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[German Version] Symbols of rule (following Schramm) or insignia (Lat. signa; insignia) are objects that denote persons of superior status. In a narrower sense, they are the emblems of the supreme civil and spiritual dignitaries. As a rule, symbols of rule or insignia are worn on the body (regalia): crown, helmet, miter, tiara; sword, lance (Liturgical implements), scepter, globe, ring; clothing ¶ (e.g. coronation mantle, liturgical vestments [Vestments, Liturgical]) and jewelry (e.g. Pectoral cross); the throne marks the point from which dominion is exerc…

[German Version] I. Crown – II. Coronation – III. Coronation Orders I. Crown The c rown (etym.: Gk κορώνη/ korṓnē, curved object, then Latin corona, “wreath,” etc.) is, in the most common sense, a head adornment displaying the dignity of kings and queens, emperors and empresses (for the head covering of ecclesial potentates there is a specific vocabulary: primarily mitre, tiara; rarely: “papal tiara,” or such). Among insignia, the crown has long merited greatest attention f…

Ott, Joachim I. Kunst (RWG) [English version] A. Begriff (RWG) In der Forsch. wurde wiederholt zu Recht registriert, daß der Terminus O. R. unzulässig, weil irreführend ist [11. 3 f.], vollzog sich doch in der ottononischen Kultur ‘eine Wiederbelebung in jedem möglichen Sinne mit Ausnahme der einer geplanten Anstrengung zur Wiederbelebung der Antike’ (9. 53; dt. S. 65). Dennoch blieb der Begriff in Gebrauch, da man dazu überging, “Renaissance” im Wortsinn zu nehmen und als O. R. die Tatsache an sich zu b…

Ott, Claudia (Berlin) I. Art (CT) [German version] A. Term (CT) It has repeatedly and correctly been pointed out by scholars that the designation Ottonian Renaissance (OR) is impermissible because it is misleading [11. 3 f.]. During the Ottonian period, culture experienced 'a revival in every possible sense, with the exception of that of a planned effort at reviving Antiquity' (9. 53; Ger. p. 65), however. The term nonetheless remained in use when 'Renaissance' began to be understood in its literal meanin…