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Röm. Gentilname, prominent seit dem 1. Jh. v.Chr.; auch auf Delos belegt. [English version] [1] P., Q. Consul suffectus 43 v. Chr., Sohn von Caesars Schwester Iulia Ca. 90-43 v.Chr., Sohn (nicht Enkel wie in Suet. Iul. 83,2) von Caesars Schwester Iulia [1. 687] und Legat Caesars in Gallien 58-55 (Caes. Gall. 2,2,1; 2,11,3). Als Praetor 48 unterdrückte P. die Revolte von T. Annius [I 14] Milo (Caes. civ. 3,22). 46/5 begann P. als Legat Caesars mit Q. Fabius [I 22] Maximus den Feldzug in Spanien (Bell. Hisp. 2,2; Cass. Dio 43,31,1) und triumphierte am 13.12.45 illegal ex Hispania (InscrIt …

Italischer Gentilname, aus Lucius erweitert. Viele Träger sind bekannt [1. 359; 426], darunter seit dem 1. Jh.v.Chr. auch Prominente. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L., Cn. Besuchte M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus 44 v. Chr. mehrfach in Puteoli Besuchte M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus häufig während des Sommers 44 v.Chr. in Puteoli (Cic. Att. 16,5,3); stammte wohl aus einer Aristokratenfamilie in Cumae (CIL X 3685-3690). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] L., L. Senator und Geschäftsmann, evtl. Vertrauter des Pompeius Senator mit Geschäftsinteressen in Italien…

Röm. Gentilname, vom häufigen Ortsnamen Luca. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L., M. Begleiter des Pompeius Strabo vor Asculum 89 v. Chr. Junger Begleiter des Pompeius Strabo vor Asculum 89 v.Chr. (ILLRP 515, Z. 10; Bundesgenossenkriege [3]), vielleicht Sohn des bei Livius (Liv. per. 75) für dasselbe Jahr genannten Legaten Lucanus. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] L., Q. Centurio Caesars, fiel 54 v. Chr. als primus pilus in Aduatuca Centurio Caesars, fiel 54 v.Chr. als primus pilus in Aduatuca (Caes. Gall. 5,35,7). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) II. Kaiserzeit …

Italischer Gentilname, Variante von Pacuvius [1. 476]. [English version] [1] P. Rufus, Q. Legat des M. Antonius 42 v. Chr. Legat des M. Antonius [I 9] 42 v.Chr., deduzierte eine Veteranenkolonie nach Philippi (MRR 2, 366). Verm. stammte P. aus Verulae (vgl. NSA 1922, 253f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] P.P.Scaeva Senator augusteischer Zeit Aus Histonium stammend. Er kam verm. durch Octavian (Augustus) in den Senat. P.' Laufbahn, die in vielen Details geschildert wird und die noch bestehende Flexibilität bei der Vergabe der Ämter in…

(Ἰόβας, Ἰούβας, Ἰόβα). [English version] [1] Numiderkönig, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Geb. ca. 85 v.Chr., gest. 46 v.Chr., König von Numidien, Sohn und Nachfolger von Hiempsal. 63 vertrat I. in Rom numidische Interessen (Cic. leg. agr. 2,59). 62 wurde er zum Feind Caesars, welcher Masintha schützte und I. am Bart zog (Suet. Iul. 71; zu seinem Aussehen [1; 2]). 50 war I. schon König, aber von Rom noch nicht anerkannt [3. 126-128]. C. Scribonius Curio forderte Numidiens Annexion; der Senat verwarf dies, ließ I.s Status …

Ital. Gentilname etr. Herkunft [1. 93; 228]. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] S., L. Senator 63 v. Chr., besorgte Beweise gegen den Catilinarier Manlius [I 1] Senator (aus Etrurien?) 63 v. Chr., der Beweismaterial aus Faesulae gegen den Catilinarier Manlius [I 1] besorgte (Sall. Catil. 30,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] S., L. Consul suffectus 30 v. Chr. Wohl Sohn von S. [I 1], eventuell 39 v. Chr. als Senator belegt (MRR 3,34). Vielleicht als Lohn für seine Dienste gegen den Verschwörer M. Aemilius [I 13] Lepidus (App.…

Common nomen gentile in the late Republic and early Principate; its bearers are generally of little political importance (Schulze, 221; 462). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] R., C. (?) People's tribune, 122 BC As people's tribune in 122 BC, he laid down a law concerning the foundation of the colony of Carthage by C. Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. C. Gracchus 10,2; mentioned as lex Rubria CIL I2 585, ch. 59; perhaps also mentioned in Sherk 16, l. 12). MRR 1,517; 3,182. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] R. Propraetor of Macedonia i…

N. (also Nonnius, Nunnius), Italic nomen gentile derived from the numeral praenomen Nonus (evidence: [3. 229; 424]). Several families are attested since the 1st cent. BC, among which the - probably Picene [1. 925] - Nonii Asprenates stand out. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] N. Asprenas, L. Consul suff. in 36 BC Follower of Caesar during the Civil War, propraetor in Gaul before late 49 BC. (ILS 884; [1. 138-142]), proconsul in Africa in 46 (Bell. Afr. 80,4) and cavalry commander in Spain in 45 (Bell. Hisp. 10,2). In 44 N. was people'…

[German version] [1] V., Ap. Livy (3,54,13) lists V. as peoples' tribune in 449 BC among those who, after the end of the D ecemviri [1], had been voted into this office "more due to the hopes (that had been put into them) than due to their merits". Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [2] V. Annalis, L. As peoples' tribune in 180 BC, he introduced a law about age limits that regulated the competition for offices and thus proved fundamental in the development of the cursus honorum [1]. In this, he had the consent of the Senate, which earned him and his…

Italian family name [1. 185; 469], with an uncertain connection to the Roman tribus Maecia. M. is encountered first among Rome's Latin neighbours (Liv. 10,41,5), from the 2nd cent. BC on, also in inscriptions from Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) and Lucania (ILS 5665). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. Geminus Died in 340 BC in a duel with Torquatus From Tusculum, challenged T. Manlius [I 12] Torquatus to a duel and fell during the Latin War in 340 BC, according to legend (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. Designed the game plan in 55 B…

Rare Roman praenomen , principally used by the patrician families Aemilii, Sergii and Valerii and by the plebeian Acilii, most often in Upper Italy (rarely nomen gentile: ILS 6230 and M. [I 2] below), acronym: a five-stroked M (, , in print M'.). Two alternatives for the name's origin have been proposed since antiquity: derivation from mane ‘in the morning’ (Varro, Ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; Liber de Praenominibus 5: ‘one born in the morning’) or from manus ‘good’ i.e. from the di manes , euphemistically the ‘good gods’ (Zos. 2,3,2). Neither of the two has yet been convincingly argued. Rix, H…

Rare Italic surname, derived from luscus, ‘one-eyed, squinting’ (early examples: CIL I2 182-184; AE 1992, 586). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., L. Centorio under Sulla Centurion under Sulla, enriched himself during the Proscriptions in 82 BC and was condemned in 64 for triple murder (Ascon. 90 C). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L. Lanuvinus Writer of fabula palliata, rival of Terentius As a writer of palliata , a rival of Terentius (Donat. Andria 7), author of a Phasma (‘The Ghost’; according to Menander) and of a Thesaurus (‘The Treasure’; content in Don…

Name of a Roman gens, prominent from the 1st cent. BC; also attested in Delos. [German version] [1] P., Q. Consul suffectus 43 BC, son of Caesar's sister Julia C. 90-43 BC, son (not grandson as in Suet. Iul. 83,2) of Caesar's sister Iulia [1. 687] and a legate of Caesar in Gaul  58-55 (Caes. Gall. 2,2,1; 2,11,3). As praetor in 48, P. suppressed a revolt by T. Annius [I 14] Milo (Caes. Civ. 3,22). In 46/5, as a legate of Caesar, P. began the Spanish campaign with Q. Fabius [I 22] Maximus (Bell. Hisp. 2,2; Cass. Dio 43,31,1) and triumphed on 13 December 45 illegally ex Hispania (InscrIt 13,1,567; Ca…

Name of a Roman plebeian family which does not appear until the 1st century BC; in fact a nickname ('flat-footed'). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] People's tribune in 114 BC Elected people's tribune for the year 113 BC. Straight after assuming office in December 114, he carried through a law which led to new proceedings for 'fornication' against the Vestals Licinia [4] and Marcia [3] under the chairmanship of C. Cassius [I 17] Longinus Ravilla (Cic. Nat. D. 3,74; Ascon. 45f. C.). MRR 1, 536. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] P., Sex. Praetor in 77 BC, pr…

Roman nomen gentile (in the MSS very frequently Tremellius), attested from the 2nd. cent. BC onwards. The six generations of praetorian ancestors on whom T. [3] prided himself (Varro, Rust. 2,4,2) are quite believable. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Cn. As tribune of the people, he successfully interceded in 168 BC against an extension of the term served by the censors (Liv. 45,15,9) who had passed him over in the lectio senatus . As praetor in 159 BC, he insulted the pontifex maximus who gave him a penalty ( multa ). A people's court confir…

[German version] [1] Nomen gentile The name T. is the Latinized form of an Ancient Etruscan nomen gentile * tarq/χ u-na, from which the Latin name was derived by means of the -i̯o suffix inherited from the indo-European basic form. In Etruscan itself, the name in the form tarq/χ una is not attested; instances of a basic form * tarq/χ-  from the Archaic period are rare (cf. perhaps tarχ umenaia [1. 251, Cl 2.8], tarχ elnas [1. 86, Vs 1.2]). Inherited forms occur in Late Etruscan in the nomina gentilia tarcna/tarχ na ( cf. tarcnai, tar χ nas from the Tomba delle Iscrizioni, Caere, CIE 5907-5974; t…

Oscan/Italian praenomen (usual abbreviation in Lat. inscriptions Tr.), later also a Roman gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Statius Supposed to have handed his home city of Compsa over to Hannibal [4] in 216 BC (Liv. 23,1,1-3; Zon. 9,2,7). Punic Wars (II) Schmitt, Tassilo (Bielefeld) Bibliography J. von Ungern-Sternberg, Capua im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, 1975, 69. [German version] [2] T. Gallus, M. Roman equestrian, Caesar's prefect or tribune in Gaul, who demanded grain from the Coriosolites (…

N. (auch Nonnius, Nunnius), vom Numeralpraenomen Nonus abgeleiteter ital. Gentilname (Belege: [3. 229; 424]). Seit dem 1. Jh.v.Chr. sind mehrere Familien bezeugt, unter denen die - wohl picenischen [1. 925] - Nonii Asprenates herausragen. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] N. Asprenas, L. Consul suff. 36 v. Chr. Anhänger Caesars im Bürgerkrieg, Propraetor in Gallien vor E. 49 v.Chr. (ILS 884; [1. 138-142]), Proconsul in Africa 46 (Bell. Afr. 80,4) und Reiterführer in Spanien 45 (Bell. Hisp. 10,2). 44 war N. Volkstribun (App. c…

Ital. Familienname [1. 185; 469], in unklarer Beziehung zur röm. Tribus Maecia. M. begegnet zuerst unter Roms latin. Nachbarn (Liv. 10,41,5), vom 2. Jh. v.Chr. an auch auf Inschriften aus Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) und Lucanien (ILS 5665). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] M. Geminus starb 340 v. Chr. im Zweikampf mit Torquatus Aus Tusculum, forderte nach der Legende T. Manlius [I 12] Imperiosus den Torquatus im Latinerkrieg 340 v.Chr. zum Zweikampf und fiel (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. entwarf den Spielplan für…

In der späten Republik und frühen Kaiserzeit häufiges Gentilnomen; seine Träger sind in der Regel politisch unbedeutend (Schulze, 221; 462). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] R., C. (?) Volkstribun 122 v. Chr. Brachte 122 v. Chr. als tr. pl. ein Gesetz über die Gründung der Kolonie Karthago durch C. Sempronius Gracchus durch (Plut. C. Gracchus 10,2; erwähnt als lex Rubria CIL I2 585, cap. 59; vielleicht auch Sherk 16, Z. 12 genannt). MRR 1,517; 3,182. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] R. Propraetor von Macedonia 67 (…

Name einer röm. plebeiischen Familie, die erst im 1. Jh.v.Chr. hervorgetreten ist; eigentlich Spitzname (“plattfüßig”). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] 114 v. Chr. Volkstribun Für das J. 113 v.Chr. zum Volkstribun gewählt, brachte gleich nach seinem Amtsantritt im Dez. 114 ein Gesetz durch, das ein erneutes Verfahren gegen die Vestalinnen Licinia [4] und Marcia [3] wegen “Unzucht” unter Vorsitz des C. Cassius [I 17] Longinus Ravilla einleitete (Cic. nat. deor. 3,74; Ascon. 45f. C.). MRR 1, 536. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] P., Sex. Pra…

Seltenes röm. Praenomen, hauptsächlich von den patrizischen Familien der Aemilii, Sergii und Valerii und von der plebeischen der Acilii verwendet, dazu öfter in Oberitalien (selten Gentilname: ILS 6230 und unten M. [I 2]); Sigle: ein fünfstrichiges M (, , im Druck M'.). Für die Herkunft des Namens werden seit dem Alt. zwei Alternativen vertreten: Ableitung von mane “morgens” (Varro ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; liber de praenominibus 5: “der morgens Geborene”) oder von manus “gut” bzw. von den di manes , euphemistisch die “guten Götter” (Zos. 2,3,2); keine der beiden ist bis…

Seltener ital. Familienname, von luscus, “einäugig, schielend” abgeleitet (frühe Beispiele: CIL I2 182-184; AE 1992, 586). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L., L. Centurio Sullas Centurio Sullas, bereicherte sich während der Proskriptionen 82 v.Chr. und wurde deshalb 64 wegen dreifachen Mordes verurteilt (Ascon. 90 C). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] L. Lanuvinus Palliaten-Dichter, Konkurrent des Terentius Als Palliaten-Dichter älterer Konkurrent des Terentius (Don. Andria 7), Verf. eines Phasma (‘Das Gespenst; nach Menander) und eines Thes…

Röm. Familienname (auch Offellius, Offillius u.ä.), wohl vom oskischen Praenomen Of(f)ellus, das auch als Cognomen erscheint (ein Grundbesitzer in Venusia: Hor. sat. 2,2,2f.; 53f.; 112ff.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] O. Tribunus militum 36 v. Chr. Tribunus militum 36 v.Chr., verspottete von Octavianus (Augustus) verteilte Belohnungen als zu billig und verschwand daraufhin laut Appian spurlos (App. civ. 5,532f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] O., A. röm. Jurist Jurist, s. Ofilius Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [3] M. Ulpius O. T…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, documented with certainty only from the 1st cent. BC on (T. [I 2] might be unhistorical). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] T., C. Son of an ill-reputed (Cic. Phil. 13,23; the same as in Hor. Sat. 1,4,114?) Roman equestrian. In 58 BC [1], T. worked as quaestor urbanus against P. Clodius' [I 4] switch to the plebs . As tribune of the people in 55, he introduced laws that gave M. Licinius [I 11] Crassus and Cn. Pompeius [I 3] provincial terms of five years and exte…

Roman family name derived from the praenomen Tullus; oldest traditional bearer of the name is the sixth king of Rome, Servius T. [I 4]; until the time of Cicero and his family, other bearers are only rarely recorded. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] T., Attius As 'by far the first man of the Volsci at the time' (Liv. 2,35,7), tradition connected him with the story of Coriolanus, in which T. supported the latter in his plans out of an old hate for the Romans (Liv. 2,37,1-8; 2,38,1-5; 2,39,1; 2,40,12). Hi…

Roman nomen gentile, attested from the 1st cent. BC evident mainly in Gallia Cisalpina (frequently confused with Verginius in MSS). The spelling Virgilius for the name of the poet Vergilius [4] is only documented from the 5th cent. AD onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] V. (less frequently: Verginius), C. Legate of Calpurnius [I 19] in Macedonia, 57-55 BC 57-55 BC; legate of Calpurnius [I 19] in Macedonia; depicted by Cicero (Prov. cons. 7) as an example of integrity in contrast with Piso. Perhaps (as in MRR 2,205) identical with V. [2]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) …

Name of a Roman plebeian family. Bearers of the name, recorded from the 3rd cent. BC, not of urban Roman origin, emerged as business people from the 2nd cent. (ILLRP 723b; 747; 1025) and received Roman citizenship perhaps only after the Social War [3]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., L. Proscribed in 82 BC Read his name on one of Sulla's lists of proscribed persons in 82 BC and was thereupon immediately killed on leaving the Forum (Oros. 5,21,4f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L., L. Pompey's legate against the pirates in 67 BC Pompey'…

Oscan praenomen and Oscan/Lat. gentilic. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] Pontius, Gavius Samnite general, delivered Rome its defeat 321 BC at Caudium Samnite general who in 321 BC famously defeated the Romans at Caudium and sent them 'under the yoke' (Liv. 9,2,6-6,4). The fact that the Samnite leader in the Social War (Social Wars [3]), P. [I 4], had the same name is no proof that P.' name entered the tradition only later. The annalistic tradition (in Liv. 9, 15,8), however, of P.'…

Originally an Oscan nomen gentile. The family belonged to the urban nobility of Benventum; the sources show it gaining kinship with one of the leading Roman noble families through the marriage, probably c. 300 BC, of one of its daughters, Otacilia, to a relative of the gens Fabia (Fabius) (Liber de praenominibus 6; Fest. 174 L). This no doubt contributed to the rapid rise of family members O. [I 2] and O. [I 3] to the consulship. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] O. Crassus Prefect of Pompeius at Lissus, 48 BC Prefect of Cn. Pompeius at Lissus in 4…

Roman gens name from Etruria, whose bearers first appear in the 1st cent. BC. With V. [II 2] Saturninus the family was ennobled under the emperor Augustus and in the 1st cent. AD was able to amass considerable wealth (large burial site on the via Appia: CIL VI 7281-7393). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] Haruspex (Haruspices) in the retinue of C. Verres 73-71 BC, several times appointed recuperator in - according to Cicero (Verr. 2,2,75; 2,3,28; 54; 137) - unfair lawsuits. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., Cn. Travelled with C. Pompt…

Italian nomen gentile, with many bearers in Ameria (CIL XI 4507-16) and Lanuvium (CIL XIV 3225-7). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] R., L. Roman envoy killed in 438 BC by the Fidenati A Roman envoy killed in 438 BC together with his three colleagues by the Fidenati (Fidenae); because of this all three were honoured with statues on the Rostra (Cic. Phil. 9,4; Liv. 4,17,2-6). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] R., Sex. Father and son; the latter was defended by Cicero in 80 BC against the accusation of patricide and embezzlement From Ameria; so…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, documented since the first cent. BC (the name in Liv. 4,54,3 is probably a later invention). Under Augustus the family attained the consulate, but it disappeared at the end of the first cent. AD. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., P. Praetor c. 58 or 52 BC, as propraetor of Bithynia et Pontus 51-50 BC addressee of laudatory letters from Cicero (Cic. Fam. 13,47; 61-65; cf. 7,21). S., who was regarded as an authority on Asia Minor, brought an inheritance lawsuit in 44 BC (Cic. Att. 7,1,8). His son is probably S. [II 7]. Fündli…

Uncommon Latin praenomen , abbreviation V. The etymology of the name is unknown. Like the identical nomen gentilicium, it derives from the Osco-Umbrian Vībie/o-. Related nomina gentilicia were Vibidius, Vibuleius, Vibulenus. The praenomen and its feminine equivalent Vībia- were loaned into Etruscan as Vipie and Vipia respectively. The nomen gentilicium formed from that, Vipi(e)na, appears in Latinized form as Vibenna . Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Curius Prefect of Caesar, to whom troops of L. Manlius [I 18] Torquatu…

Praenomen of Oscan origin, particularly widespread in Upper Italy (cf. S. Gellius [3], S. Abbius Oppianicus); later also occurring as nomen gentile with many variants [1. 37, 237, 469]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A Samnite, in 90 BC a leader of the Itali in the Social Wars [3], later (81?) on the Roman side. Proscribed at the age of 80 in 43 BC, he distributed his property and burned himself to death in his empty house (App. B Civ. 4,102). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] A slave and close friend of Cicero's brother Quintus, from 61 to 59 BC Quintus' pro…

Roman family name (also Offellius, Offillius etc.), probably from the Oscan praenomen Of(f)ellus, which also appears as a cognomen (a landowner in Venusia: Hor. Sat. 2,2,2f.; 53f.; 112ff.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] O. Tribunus militum, 36 BC Tribunus militum in 36 BC, mocked rewards handed out by Octavian (Augustus) as paltry, whereupon according to Appian he vanished without trace (App. B Civ. 5,532f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] O., A. Roman jurist Jurist, see Ofilius Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2a] O. Ferus, C. Campanian …

Latin nomen gentile. [German version] [1] R., C. Took part in the murder of the tribune of the people Appuleius [I 11] in 100 BC, accused of this crime in 63 and defended by Cicero Wealthy Roman equestrian with estates in Apulia and Campania. In 100 BC, he took part in the murder of the tribune of the people L. Appuleius [I 11] Saturninus, for which he was probably later rewarded with a seat in the Senate; in 89, he was on the staff of Cn. Pompeius [I 8] Strabo (ILLRP 515). Attacked on numerous occasions by the populares as a supporter of the Senate, in 63 he was accused of the murder of A…

Roman nomen gentile, also confused with Sestius . According to tradition, the family achieved prominence in the 4th cent. BC with S. [I 6] who obtained access to the consulate for plebeians. The family was unimportant under the Republic, with the exception of S. [1 3]; the branch which was best known into the 3rd cent. AD originated with Caesar's follower S. [I 2], but it made spurious claims to be descended from the first plebeian consul S. [I 6] (hence the epithets Africanus and Laterensis). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., Q. Founder of t…

Name of a Roman plebeian family (also Petilius), known at Rome from the 2nd cent. BC. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] P., Q. Two people's tribunes of 187 BC was the name of two related (cousins?) people's tribunes of the year 187 BC. They accused (at the instigation of Cato [1]?) L. Cornelius [I 72] Scipio before the Senate of the misappropriation of state funds ( peculatus) during the war against Antiochus [5] III and demanded an explanation. L.'s brother P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio declared the accusations to be absurd, an…

Oscan praenomen, later a widespread nomen gentile; literary refs. at Rome from as early as the 5th cent. BC (O. [I 5]), but historical evidence only from the 2nd cent. The Tusculan Opiter O., who is said to have given his name to the Mons O. at Rome, is an invention (Varro in Fest. 476 L.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] O., C. Author of a law of 215 BC to limit displays of wealth Restricted the opportunities for women to display wealth by his law of 215 BC (Liv. 34,1,1-3 et alibi; MRR 1, 255). In 195, this legislation was repealed despite the res…

Name of a Roman plebeian family, historically attested at Rome from the 3rd cent. BC. The name was a common one, but its bearers were politically insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Legate of L. Licinius [I 26] Lucullus in 69 BC. Distinguished himself in the Armenian war (Plut. Lucullus 25,4-6; App. Mithr. 381-385), but fell into Parthian hands in 68 (Cass. Dio 36,3,2 f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] Praetor before 67 BC, together with his colleague Bellinus, he was kidnapped by pirates (Plut. Pompeius 24,6). Fündling,…

Italian nomen gentile, see also Salustius. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., Cn. Friend and correspondent of Cicero Close friend of Cicero, with whom he demonstrably exchanged letters between 67 and 45 BC (Cic. Att. 11,11,2; Cic. Fam. 14,11). In 58, he accompanied Cicero on the first leg of his journey into exile, in 47, he lent him money, and they were together pardoned by Caesar (Cic. Fam. 14,4,6; Cic. Div. 1,59). S. read the draft of Cicero's De re publica and urged him - in vain - to state his views clearly and unambiguously (Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 3,5,1), a request…

Name einer röm. plebeiischen Familie (auch Petilius), seit dem 2. Jh.v.Chr in Rom bekannt. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P., Q. Zwei Volkstribune des Jahres 187 v. Chr. hießen zwei miteinander verwandte (Vettern?) Volkstribune d.J. 187 v.Chr. Sie bezichtigten (auf Betreiben Catos [1]?) L. Cornelius [I 72] Scipio vor dem Senat der Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder ( peculatus) im Krieg gegen Antiochos [5] III. und verlangten Rechenschaft. L.' Bruder P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio erklärte die Anschuldigungen für…

Ital. Gentilname; s. auch Salustios. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] S., Cn. Freund und Korrespondent Ciceros Enger Freund Ciceros, 67-45 v. Chr. als sein Korrespondent belegt (Cic. Att. 11,11,2; Cic. fam. 14,11). 58 begleitete er Cicero auf dem ersten Stück der Reise ins Exil, 47 lieh er ihm Geld, und beide wurden zusammen von Caesar begnadigt (Cic. fam. 14,4,6; Cic. div. 1,59). S. las den Entwurf von De re publica und drängte - vergeblich - auf kompromißlose Äußerungen Ciceros (ad Q. fr. 3,5,1), ebenso 54 im Prozeß um A. Gabinius [I 2] (ebd. 3,4,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bon…

Osk. Praenomen und osk./lat. Gentilname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Pontius, Gavius Samnitischer Feldherr, brachte den Römern 321 v. Chr. die Niederlage bei Caudium bei Samnitischer Feldherr, der 321 v. Chr. den Römern die berühmte Niederlage bei Caudium beibrachte und sie ‘unter das Joch schickte’ (Liv. 9,2,6-6,4). Daß der samnit. Anführer im Bundesgenossenkrieg [3] (P. [I 4]) ebenfalls diesen Namen trug, ist kein Indiz dafür, daß P.' Name erst später in die Überl. gelangte…

Sehr verbreitetes lat. Cogn., das urspr. die Herkunft anzeigt, etwa bei frühen Claudii (Claudius [I 31-32]); später in vielen röm. Gentes erblich [1. 20, 30-51, 186]. Auch als nomen gentile gebraucht. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Wohl der Consul suffectus 43 v. Chr. Der von Ps.-Verg. (catal. 10) als Emporkömmling und Maultiertreiber verspottete S., dürfte P. Ventidius, cos. suff. 43 v. Chr., sein; er ist zu unterscheiden vom in Cic. fam. 15,20,1 erwähnten Bekannten oder Sklaven des C. Trebonius [1. 393-399]. Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 1. …

Ital. Gentilname mit vielen Trägern in Ameria (CIL XI 4507-4516) und Lanuvium (CIL XIV 3225-3227). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] R., L. Röm. Gesandter, 438 v. Chr. von den Fidenaten getötet Röm. Gesandter, 438 v. Chr. mit seinen drei Kollegen von den Fidenaten (Fidenae) getötet und deswegen mit Statuen auf der Rostra geehrt (Cic. Phil. 9,4; Liv. 4,17,2-6). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] R., Sex. Vater und Sohn; letzteren verteidigte Cicero 80 v. Chr. gegen den Vorwurf des Vatermords und der Unterschlagung Aus Ameria, So…

Name einer röm. plebeischen Familie. Die Namensträger, seit dem 3. Jh.v.Chr. bezeugt, nicht stadtröm. Herkunft, traten seit dem 2. Jh. als Geschäftsleute hervor (ILLRP 723b; 747; 1025) und erhielten vielleicht erst im Bundesgenossenkrieg [3] röm. Bürgerrecht. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L., L. Proskribiert 82 v. Chr. Las 82 v.Chr. seinen Namen auf einer Proskriptionsliste Sullas und wurde gleich darauf beim Verlassen des Forums getötet (Oros. 5,21,4f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] L., L. Legat des Pomp…

Urspr. oskischer Gentilname. Die Familie gehörte zum Stadtadel von Beneventum und gelangte nach der Überl. durch die Heirat einer Tochter Otacilia mit einem Angehörigen der gens Fabia (Fabius) wohl um 300 v.Chr. in verwandtschaftliche Beziehung zu einer der führenden röm. Familien der Nobilität (liber de praenominibus 6; Fest. 174 L). Dies förderte sicherlich auch den raschen Aufstieg der Familienmitglieder O. [I 2] und O. [I 3] zum Consulat. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] O. Crassus Praefekt des Pompeius in Lissos 48 v. Chr. Praefek…

Lat. Gentilname. [English version] [1] R., C. 100 v. Chr. an der Ermordung des Volkstribunen Appuleius [I 11] beteiligt, 63 dieses Verbrechens angeklagt und von Cicero verteidigt Begüterter röm. Ritter mit Grundbesitz in Apulia und Campania. Er beteiligte sich 100 v. Chr. an der Ermordung des tr. pl. L. Appuleius [I 11] Saturninus, weshalb er wohl später mit einem Senatssitz belohnt wurde; 89 war er im Stab des Cn. Pompeius [I 8] Strabo (ILLRP 515). Nachdem er als Anhänger des Senats schon mehrfach von den Popularen angegriffen worden war, w…