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Trade diaspora

(10,787 words)

Author(s): Häberlein, Mark | Freitag, Ulrike | Nagel, Jürgen G. | Lang, Heinrich | Zürn, Martin
1. Introduction 1.1. Structural features and problems of researchThe specialization of ethnic and religious minorities in particular branches of trade, within which they attained a strong and sometimes dominant position amounting to a “trade diaspora” or a “middlemen minority,” is a phenomenon observable since the Middle Ages. Jewish merchants, for instance, already had an important position in trade on the European continent and in the Mediterranean by the High Middle Ages, and the Jewish trade diaspor…
Date: 2022-11-07

Jidda

(2,709 words)

Author(s): Freitag, Ulrike
Jidda is a port city on the Ḥijāzī coast of the Red Sea at 21° 29 N., 39° 11 E. The city lies near the northernmost point reachable by ocean-going sailing vessels from the Indian Ocean at the end of the northeast monsoon season, and this explains the port’s importance as a trade entrepôt (al-Idrīsī, 136; Facey). Most authors, such as al-Bakrī (d. 487/1094) and al-Hamdānī (d. c.333–4/945?), agree that the correct name is “Judda” (“coastline”), while others mention the designation “Jadda” (“grandm…
Date: 2021-07-19

Kaufmannsdiaspora

(12,432 words)

Author(s): Häberlein, Mark | Freitag, Ulrike | Nagel, Jürgen G. | Lang, Heinrich | Zürn, Martin
1. Einleitung 1.1. Strukturmerkmale und ForschungsproblemeDie Spezialisierung ethnischer und religiöser Minderheiten auf bestimmte Handels-Zweige, in denen sie eine starke, mitunter dominante Stellung erlangen (engl. trade diaspora: »K«., bzw. middlemen minority: »Zwischenhändlerminderheit«), ist ein Phänomen, das sich vom MA bis in die Gegenwart beobachten lässt. So hatten jüd. Kaufleute im kontinentaleurop. und mediterranen Handel bereits im hohen MA eine wichtige Stellung inne; jüd. K. gelten häufig als archetypische K. In der Nz. umfasst…
Date: 2021-06-18