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[German version] [I] Greek see  Ps.-Callisthenes Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette (Graz) [II] Latin [German version] A. Concept The Latin concept of the Alexander Romance (AR) includes both Latin versions of Pseudo-  Callisthenes as well as writings with similar content that were distributed along with them, which contained mostly descriptions of foreign lands or (based on Cynicism) criticisms of western civilization articulated predominantly by Christian interpreters. Within the history of literature (Alexander…

[German version] A. Problems of definition In view of the usually familial links between women philosophers (WP) and known thinkers, in classical sources what is usually reported is their relationships to the latter (as lovers, concubines, wives and daughters). It is only in the rarest of cases possible to form a balanced judgment of the life and achievements of WP. Feminist theory goes as far as to designate as WP all women whose philosophical ambitions are in any way documented [6.XIII-XV]. Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henri…

[German version] The Christian Faltonia Betitia ( contra, [1]) P. (d. before 380), b. into Roman senator's partly pagan family, wrote a poem, since lost, on the usurpation of Magnentius (351-353). In her Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi ('Virgilian Cento on the Benefactions of Christ'; cf. Cento ) she presents episodes from the OT and NT (Genesis to Christ's death) in the manner of Virgil. Hieronymus [8] (Jer. Ep. 53,7) criticized P.'s poem, concluding that P.'s dogmatic errors and poetic deficiencies stemmed one from the other. The Decretum Gelasianum (Decretum Gelasianum 287…

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[English version] A. Probleme der Definition Aufgrund zumeist familiärer Bande von Ph. zu namhaften Denkern wird in ant. Quellen vorzugsweise über ihr Verhältnis (als Geliebte, Hetäre, Gattin, Tochter) zu diesen berichtet. …

[English version] [I] griechisch s. Ps.-Kallisthenes Harich-Schwarzbauer, Henriette (Graz) [II] lateinisch …

[German Version] I. Concept – II. Philosophy – III. Greco-Roman Antiquity – IV. Bible – V. Church History – VI. Ethics – VII. Practical Theology and Pedagogy – VIII. Judaism – IX. Islam I. Concept Traditionally, “education” has denoted the intentional interaction of adults with the younger generation in order-usually-to influence them positively; whether it makes sense to speak of education when negative goals are deliberately pursued is …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Greco-Roman Antiquity – III. Old Testament – IV. China – V. India – VI. Missiology I. Religious Studies All ancestors that are worshiped are dead, but not all …

[German Version] (314, Antioch – c. 393, Antioch) was the most significant orator and teacher of rhetoric (I) of the late imperial period. Working in Antioch, he had Julian the Apostate as well as famous Christian preachers such as John Chrysostom among his students. Libanius advocated a form of Hellenism in which language, style, and content, including the basic religious outlook, would be inseparably interwoven. Christian education was not to be granted access to the Greek paideia (Education, Theory of: II), and especially not to rhetoric. The conceptual proximity of …

[German Version] I. Greco-Roman – II. Old Testament I. Greco-Roman The word is formed from the Greek αἴτιον/ aition (reason, ground) and λόγος/ lógos (doctrine). Aristotle ( Metaph. 982b–983a) sees the first steps toward a “scientific” explanation of …

[German Version] I. The God Aion – II. Philosophy I. The God Aion Αἰών/Aiōn, the Greek god of eternity in the sense of immeasurable, unbounded return is attested from Hellenism onwards. Aion never had a uniform character; sometimes he a…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Church History – V. Ethics – VI. Judaism – VII. Indian Religions I. Religious Studies 1. Greece and Rome. The term “asceticism,” the Western meaning…

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[German Version] For Greco-Roman antiquity, we need a more extended concept of nature mythology than the understanding that took shape in the 19th century. As the sum of all nature myths (Myth: II, 2), nature mythology covers a broad spectrum of popular narrative from the past that represented the interaction of gods and nature as well as the mutual interaction of various realms of nature (Nature deities). Nature mythology documents the need to explain how nature functions, but also attests to the…

[English Version] . Im Unterschied zu dem im 19.Jh. geprägten Verständnis von N. ist für die griech.-röm. Antike ein erweiterter Begriff von N. anzusetzen. Als Summe von Naturmythen (Mythos/Mythologie: II.,2.) bez. N. ein weites Spektrum po…