 57 BC Praetor in 57 BC; as such he supported Cicero's return from exile (Cic. P. Red. Sen. 22), and on this occasion probably gave the speech De domo Ciceronis (Quint. Inst. 10,1,23). In 52 BC, he took up the cause of T. Annius [I 14] Milo, the murderer of  Clodius Pulc…

Roman cognomen ('boy dressed in a toga praetexta'). Epithet of L. Papirius [I 23] P. and in the Sulpicii family (Sulpicius); widespread in the Imperial Period. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Vettius Agorius P. Praefectus Urbi AD 265-267 c. AD 320-384. Having started his career as quaestor and praetor, he became corrector Tusciae et Umbriae before 362, as a favourite of Iulianus [11] proconsul Achaiae in 362/4, praefectus urbi in Rome in 365/7, then a praetorian prefect of Illyria, Italia, and Africa; designated a consul in 384; several times …

[I] Historian (c. AD 90-160) [German version] A. Life [I] Alexandrian historian, who was born between AD 90 and 95 in Alexandria, lived there until 120 and then in Rome. The autobiography mentioned in the proemium of his work (pr. 15,62) is not preserved. Sparse biographical information can be found in his work, in a letter by Fronto (1,161-2 van Hout) and in Photius, which places his ἀκμή ( akmḗ; flowering) in the time of Trajan and Hadrian (cod. 57, p.17a,21). In Rome he was active as an attorney and held the rank of a procurator Augusti. Died in Rome in AD 160. Magnino, Domenico (Pavia) …

Italic personal name [1. 184, 359]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Nephew of C. Marius [I 1] Son of the sister of C. Marius [I 1], military tribune in the Cimbrian War in Gaul. When attempting to rape a young soldier, he was stabbed by the latter, but the perpetrator was acquitted by the military tribunal because he had been defending himself (Cic. Mil. 9 with Schol. Bobiensia 114 Stangl; Val. Max. 6,1,12; Plut. Marius 14,4-9). This acquittal was a popular theme in Roman rhetoric instruction (Cic. Inv. 2,124; Quint. Inst. 3,11,14 et passim). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imper…

[German version] [1] Mother-in-law to Ti. Sempronius Gracchus Wife of Ap. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 143 BC) and mother-in-law to Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. Ti. Gracch. 4,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] First wife of Pompey First wife of Pompey, who separated from her at Sulla's behest in 82 BC (Plut. Pomp. 4,9). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [3] Politta Daughter of L.  Antistius [II 12] Vetus (middle of the 1st cent. AD) Daughter of L.  Antistius [II 12] Vetus, and wife of Rubellius Plautus, who was banished to Asia for associ…

Name of a Roman plebeian family (occasionally confused with Laetorius); attained some distinction only in the 2nd cent. BC; insignificant in the Imperial Period. [German version] [1] P. Cestianus, L. Quaestor 43/2 BC Quaestor in 43/42 BC under M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus; issued denarii depicting a pilleus between two daggers, with the legend Eid(ibus) Mar(tiis), thus celebrating the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March of 44 BC (RRC 508). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] P. Cestianus, M. Probably governor of Macedonia in 63/2 Quaestor before 69 BC (Cic. Font…

Uncommon Roman gens name, possibly of Etruscan origin (Schulze, 405). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Rufus, L. Follower and close confidant of Cn. Pompeius [I 3] Magnus, from no later than 49 BC his praefectus [8] fabrum. In 56 BC he was sent to Cicero to stop him resisting Caesar's land distribution in Campania (Cic. Fam. 1,9,10); in 54 he was a courier for Caesar (Cic. Ad Q. fr. 3,1,18). At the outbreak of the civil war in 49 BC he was sent to Picenum to enlist troops for Pompey (Caes. B Civ. 1,15,4). He took over…

Latin name with Etruscan parallels [1] (regarding distribution see ThLL 2,211). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Tribunus plebis 449 BC C., people's tribune in 449 BC after the end of the Decemvirate (Liv. 3,54,13). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] Cn. 3rd cent. BC as a former aedile he was extradited by Rome in 266 with his colleague Q. Fabius because of a physical attack on a delegation from Apollonia, but then was returned by that city (MRR 1,201). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] Q. Tax collector of verres in Sicily One of Verres' ta…

Plebeian family, attested since the 3rd cent. BC (ThlL, Onom. 2,663f.). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., C. Commander in the Social War in Apulia 89 BC Fought successfully in 89 BC in the Social War in Apulia (as praetor or legate?, Liv. Per. 75), proconsul in Illyria from 78-76 (Cic. Clu. 97 etc.); perhaps identical with the C. mentioned in Valerius Maximus(8,1 para. 8). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., C. Praetor 63 BC, record-keeper during the case against the Catilinarians As praetor he was in 63 BC the record-keeper during the Senate d…