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Isaiah, Book of
(2,801 words)
1. Overall Structure Ever since B. Duhm’s epochal commentary (1892), scholars have generally divided the Book of Isaiah into three parts: • ¶ Isaiah I, chaps. 1–39, according to the dating in 1:1; 6:1; 36:1, the testament of the prophet Isaiah from the eighth century b.c.; • Isaiah II (Deutero-Isaiah), chaps. 40–55, which the reference to Babylon (43:14; 47) and the election of the Persian king Cyrus (558–29; Isa. 44:28; 45:1) identify as an exilic prophecy; and • Isaiah III (Trito-Isaiah), chaps. 56–66, which the mention of the second temple (§1) and of the rebuilding of Jerusalem (60:7, 10…
Righteousness, Justice
(6,688 words)
1. OT 1.1.
Term The Heb. root
ṣdq is as comprehensive in meaning as the Eng. “right(eous),” Ger.
(ge)recht, Gk.
nomos, or Lat.
ius (Law). It embraces, besides the narrower legal sense of justice, judgment, and standard for what is right (Ger.
Gericht, Rechts-norm), the wider ethicosocial sphere of wholesome and salutary relationships. The masc.
ṣedeq denotes a state of beneficently ordered relationships between people or between people and God; the fem.
ṣĕdāqâ refers to conduct that corresponds to this state or promotes it; the verb
ṣdq describes the related action…
