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Ital. Gentilname, bezeugt in Setia (demnach oskisch? ILS 6130) und mehreren Handelsstädten. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] (P.) Lepta, Q. Freund Ciceros und sein praefectus fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 v. Chr. Freund Ciceros und sein praefectus [7] fabrum in Cilicia 51-50 v.Chr. (Cic. fam. 3,7,4; 5,20,4 u.ö.). Cic. fam. 9,13,1-3 deutet auf Cales in Campania als seine Heimat, wo ILS 5779 ihn selbst oder einen Sohn bezeugen muß (zur Identität [1. 6]). P. erscheint häufig in Ciceros Briefen (u.a. als Adressat von fam. 6,18-19), zuletzt im November 44 (Att. 16,15,3). Fündling…

[English version] [1] Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, verheiratet mit L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. Sie überlebte ihren 48 v. Chr. gefallenen Mann und starb hochgeachtet vor dem August 45; nach dem Vorbild des M. (Terentius?) Varro und eines Ollius widmete Cicero ihr ein Elogium (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr. Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr.; zuerst mit M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus, in zweiter Ehe seit ca. 44 v. Chr. mi…

Griech. Familienname. [English version] [1] 72 v. Chr. Gastgeber des Verres, Bekannter Ciceros L. aus Lilybaion. 72 v.Chr. Bekannter Ciceros, Gastgeber des Verres, der ihm eine Statue abpreßte (Cic. Verr. 2,4,37). Cic. fam. 13,34 ist ein Empfehlungsschreiben für L.s Sohn. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] Gastfreund Ciceros, Pompeianer L. aus Patrai. Gastfreund Ciceros, pflegte 50 v.Chr. dessen erkrankten Sekretär Tiro (Cic. fam. 16,4,1f.). L. war im Bürgerkrieg Pompeianer und warb 46 oder 45 nach Caesars Sieg um dessen Verzeihung (13,19; 24). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) …

(Ἰόβας, Ἰούβας, Ἰόβα). [English version] [1] Numiderkönig, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Geb. ca. 85 v.Chr., gest. 46 v.Chr., König von Numidien, Sohn und Nachfolger von Hiempsal. 63 vertrat I. in Rom numidische Interessen (Cic. leg. agr. 2,59). 62 wurde er zum Feind Caesars, welcher Masintha schützte und I. am Bart zog (Suet. Iul. 71; zu seinem Aussehen [1; 2]). 50 war I. schon König, aber von Rom noch nicht anerkannt [3. 126-128]. C. Scribonius Curio forderte Numidiens Annexion; der Senat verwarf dies, ließ I.s Status …

Ital. Gentilname etr. Herkunft [1. 93; 228]. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] S., L. Senator 63 v. Chr., besorgte Beweise gegen den Catilinarier Manlius [I 1] Senator (aus Etrurien?) 63 v. Chr., der Beweismaterial aus Faesulae gegen den Catilinarier Manlius [I 1] besorgte (Sall. Catil. 30,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] S., L. Consul suffectus 30 v. Chr. Wohl Sohn von S. [I 1], eventuell 39 v. Chr. als Senator belegt (MRR 3,34). Vielleicht als Lohn für seine Dienste gegen den Verschwörer M. Aemilius [I 13] Lepidus (App.…

(Μηνόδωρος). [English version] [1] Legat des C. Calvisius Sabinus, gest. 35 v.Chr. M. (so Appianos; sonst Mena(s), Μηνᾶς), Freigelassener, vorher vielleicht kilikischer Pirat, um 40 v.Chr. Admiral des S. Pompeius im Tyrrhenischen Meer. Als Gegner des Ausgleichs mit den Triumvirn (Plut. Antonius 32,6f.) verteidigte M. Sardinien und Corsica. Als Pompeius ihn auf Betreiben seines Rivalen Menekrates [11] zu entmachten drohte, spielte M. 38 die Inseln dem Octavianus zu (App. civ. 5,78-80,330-337; ein Bezug zu CI…

Rare Italic surname, derived from luscus, ‘one-eyed, squinting’ (early examples: CIL I2 182-184; AE 1992, 586). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., L. Centorio under Sulla Centurion under Sulla, enriched himself during the Proscriptions in 82 BC and was condemned in 64 for triple murder (Ascon. 90 C). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L. Lanuvinus Writer of fabula palliata, rival of Terentius As a writer of palliata , a rival of Terentius (Donat. Andria 7), author of a Phasma (‘The Ghost’; according to Menander) and of a Thesaurus (‘The Treasure’; content in Don…

Name of a Roman gens, prominent from the 1st cent. BC; also attested in Delos. [German version] [1] P., Q. Consul suffectus 43 BC, son of Caesar's sister Julia C. 90-43 BC, son (not grandson as in Suet. Iul. 83,2) of Caesar's sister Iulia [1. 687] and a legate of Caesar in Gaul  58-55 (Caes. Gall. 2,2,1; 2,11,3). As praetor in 48, P. suppressed a revolt by T. Annius [I 14] Milo (Caes. Civ. 3,22). In 46/5, as a legate of Caesar, P. began the Spanish campaign with Q. Fabius [I 22] Maximus (Bell. Hisp. 2,2; Cass. Dio 43,31,1) and triumphed on 13 December 45 illegally ex Hispania (InscrIt 13,1,567; Ca…

Name of a Roman plebeian family which does not appear until the 1st century BC; in fact a nickname ('flat-footed'). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in 114 BC Elected people's tribune for the year 113 BC. Straight after assuming office in December 114, he carried through a law which led to new proceedings for 'fornication' against the Vestals Licinia [4] and Marcia [3] under the chairmanship of C. Cassius [I 17] Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Nat. D. 3,74; Ascon. 45f. C.). MRR 1, 536. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] P., Sex. Praetor in 77 BC, pr…

Roman nomen gentile (in the MSS very frequently Tremellius), attested from the 2nd. cent. BC onwards. The six generations of praetorian ancestors on whom T. [3] prided himself (Varro, Rust. 2,4,2) are quite believable. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Cn. As tribune of the people, he successfully interceded in 168 BC against an extension of the term served by the censors (Liv. 45,15,9) who had passed him over in the lectio senatus . As praetor in 159 BC, he insulted the pontifex maximus who gave him a penalty ( multa ). A people's court confir…

[German version] [1] Nomen gentile The name T. is the Latinized form of an Ancient Etruscan nomen gentile * tarq/χ u-na, from which the Latin name was derived by means of the -i̯o suffix inherited from the indo-European basic form. In Etruscan itself, the name in the form tarq/χ una is not attested; instances of a basic form * tarq/χ-  from the Archaic period are rare (cf. perhaps tarχ umenaia [1. 251, Cl 2.8], tarχ elnas [1. 86, Vs 1.2]). Inherited forms occur in Late Etruscan in the nomina gentilia tarcna/tarχ na ( cf. tarcnai, tar χ nas from the Tomba delle Iscrizioni, Caere, CIE 5907-5974; t…

Common nomen gentile in the late Republic and early Principate; its bearers are generally of little political importance (Schulze, 221; 462). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] R., C. (?) People's tribune, 122 BC As people's tribune in 122 BC, he laid down a law concerning the foundation of the colony of Carthage by C. Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. C. Gracchus 10,2; mentioned as lex Rubria CIL I2 585, ch. 59; perhaps also mentioned in Sherk 16, l. 12). MRR 1,517; 3,182. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] R. Propraetor of Macedonia i…

N. (also Nonnius, Nunnius), Italic nomen gentile derived from the numeral praenomen Nonus (evidence: [3. 229; 424]). Several families are attested since the 1st cent. BC, among which the - probably Picene [1. 925] - Nonii Asprenates stand out. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] N. Asprenas, L. Consul suff. in 36 BC Follower of Caesar during the Civil War, propraetor in Gaul before late 49 BC. (ILS 884; [1. 138-142]), proconsul in Africa in 46 (Bell. Afr. 80,4) and cavalry commander in Spain in 45 (Bell. Hisp. 10,2). In 44 N. was people'…

[German version] [1] V., Ap. Livy (3,54,13) lists V. as peoples' tribune in 449 BC among those who, after the end of the D ecemviri [1], had been voted into this office "more due to the hopes (that had been put into them) than due to their merits". Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [2] V. Annalis, L. As peoples' tribune in 180 BC, he introduced a law about age limits that regulated the competition for offices and thus proved fundamental in the development of the cursus honorum [1]. In this, he had the consent of the Senate, which earned him and his…

Oscan/Italian praenomen (usual abbreviation in Lat. inscriptions Tr.), later also a Roman gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Statius Supposed to have handed his home city of Compsa over to Hannibal [4] in 216 BC (Liv. 23,1,1-3; Zon. 9,2,7). Punic Wars (II) Schmitt, Tassilo (Bielefeld) Bibliography J. von Ungern-Sternberg, Capua im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, 1975, 69. [German version] [2] T. Gallus, M. Roman equestrian, Caesar's prefect or tribune in Gaul, who demanded grain from the Coriosolites (…

Italian family name [1. 185; 469], with an uncertain connection to the Roman tribus Maecia. M. is encountered first among Rome's Latin neighbours (Liv. 10,41,5), from the 2nd cent. BC on, also in inscriptions from Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) and Lucania (ILS 5665). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. Geminus Died in 340 BC in a duel with Torquatus From Tusculum, challenged T. Manlius [I 12] Torquatus to a duel and fell during the Latin War in 340 BC, according to legend (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. Designed the game plan in 55 B…

Rare Roman praenomen , principally used by the patrician families Aemilii, Sergii and Valerii and by the plebeian Acilii, most often in Upper Italy (rarely nomen gentile: ILS 6230 and M. [I 2] below), acronym: a five-stroked M (, , in print M'.). Two alternatives for the name's origin have been proposed since antiquity: derivation from mane ‘in the morning’ (Varro, Ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; Liber de Praenominibus 5: ‘one born in the morning’) or from manus ‘good’ i.e. from the di manes , euphemistically the ‘good gods’ (Zos. 2,3,2). Neither of the two has yet been convincingly argued. Rix, H…

N. (auch Nonnius, Nunnius), vom Numeralpraenomen Nonus abgeleiteter ital. Gentilname (Belege: [3. 229; 424]). Seit dem 1. Jh.v.Chr. sind mehrere Familien bezeugt, unter denen die - wohl picenischen [1. 925] - Nonii Asprenates herausragen. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] N. Asprenas, L. Consul suff. 36 v. Chr. Anhänger Caesars im Bürgerkrieg, Propraetor in Gallien vor E. 49 v.Chr. (ILS 884; [1. 138-142]), Proconsul in Africa 46 (Bell. Afr. 80,4) und Reiterführer in Spanien 45 (Bell. Hisp. 10,2). 44 war N. Volkstribun (App. c…

Ital. Familienname [1. 185; 469], in unklarer Beziehung zur röm. Tribus Maecia. M. begegnet zuerst unter Roms latin. Nachbarn (Liv. 10,41,5), vom 2. Jh. v.Chr. an auch auf Inschriften aus Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) und Lucanien (ILS 5665). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] M. Geminus starb 340 v. Chr. im Zweikampf mit Torquatus Aus Tusculum, forderte nach der Legende T. Manlius [I 12] Imperiosus den Torquatus im Latinerkrieg 340 v.Chr. zum Zweikampf und fiel (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. entwarf den Spielplan für…

Seltenes röm. Praenomen, hauptsächlich von den patrizischen Familien der Aemilii, Sergii und Valerii und von der plebeischen der Acilii verwendet, dazu öfter in Oberitalien (selten Gentilname: ILS 6230 und unten M. [I 2]); Sigle: ein fünfstrichiges M (, , im Druck M'.). Für die Herkunft des Namens werden seit dem Alt. zwei Alternativen vertreten: Ableitung von mane “morgens” (Varro ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; liber de praenominibus 5: “der morgens Geborene”) oder von manus “gut” bzw. von den di manes , euphemistisch die “guten Götter” (Zos. 2,3,2); keine der beiden ist bis…