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Schule

(2,977 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke | Matthes, Eva
A. Allgemeine TendenzenDie Beschäftigung mit den Sprachen und der Kultur des klassischen Altertums war als Bestandteil einer höheren Bildung im 18. Jahrhundert nur einer kleinen Bevölkerungsgruppe, den sog. »gelehrten« Ständen, vorbehalten und erfolgte entweder mithilfe von Privatinstruktoren oder durch den Besuch einer höheren Schule. Mit dem Begriff der »höheren Schulen« wurden zusammenfassend alle Schulen bezeichnet, die eine »gelehrte« Bildung versprachen und ursprünglich auf das Studium an einer Universität vorbereiteten (Lateinschulen, Gymnasien, Lyzeen etc…
Date: 2020-07-23

Pädagogik

(2,235 words)

Author(s): Matthes, Eva | Antoni, Silke
A. AllgemeinesDer Streit um die richtige, angemessene Rezeption der Antike und der antiken Sprachen (Griechisch; Latein) war eine der zentralen Auseinandersetzungen in der Pädagogik des 18. Jahrhunderts. Es lassen sich hier grob zwei Parteien festmachen: die Aufklärungspädagogen/Philanthropinisten und die (Neu-)Humanisten/Philhellenisten (Neuhumanismus). Beide hatten etwas gemeinsam: die Kritik an der Rolle, die der Antike in den Unterweisungen der Knaben und Jünglinge vor allem an den Lateinschulen (Schule) des 17. Jahrhunderts zugewiesen worden war bzw. j…
Date: 2020-07-23

School

(3,130 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke | Matthes, Eva
A. IntroductionEngagement with the languages and culture of Classical Antiquity, being an element of higher education in the 18th century, was reserved for a small segment of the population—the so-called ‘learned’ classes—and proceeded either with the help of private tutors or through attendance at an institution of secondary education.The term ‘secondary education’ covers all institutions that promised academic training preparatory to (tertiary) studies at university (e.g. Latin schools, Gymnasien, lycées). Along with religious instruction, these schools focuse…
Date: 2021-01-25

Pedagogics

(2,595 words)

Author(s): Matthes, Eva | Antoni, Silke
A. IntroductionThe dispute over the correct, appropriate reception of Antiquity and the ancient languages (Greek; Latin) was one of the key points of conflict in 18th-century pedagogics. Two groups can be distinguished in general: the Enlightenment pedagogues, known as thephilanthropinists, and the Neo-Humanists, known as the Philhellenists (German New Humanism). The two groups had common ground: criticism of the role Antiquity was allotted (or had increasingly taken on) in the teaching of boys and youths, especially at the Latin Schools of the 17th century. The ancient la…
Date: 2021-01-25

Nyctimus

(91 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Νύκτιμος; Nýktimos). One of the 50 sons of Lycaon, either the oldest, who legitimately assumed sovereignty over Arcadia following the death of his father (Paus. 8,3,1; 5), or the youngest, who because of Gaia's intervention was the only one to be spared punishment by Zeus after the sacrilege of Lycaon and his sons (Fairy tale) and became king himself at the time of Deucalion's flood (Apollod. 3,96-99). According to another version N. himself was slaughtered (Lycophr. 481; Clem. Al. Protreptikos 2,36,5; Nonn. Dion. 18,20-24). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

Oeax

(144 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Οἴαξ/ Oiax, Latin Oeax, 'helm'). Son of Nauplius [1] and Clymene [5] (also Philyra or Hesione [2]: Apollod. 2,23), brother of Palamedes and Nausimedon (Apollod. 2,23; 3,15; schol. Eur. Or. 432; Dictys 1,1). Marched with Palamedes to Troy (Philostr. Heroicus 10,10, p. 183 Kayser), where, after the stoning of Palamedes, he etched an account of his brother's fate onto the blades of a rudder and threw them into the sea (schol. Aristoph. Thesm. 771, following Eur. Palamedes); Suda s.v. Π…

Mopsopus

(51 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Μόψοπος/ Mόpsopos, also Μόψοψ/ Mόpsops or Μόψος/ Mόpsos). Presumably Attic king or hero. Name conjectured from Mopsopia, the old name for Attica (Lycophr. 733, 1340; Call. fr. 709; Strab. 9,1,18; 9,5,22; Anth. Pal. 7,614,8; Tib. 1,7,54; Ov. Met. 5,661; 6,423; Ov. Epist. 8,72; Sen. Phaedr. 121; 1276). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

Pandia

(121 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Πανδία/ Pandía, also: Πανδεία/ Pandeía, Πανδείη/ Pandeíē). Daughter of Zeus and Selene (Hom. h. 32,14-16; Hyg. fab. praef. 28; in this sense probably also Phot. s.v. Πάνδια/ Pándia and EM s.v. Πάνδεια/ Pándeia). According to other sources (Orph. fr. 280,8; Maximos, Perì katarchôn 123, 146, 326; schol. Dem. Or. 21,9,39a-d) an epithet (Πάνδια/ Pándia, Πάντια/ Pántia) of Selene (cf. [3. 62]). The Attic festival of the same name can, contrary to the widespread view in (late?) Antiquity (cf. schol.Dem. Or. 21, 9, 39a; Phot. l.c.; EM l.c.)…

Pittheus

(302 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Πιτθεύς/ Pittheús, name probably derived from πειθώ/ peithṓ [1], therefore something like 'good adviser' [3], cf. [2]). P. was perhaps originally an ancient oracular deity, according to the sources the son of Pelops and Hippodamia [1], a brother of Atreus and Thyestes (Eur. Med. 684; Eur. Heracl. 207; Apollod. Epit. 2,10; Schol. Eur. Or. 5; Ov. Met. 8,622f.), father of Aethra (Hom. Il. 3,144; Eur. Heracl. 207f.; Eur. Supp. 4-7; Bacchyl. 17,34; Hyg. Fab. 14,5 and elsewhere) and Henioche …

Thaumas

(89 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Θαύμας/ Thaúmas). Son of Pontus [1] and Gaia (or Tethys: Orph. Fr. 117), brother of Nereus, Phorcys [1], Ceto and Eurybia (Hes. Theog. 237 f.; Apollod. 1,10); with Electra [1] (Ozomene: Hyg. Fab. 14,18) father of the Harpies and Iris [1] (Hes. Theog. 265-267; 780; Verg. Aen. 9,5; Ov. Met 4,480 et passim; on the interpretation of the genealogy see Pl. Tht. 155d; Cic. Nat. D. 3,20,51). T. is also named as the father of the river Hydaspes (Nonn. Dion. 26,358-365) and of Arce (Ptol. Chennos 6,6, p. 39 Chatzis). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

Xanthius

(113 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
(Ξάνθιος/ Xánthios). [German version] [1] Father of Leucippus from the Bellerophontes family Father of Leucippus [3] from the Bellerophontes family. When his daughter's fiancé tells him that she has had a relationship with another man, in an attempt to apprehend the stranger, he - unaware that the culprit is his own son - unintentionally wounds his daughter, before inadvertently being killed by his own son (Parthenius, Narrationes amatoriae 5,1-5 according to Hermesianax). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Boeotian king Boeotian king, killed in a single combat by Me…

Rhexenor

(115 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
(Ῥηξήνωρ/ Rhēxḗnōr). [German version] [1] Brother of Alcinous and father of Arete, Alcinous's wife Son of Nausithous [1], brother of Alcinous [1]. He dies shortly after his wedding, leaving as his only child his daughter Arete [1], the later wife of Alcinous (Hom. Od. 7,63-66; 146; Schol. Hom. Od. 7,56; Eust. ad Hom. Od. 7,63-65). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Father of Chalciope [1], the second wife of Aegeus Father of Chalciope [1], the second wife of Aegeus (Apollod. 3,207; Tzetz. Ad Lycophr. 494; Phanodemus FGrH 325 F 5). Alternatively, Chalcodon (…

Thespiades

(154 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
(Θεσπιάδες/ Thespiádes). [German version] [1] Epithet of the Muses from the town of Thespiae Epithet of the Muses after the town of Thespiae (Thespia) on the Helicon [1] (Varro Ling. 7,20; Ov. Met. 5,310; Fulg. Mythologiae 1,11, p. 7,5-8 Helm). T. statues are mentioned by several artists (Cic. Verr. 2,4,2,4; Plin. HN 34,66; 34,69; 36,33; 36,39). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography 1 P. Müller, s. v. T., LIMC 8.1, 1 (with bibliogr.) [German version] [2] The fifty daughters of Thespis The fifty (according to Hyg. Fab. 162: twelve) daughters of Thespis (or Thespius), the…

Xanthippe

(279 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel) | Döring, Klaus (Bamberg)
(Ξανθίππη; Xanthíppē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Dorus Daughter of Dorus, with Pleuron parent of Agenor [3], Sterope, Stratonice and Laophonte (Apollod. 1,58). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Mythical feeder of her imprisoned father Mycon Woman who fed her father Mycon in prison with her milk (Hyg. Fab. 254; the same motif with different names: Val. Max. 5,4, ext. 1; Plin. HN 7,121; Fest. 228,28-32; Solin. 1,124f.; Nonn. Dion. 26,101-145). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [3] Wife of the philosopher Socrates [2] Wife of the philosopher Socrates [2]; orig…

Molossus

(57 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Μολοσσός/ Molossós). Son of Neoptolemus [1] and Andromache (unnamed in Eur. Andr.). In Pausanias (1,11,1f.) brother of Pielus and Pergamus, stepbrother of Cestrinus. Eponym of the Molossi and forebear of the Molossian dynasty (Eratosth. in schol. Hom. Od. 3,188; cf. Pind. Nem. 7,38-40 and schol. Pind. Nem. 7,56a-b; Serv. Aen. 3,297). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

Noemon

(104 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
(Νοήμων/ Noḗmōn). [German version] [1] Lycian, follower of Sarpedon at Troy Lycian, follower of Sarpedon at Troy, killed by Odysseus (Hom. Il. 5,678; Ov. Met. 13,258). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Pylian, companion of Antilochus at Troy Pylian, companion of Antilochus at Troy (Hom. Il. 23,612). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [3] Ithacian Ithacian, son of Phronius, who upon Athena's request lent a ship to Telemachus for his journey to Pylus (Hom. Od. 2,386f.). When he later needed the ship himself, he asked Antinous [1] about Te…

Odius

(96 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
(Ὀδίος/ Odíos, auch Ὁδίος/ Hodíos). [German version] [1] Herald of the Greeks at Troy Herald of the Greeks at Troy (Hom. Il. 9,170; of the Telamonian Ajax [1]: schol. Hom. Il. 2,96). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Leader of the Halizons at Troy Together with Epistrophus (in Dictys 2,35 both are sons of Minuus) leader before Troy of the Halizons from the Bithynian Alybe (Hom. Il. 2,856f.; Str. 12,3,20ff.; Apollod. Epit. 3,35), fought on the Trojans' side and was killed by Agamemnon (Hom. Il. 5,38-42). On the name: Arr. FGrH 156 F 98. Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

Zelos

(66 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Ζῆλος; Zêlos). Personification of zeal; son of Pallas and Styx. He and his siblings, Nike, Kratos and Bia, are constant companions of Zeus (Hes. Theog. 383-388), and his aides in the fight against the Titans (Apollod. 1,9). He is later equated with Zelotypia ('Jealousy': Orph. Fr. 127; Meleager Anth. Gr. 5,190; Hyg. Fab. praef. 17: Invidia; Hes. Op. 195 f.). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)

Schoeneus

(241 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
(Σχοινεύς/ Schoineús, Latin Schoeneus;  cf. σχοῖνος/ schoînos, 'rush'). [German version] [1] Son of Athamas and Themisto Son of Athamas and Themisto, the daughter of Hypseus; brother of Leucon [1], Erythrius and Ptous/Ptoeus (Herodorus FGrH 31 F 38; Apollod. 1,84; Nonnus, Dion. 9,312-321; Tzetz. Ad Lykophr. 22, some with variant names). Father of both the Boeotian Atalante and the Arcadian one (Hes. fr. 72,9 f.; 75,12-15; 76,9 M.-W.; Apollod. 1,68; 1,112; 3,109; Hyg. Fab. 173; 185; 244; Ov. Met. 10,609; 10,660 et passim) and of Clymenus [6] (Hyg. Fab. 206; 238; 242; 246). …

Setaea

(121 words)

Author(s): Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
[German version] (Σήταια; Sḗtaia). One of the Greeks' Trojan prisoners of war after the capture of Troy. On Mount Sybaris, fearing threatening servitude, she persuades the women captured with her to set fire to the Greek fleet. As punishment she is shackled to a cliff for vultures to feed on (Lycophr. 1075-1082; Tzetz. Ad Lycoph. 921; 1075-1081). The place takes it name, Setaeum, from her (Steph. Byz. s. v. Σηταῖον; EM s. v. Σηταῖον). According to Apollodorus (Epit. 6,15c = Tzetz. Ad Lycoph. 921) t…
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