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Name of an Italic gens of Etruscan origin [1. 93; 228]. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Senator in 63 BC, obtained evidence against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] Senator (from Etruria?) in 63 BC, who obtained evidence from Faesulae against the Catilinarian Manlius [I 1] (Sall. Catil. 30,1). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S., L. Consul suffectus, 30 BC Probably a son of S. [I 1], possibly recorded as a senator in 39 BC (MRR 3,34). In 30 he became cos. suff. with Octavian (Augustus: InscrIt 13,1,510), possibly as a reward for his services against…

Name of an Italian gens, a variant of Pacuvius [1. 476]. [German version] [1] Paquuius Rufus, Q. Legate of M. Antonius in 42 BC Legate of M. Antonius [I 9] in 42 BC, he conducted a colony of veterans to Philippi (MRR 2, 366). P. was presumably from Verulae (cf. NSA 1922, 253f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Paquius Paquius Scaeva Senator in the Augustan Period From Histonium. He was presumably brought into the Senate by Octavian (Augustus). P.'s career, which is described in detail and reflects the still extant flexibility in the awarding of off…

(Μηνόδωρος; Mēnódōros). [German version] [1] Legate of C. Calvisius Sabinus, died 35 BC M. (according to Appian, elsewhere Mena(s), Μηνᾶς; Mēnâs), a freedman, previously perhaps a Cilician pirate, in about 40 BC S. Pompeius' admiral in the Tyrrhenian Sea. As an opponent of a settlement with the Triumviri (Plut. Antonius 32,6f.), M. defended Sardinia and Corsica. When Pompey threatened to strip him of his power at the instigation of his rival Menecrates [11], M. delivered the islands into the hands of Octavian in 38…

[German version] [1] Half-sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, 1st cent. BC Born in c. 100 BC, daughter of Q. Servilius [I 13] Caepio and Livia [1], half-sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato. In c. 85, she married M. Iunius [I 9] Brutus (d. in 77) and became the mother of the future murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus. S.'s second husband, the lacklustre D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus with whom she had three daughters probably owed his consulate to her. The intelligent, independent and poised woman who remained close to Caesar even aft…

I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] Legate of Q. Cornificius [3] in Africa vetus, killed in 42 BC in the battle against T. Sextius [I 2] (App. B Civ. 4,228; 236). Perhaps the V. who was proscribed in 43 and fled ( ibid. 4,198). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V., P. Presumed father of V. [I 3]. Scholarship often saw him as an Italic leader in the Social War [3], settled in Asculum, where he was said to have died with the entire local nobility in 89 BC (Oros. 5,18,26; cf. CIL IX 5254: freedman of a P. V.). However, Ventidii…

(Ἰόβας; Ióbas, Ἰούβας; Ioûbas, Ἰόβα; Ióba). [German version] [1] King of Numidia, 1st cent. BC Born in c. 85 BC, died in 46 BC, king of Numidia, son and successor of Hiempsal. In 63 J. represented Numidian interests in Rome (Cic. Leg. agr. 2,59). In 62 he became the enemy of Caesar who protected  Masintha and pulled J.'s beard (Suet. Iul. 71; re his appearance [1; 2]). In 50 J. was already king, but not yet recognized by Rome [3. 126-128]. C.  Scribonius Curio demanded Numidia's annexation; the Senate rejected t…

N. (auch Nonnius, Nunnius), vom Numeralpraenomen Nonus abgeleiteter ital. Gentilname (Belege: [3. 229; 424]). Seit dem 1. Jh.v.Chr. sind mehrere Familien bezeugt, unter denen die - wohl picenischen [1. 925] - Nonii Asprenates herausragen. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] N. Asprenas, L. Consul suff. 36 v. Chr. Anhänger Caesars im Bürgerkrieg, Propraetor in Gallien vor E. 49 v.Chr. (ILS 884; [1. 138-142]), Proconsul in Africa 46 (Bell. Afr. 80,4) und Reiterführer in Spanien 45 (Bell. Hisp. 10,2). 44 war N. Volkstribun (App. c…

Ital. Familienname [1. 185; 469], in unklarer Beziehung zur röm. Tribus Maecia. M. begegnet zuerst unter Roms latin. Nachbarn (Liv. 10,41,5), vom 2. Jh. v.Chr. an auch auf Inschriften aus Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) und Lucanien (ILS 5665). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] M. Geminus starb 340 v. Chr. im Zweikampf mit Torquatus Aus Tusculum, forderte nach der Legende T. Manlius [I 12] Imperiosus den Torquatus im Latinerkrieg 340 v.Chr. zum Zweikampf und fiel (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. entwarf den Spielplan für…

Seltenes röm. Praenomen, hauptsächlich von den patrizischen Familien der Aemilii, Sergii und Valerii und von der plebeischen der Acilii verwendet, dazu öfter in Oberitalien (selten Gentilname: ILS 6230 und unten M. [I 2]); Sigle: ein fünfstrichiges M (, , im Druck M'.). Für die Herkunft des Namens werden seit dem Alt. zwei Alternativen vertreten: Ableitung von mane “morgens” (Varro ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; liber de praenominibus 5: “der morgens Geborene”) oder von manus “gut” bzw. von den di manes , euphemistisch die “guten Götter” (Zos. 2,3,2); keine der beiden ist bis…

Seltener ital. Familienname, von luscus, “einäugig, schielend” abgeleitet (frühe Beispiele: CIL I2 182-184; AE 1992, 586). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] L., L. Centurio Sullas Centurio Sullas, bereicherte sich während der Proskriptionen 82 v.Chr. und wurde deshalb 64 wegen dreifachen Mordes verurteilt (Ascon. 90 C). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] L. Lanuvinus Palliaten-Dichter, Konkurrent des Terentius Als Palliaten-Dichter älterer Konkurrent des Terentius (Don. Andria 7), Verf. eines Phasma (‘Das Gespenst; nach Menander) und eines Thes…

Röm. Familienname (auch Offellius, Offillius u.ä.), wohl vom oskischen Praenomen Of(f)ellus, das auch als Cognomen erscheint (ein Grundbesitzer in Venusia: Hor. sat. 2,2,2f.; 53f.; 112ff.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [1] O. Tribunus militum 36 v. Chr. Tribunus militum 36 v.Chr., verspottete von Octavianus (Augustus) verteilte Belohnungen als zu billig und verschwand daraufhin laut Appian spurlos (App. civ. 5,532f.). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] O., A. röm. Jurist Jurist, s. Ofilius Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [3] M. Ulpius O. T…

In der späten Republik und frühen Kaiserzeit häufiges Gentilnomen; seine Träger sind in der Regel politisch unbedeutend (Schulze, 221; 462). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] R., C. (?) Volkstribun 122 v. Chr. Brachte 122 v. Chr. als tr. pl. ein Gesetz über die Gründung der Kolonie Karthago durch C. Sempronius Gracchus durch (Plut. C. Gracchus 10,2; erwähnt als lex Rubria CIL I2 585, cap. 59; vielleicht auch Sherk 16, Z. 12 genannt). MRR 1,517; 3,182. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] R. Propraetor von Macedonia 67 (…

Name einer röm. plebeiischen Familie, die erst im 1. Jh.v.Chr. hervorgetreten ist; eigentlich Spitzname (“plattfüßig”). I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] 114 v. Chr. Volkstribun Für das J. 113 v.Chr. zum Volkstribun gewählt, brachte gleich nach seinem Amtsantritt im Dez. 114 ein Gesetz durch, das ein erneutes Verfahren gegen die Vestalinnen Licinia [4] und Marcia [3] wegen “Unzucht” unter Vorsitz des C. Cassius [I 17] Longinus Ravilla einleitete (Cic. nat. deor. 3,74; Ascon. 45f. C.). MRR 1, 536. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] P., Sex. Pra…

Oscan/Italian praenomen (usual abbreviation in Lat. inscriptions Tr.), later also a Roman gens name, recorded from the 1st cent. BC onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] T., Statius Supposed to have handed his home city of Compsa over to Hannibal [4] in 216 BC (Liv. 23,1,1-3; Zon. 9,2,7). Punic Wars (II) Schmitt, Tassilo (Bielefeld) Bibliography J. von Ungern-Sternberg, Capua im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, 1975, 69. [German version] [2] T. Gallus, M. Roman equestrian, Caesar's prefect or tribune in Gaul, who demanded grain from the Coriosolites (…

Common nomen gentile in the late Republic and early Principate; its bearers are generally of little political importance (Schulze, 221; 462). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] R., C. (?) People's tribune, 122 BC As people's tribune in 122 BC, he laid down a law concerning the foundation of the colony of Carthage by C. Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. C. Gracchus 10,2; mentioned as lex Rubria CIL I2 585, ch. 59; perhaps also mentioned in Sherk 16, l. 12). MRR 1,517; 3,182. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] R. Propraetor of Macedonia i…

N. (also Nonnius, Nunnius), Italic nomen gentile derived from the numeral praenomen Nonus (evidence: [3. 229; 424]). Several families are attested since the 1st cent. BC, among which the - probably Picene [1. 925] - Nonii Asprenates stand out. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] N. Asprenas, L. Consul suff. in 36 BC Follower of Caesar during the Civil War, propraetor in Gaul before late 49 BC. (ILS 884; [1. 138-142]), proconsul in Africa in 46 (Bell. Afr. 80,4) and cavalry commander in Spain in 45 (Bell. Hisp. 10,2). In 44 N. was people'…

[German version] [1] V., Ap. Livy (3,54,13) lists V. as peoples' tribune in 449 BC among those who, after the end of the D ecemviri [1], had been voted into this office "more due to the hopes (that had been put into them) than due to their merits". Müller, Christian (Bochum) [German version] [2] V. Annalis, L. As peoples' tribune in 180 BC, he introduced a law about age limits that regulated the competition for offices and thus proved fundamental in the development of the cursus honorum [1]. In this, he had the consent of …

Italian family name [1. 185; 469], with an uncertain connection to the Roman tribus Maecia. M. is encountered first among Rome's Latin neighbours (Liv. 10,41,5), from the 2nd cent. BC on, also in inscriptions from Delos (ILS 9417; SEG 1,334) and Lucania (ILS 5665). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] M. Geminus Died in 340 BC in a duel with Torquatus From Tusculum, challenged T. Manlius [I 12] Torquatus to a duel and fell during the Latin War in 340 BC, according to legend (Liv. 8,7,2-12). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] M. Tarpa, Sp. Designed the game plan in 55 B…

Rare Roman praenomen , principally used by the patrician families Aemilii, Sergii and Valerii and by the plebeian Acilii, most often in Upper Italy (rarely nomen gentile: ILS 6230 and M. [I 2] below), acronym: a five-stroked M (, , in print M'.). Two alternatives for the name's origin have been proposed since antiquity: derivation from mane ‘in the morning’ (Varro, Ling. 6,60; Fest. 135 L.; Liber de Praenominibus 5: ‘one born in the morning’) or from manus ‘good’ i.e. from the di manes , euphemistically the ‘good gods’ (Zos. 2,3,2). Neither of the two has yet been convincingly argued. Rix, Helmut (Freiburg) [German version] [I 1] Verfertigte die Fibula Praenestina aus dem 6. Jh. v. Chr. (Old Latin Manios). Maker or com…

Rare Italic surname, derived from luscus, ‘one-eyed, squinting’ (early examples: CIL I2 182-184; AE 1992, 586). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., L. Centorio under Sulla Centurion under Sulla, enriched himself during the Proscriptions in 82 BC and was condemned in 64 for triple murder (Ascon. 90 C). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] L. Lanuvinus Writer of fabula palliata, rival of Terentius As a writer of palliata , a rival of Terentius (Donat. Andria 7), author of a Phasma (‘The Ghost’; according to Menander) and of a Thesaurus (‘The Treasure’; content in Don…