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Cluvia Pacula

(43 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Facula bei Val. Max. 5,2,1). Prostituierte aus Capua; sie erhielt auf Senatsbeschluß nach 210 v.Chr. Eigentum und Freiheit zurück, da sie im 2. Punischen Krieg heimlich röm. Gefangene mit Lebensmitteln versorgt hatte (Liv. 26,33,8; 34,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Dellius

(201 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(handschriftlich auch Deillius, Deillios). [English version] Q.D. (Name bei Cass. Dio 49,39,2), von Messalla Corvinus als desultor bellorum civium bezeichnet, da er 43 v.Chr. von P. Cornelius [I 29] Dolabella zu C. Cassius [I 10], im Jahr darauf zu M. Antonius und schließlich kurz vor der Schlacht von Actium mit wichtigen Informationen über die Truppen des Antonius in das Lager Octavians wechselte (Sen. suas. 1,7), bei dem er in hohem Ansehen stand (Sen. clem. 1,10,1; Horaz widmete ihm carm. 2,3). Für Antonius un…

Fundania

(50 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Tochter des Marcius Fundanius, vermutlich zweite Ehefrau des M. Terentius Varro, der ihr im J. 36 v.Chr. de re rustica, B. 1 widmete (rust. 1,1,1; 2, praef. 6 mit Komm. bei [1. ad loc.]. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 D. Flach, Gespräche über die Landwirtschaft, 1996 und 1997.

Bardylis

(98 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Illyr. König in der ersten H. des 4.Jh. v.Chr. Illyr. König in der ersten H. des 4.Jh. v.Chr., Dynastiegründer (Theop. fr. 35; Cic. off. 2,40). Er hatte großen Anteil am Sieg über Perdikkas III. 359 v.Chr.; fiel im Jahr darauf gegen Philipp II. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography P. Cabanes, Les Illyriens de B. à Genthios, 1988  N.G.L. Hammond, The Battle between Philip and B., in: Antichthon 23, 1989, 1-9. [English version] [2] Vielleicht Enkel von B. [1] Vielleicht Enkel von B. [1], Vater der Birkenna, der Frau des Pyrrhos von Epirus. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Lais

(344 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Λαίς). Die “gemeinhin Bekannte” von λαός (“Volk”) [1] oder aus dem Semit., “Löwin”. Beliebter Hetärenname, was die Identifizierung erschwert. [English version] [1] Hetäre aus Korinth Hetäre (Hetairai) aus Korinth. L. wird als schön (Athen. 13,587d), schlagfertig (im Gespräch mit Euripides bei Athen. 13,582cd, der sie Eur. Med. 1346 zitiert), wählerisch und teuer beschrieben; L. sei im Alter zur mittellosen Trinkerin geworden (Athen. 13,570cd). L. starb 392 v.Chr. (schol. Aristoph. Plut. 179, [1. Bd. 1, 491]), auch durch ihren Lebenswandel (so Athen. 13, 587e; Philetairos, Kyn…

Bato

(312 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Dardanischer Fürst um 200 v. Chr. Dardanischer Fürst, der 200 v.Chr. die Römer im Kampf gegen Philipp V. mit Hilfstruppen unterstützte (Liv. 31,28,1-2.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography CAH VIII, 21989, 262  Errington 187. [English version] [2] Aufständischer Dalmatier 6-9 n. Chr. Dalmatier aus dem Stamm der Daesidiaten. Anführer im pannonisch-dalmatischen Aufstand 6-9 n.Chr., dessen Ursachen Cassius Dio (55,29-34; 56,11-26) und Velleius Paterculus (2,110-116) in Steuerlast und Rekrutierungsmaßnahmen sehen. B…

Iunia

(519 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Tochter des D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus und der Servilia Tochter des D. Iunius [I 30] Silanus und der Servilia, der Nichte Catos, Frau des M. Aemilius [I 12] Lepidus (Cic. Phil. 13,8; Vell. 2,88,1). 30 v.Chr. wurde sie angeklagt, vom Anschlag ihres ältesten Sohnes auf Octavian gewußt zu haben, aber freigesprochen (App. civ. 4,50). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] I. Tertia Schwester der I. [1] Halbschwester des M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus (Suet. Iul. 50,2; Cic. Brut. 3,3; auch I. Tertulla genannt: Cic. Att. 14,202; 15,11,1), Schwester der I…

Helenus

(45 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Freigelassener Octavians griech. Herkunft. Er besetzte 40 v.Chr. Sardinien für Octavian, wurde aber dort von Menodoros verdrängt (App. civ. 5,277), gefangen und an Octavian zurückgeschickt (Cass. Dio 48,30,1; 48,45,5). Zu seinen Ehren ILS 6267 (= CIL X 5808). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Pomponia

(265 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Mutter des P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio Africanus Mutter des P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio Africanus, den sie (nach Liv. 26,19,6; Gell. 6,1,1-4) von einer Schlange (= Iuppiter) empfangen haben soll (in Anlehnung an die Geburtsgesch. von Alexandros [4] d.Gr.). Ihr soll er auch von seinem Traum, er werde zusammen mit dem älteren Bruder Lucius das Aedilenamt übernehmen, berichtet haben, was sie sehr bewegte (Pol. 10,4,4-5,7); die Gesch. ist unglaubwürdig und irrig (vgl. [1. 200 f.]). Vielleicht durch ihre Verm…

Magia Polla

(44 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (auch Maia). Mutter des Dichters Vergilius, von niederer Abkunft. Ihr Traum von der Geburt Vergils bei Sueton (Suet. de viris illustribus, Vergilius 1-3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography G. Brugnoli, Phocas, Vita di Vergilio, 1984  Ders. (Hrsg.), Vitae Vergilianae antiquae, 1997.

Eunus

(177 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Εὔνους). Syrer, Anführer der Sklavenrevolten 141-132 v.Chr. auf Sizilien. Er sammelte 400 Sklaven und eroberte Enna, andere Städte schlossen sich an. Durch die gute Vorbedeutung seines Namens (“wohlgesinnt”) und seine Fähigkeit zur Weissagung begünstigt [2. 28-29], wurde er nach dem Erfolg in hell. Manier zum König gewählt, nannte sich Antiochos (Diod. 34,2,24; [3]) und nahm die traditionellen Herrschaftsinsignien an, was aber vielmehr auf den Wunsch nach Einheit als auf eine na…

Gauda

(71 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Sohn des Numiderkönigs Mastanabal, Enkel des Massinissa, Bruder des Iugurtha, erhob trotz geistiger und körperlicher Debilität während des Krieges zwischen Rom und Iugurtha Anspruch auf die Herrschaft. Nach Beendigung des Krieges 105 v.Chr. wurde er mit der Unterstützung des Marius Nachfolger seines Onkels Micipsa und erhielt Ost-Numidien (Sall. Iug. 65,1-4). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography CAH 9 21994, 30 V. Werner, Quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus, 1995, 35.

Postumia

(68 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Letzte Angehörige des Geschlechts der Postumii Albini. Um 94 geb., Frau des Juristen Ser. Sulpicius Rufus ( cos. 51). Kinder waren ein gleichnamiger Sohn und eine Tochter Sulpicia. Cicero erwähnt P. und ihren Sohn (Cic. Att. 5,21,9; vgl. Shackleton Bailey z.St.; Cic. fam. 4,2,1; 4,2,4; Cic. Phil. 9,5.). Suetonius (Suet. Iul. 50,1) nennt P. unter den hochgestellten Frauen, die Caesar verführt habe. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Cossutia

(41 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Tochter eines reichen Ritters, mit der sich Caesar wohl aus finanziellen Gründen verlobte [1. 16], aufgrund seines Priesteramtes aber wieder scheiden ließ [2. 14] (Suet. Iul. 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Walter, Caesar, 1955 2 W. Will, Caesar, 1992.

Gainas

(212 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Terwingischer Gote niederer Abkunft; Arianer. Von Theodosius I. 378 n.Chr. rekrutiert, führte er nach dessen Sieg über Eugenios 394 als comes rei militaris (zur mil. Karriere Sokr. 6,6,2; Soz. 8,4,1) im Auftrag des Stilicho östliche Truppen aus Thessalien dem Arcadius nach Konstantinopel zu. Am Tod des Rufinus 399 war er als Vertrauter Stilichos beteiligt ([1. 107,99], Zos. 5,7,4; Philostorgios 11,3, Iohannes Antiochenus 190 FHG 4,610). 399 zum magister utriusque militiae erhoben, schickte ihn Eutropius nach Phrygien gegen meuternde Greuthungen u…

Cetrius

(49 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] C. Severus C., Tribun der Prätorianer, der sich im Jahr 69 n.Chr. zusammen mit Subrius Dexter und Pompeius Longinus gegen den beginnenden Aufstieg des Otho für Galba einsetzte (Tac. hist. 1,31). Er ist wahrscheinlich der beneficiarius aus ILS 2073. PIR C 703. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Gelimer

(214 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Enkel des Geisericus, letzter Vandalenkönig (530-4 n.Chr.), übernahm 530 nach dem Sturz des Hildericus die Herrschaft (Prok. BV 1,9,8-9; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,3). Seine scharfe Zurückweisung jeden Eingriffs des Iustinianus in innere Angelegenheiten führte zum Krieg (Prok. BV 1,9,10-24). Da G. seine Truppen gegen den aufständischen Godas nach Sardinien gesandt hatte, konnte er sich weder gegen den in Tripolitania revoltierenden Pudentius noch gegen den 533 in Sizilien gelandeten Bel…

Hermericus

(54 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] 419-438 n.Chr. König der Suebi, kämpfte 419 erfolglos gegen die Vandalen in Spanien (Hydatius Lemiensis 71). Nach Plünderungen der Gallaecia 430 und 433 (ebd. 91; 100) schloß er Frieden, trat erkrankt 438 die Herrschaft an seinen Sohn Rechila ab und starb 441 (ebd. 114; 122). PLRE 2,546f. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Censorius Niger, C.

(100 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] vielleicht aus Solva in Noricum [1. 80], nach 132 n.Chr. Prokurator in Mauretania Tingitana [2. 49 Anm. 79, 80], nach 135 Prokurator in Noricum (CIL III 5174; 5181). Er war eng mit Fronto befreundet (Fronto, Ad Ant. Pium 3, p. 157 van den Hout), zunächst auch mit dem praef. praetorio Gavius Maximus, den er dann in seinem Testament beleidigte (Fronto, Ad Ant. Pium 4, p. 159). PIR2 C 658. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 G. Alföldy, Noricum, 1974 (Quellen zu C. 244) 2 G. Winkler, Reichsbeamte von Noricum ..., 1969, Nr.10. Pflaum 1, 226-229, Nr. 97 bis, 201 T…

Timandra

(159 words)

Author(s): Goldhahn, Tobias | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Τιμάνδρα/ Timándra). [German version] [1] Daughter of Tyndareus and Leda Daughter of Tyndareos and Leda, sister of Clytaemnestra and Helene [1], wife of Echemus [1] of Tegea (Apollod. 3,126; 3,129; Paus. 8,5,1), and with him mother of Evander [1] (Serv. Aen. 8,130). Owing to a curse by Aphrodite on the daughters of Tyndareos (according to Stesich. in Schol. Eur. Or. 249, because Aphrodite had been passed over in a sacrifice by Tyndareos), T. leaves Echemus and goes to Dulichium with Phyleus, father of her son Meges (Eust. 305,17). Goldhahn, Tobias [German version] [2] Mistress of Alci…

Porcia

(209 words)

Author(s): Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Sister of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, married to L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. She outlived her husband, who was killed in 48 BC, and died a highly respected woman before August 45; on the model of M. (Terentius?) Varro and a certain Ollius, Cicero dedicated an elogy to her (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [German version] [2] Daughter of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, c. 95-42 BC Daughter of M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, c. 95-42 BC; first married to M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus and in a second marriage, from c. 44 BC on, to her cousin M. Iunius …

Gildilas

(57 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Eastern Goth, comes Syracusanae civitatis in AD 526/7, commander of the province of Sicilia, known from two letters of  Athalaric (Cassiod. Var. 9,11; 14) who threatened the comes Gotharum G. with dismissal from office because of serious irregularities in the levying of taxes and in legal decisions. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Evagon

(118 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Εὐάγων / Euágōn, in MSS also as Εὐγαίων / Eugaíōn, Εὐγέων / Eugéōn). Of Samos, hailed by Dionysius of Halicarnassus as one of the earliest of the Greek historiographers (De Thucydide 5) and the first Samian historian (last third of the 5th cent. BC), the author of Hôroi Samíōn, which was still referred to by Aristotle; Thucydides, too, used it. In the course of a 2nd cent. BC territorial dispute with Priene, the Samians cited an old border agreement (early 7th cent.), mentioned by E. ─ who thus is one of the earliest local …

Guntharith

(133 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Guntharis, Gundarus, Gontharis). Bucellarius of  Solomon I, magister militum and dux Numidiae from AD 545 (Iord. De origine actibusque Romanorum 384). G., whom Solomon had sent out in advance to Bagae on the River Abigas with an army to fight the Moors, escaped defeat only through the latter's rapid assistance (Procop. Vand. 2,19,6-16). In a secret alliance with the prince of the Moors Antalas, G. decided in 546 to remove  Areobindus [3], which also occurred (Procop. Vand. 2,25,1-28). G. oc…

Plautia

(271 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] P. Urgulanilla First wife of the future emperor Claudius (9-24 AD) Daughter of M. Plautius [II 12] Silvanus, first wife of the future emperor Claudius [III 1] (wedding between AD 9 and 10); divorced, probably in 24, on grounds of debauchery and suspicion of murder (aiding in eliminating of Apronia [1], the wife of Plautius' brother) (Tac. Ann. 4,22; on the date Suet. Claud. 26,2; 27,1; [1. 430; 2. 24f.]). The marriage produced two children: Claudia [II 1] Iulia and Claudius [II 23] Drusus (Suet. Claud. 27,1; [3. 135]). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 R…

Flavia

(495 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] F. Domitilla Wife of Vespasian Daughter of Flavius Liberalis of Ferentum in Etruria [2. 210, 1447]. First mistress of the eques Statilius Capella; she later married  Vespasianus. The sons Titus, Domitian and a daughter Flavia [2] were born of the marriage ([Aur.Vict.] Epit. Caes. 10,1; 11,1). Initially subject only to Latin law, she later received Roman citizenship when her father became adsertor. She died before Vespasian came to power on 1 July AD 69 (Suet. Vesp. 3) and was not deified. A sesterce minting from 80/1 commemorates her: R…

Hunimundus

(175 words)

Author(s): Kehne, Peter (Hannover) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi Dux, later rex of the Danubian Suebi, after a foray into Dalmatia defeated and ‘adopted’ in c. AD 465 by the king of the Goths Thiudimer. Mobilized a multi-tribe war coalition against the Goths also supported by eastern Rome but was defeated by them in c. 469 (Iord. Get. 273-279). Probably identical to the pillager of Batavis (Eugippius, Vita Severini 22,4) of the same name. PLRE 2, 574 (H. 2). Kehne, Peter (Hannover) Bibliography H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 31990, 264ff. [German version] [2] H. the Younger. King of the Ostrogoths,…

Fredericus

(243 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Frederick). [German version] [1] Son of the West Gothic king Theodoric I, co-ruler of Theoderic II about AD 450 Son of the West Gothic king Theoderic I, brother and co-ruler of Theoderic II, whom he helped to the throne in AD 453 after the murder of the eldest brother Thorismud (Chron. min. 1,483; 2,27 Mommsen; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,7); after successful battles against the Spanish Bagauds (probably as magister militum, cf. Chron. min. 2,27; in this regard [1. 690f.]) he was involved in 455 in the rise of  Avitus [1] to the position of emperor (Sid. Apoll. Carm. 7,…

Cornelius Bocchus

(122 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Mentioned by Pliny the Elder as the source for parts of his Naturalis historia (Plin. HN 16,216; 37,24; 97; 127); Solinus also repeatedly draws on a C.B. as a source for chronological details (cf. Solin. 1,97; 2,11; 2,18); still the identity of this C.B. with that referred to in Pliny (suspected by [1. XIV]) cannot be proved [2. 646f.]. The inscriptions CIL II 35 and 5184 (=ILS 2920 and 2921) from Lusitania (1st cent. AD), according to which a Lucius CB was flamen provinciae and tribunus militum legionis III Augustae, however probably do relate to Pliny's source. PIR2 C. 133…

Ervig, Ervigius

(99 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] King of the West Goths, AD 680-687. As comes at the court of Wamba, E. was not free of involvement in the latter's deposal and he had himself anointed king without any election. In 681 he had a new version of the law of the West Goths issued. His policy of strengthening the kingship came to grief in 683, when he was obliged to make concessions to the aristocracy at the 13th Council of Toledo. In 687, seriously ill, he designated his bitter rival Egica as his successor. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Claudia

(907 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus, 3rd cent. BC A daughter of Ap. Claudius Caecus. Her wish, which she loudly expressed in a crowd, that her brother P. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 249 BC) should live and lose another battle at sea so that the mob would be decreased, was heavily fined (Ateius Capito in Gell. NA 10,6; Liv. per. 19; Suet. Tib. 2,3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1992, 19-20. [German version] [I 2] Daughter of Ap. Claudius Pulcher, wife of Ti. Gracchus Daughter of Ap. Claudius Pul…

Godigiselus

(102 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] King of the Vandal Hasdingians around AD 400, father of  Gundericus and  Geisericus. Under G. the Hasdingians moved from Pannonia via Vindelicia and Noricum to the Rhine-Neckar area where G. fell in battle in 406 fighting the Franks, who were defending the Roman Rhine border (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9); Procop. (Vand. 3,3,2; 22f.) and Theophanes (5931; 6026) erroneously report that G. led the Hasdingians to Spain. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography PLRE 2, 515f. F. Clover, The Late Roman West and the Vandals, 1993 Chr. Courtois, Les vanda…

Glaphyra

(185 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Bringmann, Klaus (Frankfurt/Main)
[German version] [1] Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana Courtesan of the priest-king Archelaus [6] of Comana and mother of Archelaus [7], whom  Antonius [I 9] elevated to king of Cappadocia in 36 BC (Cass. Dio 49,32,3; App. B Civ. 5,7). Octavianus criticized the relationship of Antonius with G. (Mart. 11,20). OGIS 361. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia Daughter of king Archelaus [7] of Cappadocia, granddaughter of G. [1], in her first marriage G. was married to Alexander, the eldest so…

Cornelianus

(163 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31 Addressee of Pliny Ep. 6,31, cf. [1]. PIR2 C 1301. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 A. N. Sherwin-White, Comm. ad loc. [German version] [2] Ab epistulis Graecis under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus Ab epistulis Graecis in the imperial chancellery under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Phrynichus dedicated his eclogues to C., and acclaimed him as reviving classical rhetoric (pp. 55, 306, 474-75, 482, 492-93 Rutherford). He can probably not be identified with the C. named in Fronto (ad Am. 1,1; 1,2, cf. [1.…

Eclectus

(133 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Ἔκλεκτος; Éklektos, also Electus, Eiectus). E. from Egypt, freedman of Verus, later lived in the palace of Marcus Aurelius (SHA Ver. 9,5f.) after whose death he became cubicularius of that emperor's nephew M. Ummidius Quadratus. When the latter was executed in AD 182, Commodus took on E. (Herodian. 1,16,5; Cass. Dio 72,4,6) with whom he appeared in gladiator games (SHA Comm. 15,2; Cass. Dio 72,19,4). In 193, together with the praetorian prefect Aemilius Laetus and Marcia, the concubina of Commodus, he instigated the murder of the Emperor (Hdn. 1,17,6; 2,1…

Duronius

(202 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn)
Plebeian family name, from Durnius (Schulze, 160; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] D., C. Friend of Annius Milo, 1st cent. BC Friend ( amicissimus) of Annius [I 14] Milo, whom he helped during or after his trial for the murder of  Clodius [I 4]. Cic. Att. 5,8,2f. Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) [German version] [2] D., L. Praetor in Apulia 181 BC 181 BC praetor in Apulia. When Tarentum and Brundisium complained about piracy, he received the praetorship of Istria additionally, and thus probably the task of protecting the Adriatic coast …

Gundobad

(229 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Son of Gundiok, king of the Burgundians in AD 474-516, Arian. On the side of  Ricimer he, as magister utriusque militiae in 472, killed Anthemius [2] (Chron. min. 1,306 Mommsen), administered the western empire and in 473 elevated Glycerius to the status of Augustus (Chron. min. 1,664). In 474 he ─ in the meantime comes and patricius ─ returned to Gaul and succeeded Ricimer in Vienna. He defeated the Alemanni and around 490 invaded Liguria (Ennod. 80). In 496 he married his son Sigismundus to Areagni, a daughter of Theoderic. In 501 he defeated…

Gastaldi

(91 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Administrators of goods and representatives of the king's interests in the Lombardic kingdom, first attested under Authari (AD 584-590). Since the 7th cent. they watched over the dukes (cf. Edictus Rothari 23); in the 8th cent. they could preside over courts of law. They were directly subject to the king in their non-inheritable office. In the Duchies of Spoleto and Benevent they administered the most important towns for the dukes. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography C. G. Mor, Lo stato longobardo nel VII secolo, 1969, 1, 271ff.

Gunthamundus

(60 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Son of Gentunis, king of the Vandals in AD 484-496 (Iord. Get. 170; Procop. Vand. 1,8,6f.), fought successfully against the Moors. In 491 his attempt to reconquer Sicily failed (Ennod. Panegyricus 70). He showed tolerance to the Catholics after initially persecuting them. PLRE 2, 525f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography H.-J. Diesner, Das Vandalenreich, 1966, 84-88.

Leontium

(306 words)

Author(s): Lafond, Yves (Bochum) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Student of Epicurus, 342/1-270 BC This item can be found on the following maps: Achaeans, Achaea (Λεόντιον; Leóntion). City in the interior of Achaea on the Peloponnesus, controlled the passage between Olonus (Erymanthus) and the Kalliphoni mountains as well as the west-east road through the Peiros valley between the Achaean coast south of Patra and Kalavrita (ancient Cynaetha). Presumably not identifiable with Agios Andreas near Gurzumitsa (modern L.) [1], but with modern Kastritsi near Agios …

Dagisthaeus

(121 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Δαγισθαῖος; Dagisthaîos). As a young Roman commander D., who probably was of Gothic origin, unsuccessfully besieged Persian-occupied Petra in the area of the Lazi in AD 548/9 (Procop. Pers. 2,29 especially 33-43). On account of this he was later taken to court under Justinian on the charge of pro-Persian sentiments and arrested by the emperor (Procop. Goth. 4,9,1-4). For the Narses campaign to Italy he was released from custody and took part in the decisive battle against Totila a…

Ereleuva

(111 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Erelieva, Hereleuva). Concubina of the Amal Thiudimer, mother of  Theoderic the Great (Iord. Get. 269); for the legal position of marriage [1. 262]; for her origins, Anon. Val. 58: Gothic lady; but differing [1. 263]: possibly of provincial Roman origin. E. accompanied her son on his military campaigns (Malchus fr. 18, FHG 4, 130) and was honoured for that by Ennodius (Ennod. MGH (AA) 7,208). At a Catholic baptism, she was given the name Eusebia (Anon. Val. 58) and maintained conta…

Gundericus

(183 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Gunderic). In AD 406 G. was chosen as king of the Vandal Hasdingians after the death of his father  Godigiselus; he united his troops with the Alani under Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), defeated the Franks and by the end of 406 crossed the Rhine. Without facing organized resistance, he plundered Gaul (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), crossed the Pyrenees in 409 (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) and secured for himself the east of th…

Godomarus

(106 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Son of  Gundobad, after the death of his brother Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) in AD 524 he was elevated to the position of king of the Burgundians (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). He defeated the Franks under Chlodomer at Vienne on 25 June 524, entered in 530 into an alliance with  Amalasuntha and bought the freedom of prisoners of war (CIL XII 2584). In 533 the Franks under Chlothachar and Childebert defeated G. at Autun and in 534 divided up the Burgundian kingdom amongst themselves (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bie…

Dynasteia

(593 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (δυναστεία; dynasteía, cf. also δυνάστης; dynástēs, ‘Ruler’). Derived from δύνασθαι; dýnasthai, ‘to be capable’, ‘to be able’; ‘to have influence’, ‘to be wealthy’ [1. 116]. Dynasteia was primarily the rule ( rulership) of a small, influential group, within which high offices were inherited. Two basic levels of meaning are to be distinguished for dynasteia: in the first of them, its character as the term for a group of rulers or an individual ruler expresses more the original sense of the word; in the second the inheritance of lea…

Gannascus

(97 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] A Canninefate, who deserted from Roman service and together with the Chauci laid waste to Lower Germania and the Gallic bank of the Rhine after the death of  Sanquinius Maximus, the governor of Lower Germania, in AD 47. The new governor  Domitius [II 11] Corbulo drove G. away and restored order. When he had G. murdered by a ruse, unrest again broke out among the Chauci, causing Claudius to pull the advance troops back to the west bank of the Rhine (Tac. Ann. 11,18f.). PIR2 G 73. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Dengizich

(96 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Dintzic, Greek Δεγγιζίχ, Δινζίριχος; Dengizích, Dinzírichos). Son of Attila, king of the Huns; after the latter's death D. assembled an army from the elements of the Hun empire that were still under his control, to fight the Goths. He was, however, defeated at Bassianae (Pannonia) by the Goths (probably after AD 456/57, Iord. Get. 272f.). He later conducted several wars against the Romans but was killed in 469 by the mag. mil. per Thracias Anagestes (Prisc. fr. 36 [FHG 4,107f.]; Chron. pasch. 323d Dindorf). PLRE 354f. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Boch…

Eparchia

(184 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (ἐπαρχία; eparchía). Territorial administrative unit in Hellenistic states. In the Seleucid kingdom, Antiochus [5] III especially supported the setting up of smaller provinces in order to prevent power concentrations in the areas of individual satraps, as for example  Molon (222 BC). Polybius describes their head, who evidently had military and civil power, as éparchos or stratēgós (Pol. 5,46,7; 48,14); however his terminology is misleading since from the middle of the 2nd cent. BC on, eparchia started taking on the meaning of Lat . provincia (cf. SIG3 683,55 and …

Fravitta

(133 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Fravitus). Tervingian army commander in the service of Rome, married to a Roman woman. In support of maintaining the Roman alliance with the Goths of AD 382, he killed Eriulf in 391 at the court of Theodosius I (Zos. 4,56,1-3; Eunapius fr. 60 FHG 4,41). In about 400 as the magister militum on behalf of Arcadius he prevented Gaenas from crossing the Hellespont (Zos. 5,20-21; Sozom. Hist. eccl. 8,4,19-21) and was rewarded for it in 401 with the consulate (Eunapius fr. 82 FHG 4,50). Around 403/4, however, he was accused of allowing …

Dasius

(188 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich)
Messapic name in Lat. form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Respected bearers of that name in Apulia (in particular from Arpi and Sala) were still anti-Roman during the Second Punic War. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1] Commander of Clastidium against Hannibal D. from Brundisium, in 218 BC commander of the allied occupation forces of  Clastidium with large Roman stores which he betrayed to Hannibal after the victory at the Ticinus for 400 pieces of gold (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Leader of the pro-Carthaginian p…

Epigraphy

(47 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Epigraphy, from Greek ἐπιγράφειν ( epigráphein, ‘to write on something’). The term refers to ancient texts that were documented on various, mostly permanent materials (stone, bronze, etc.), as well as to the respective sub-discipline of archaeology.  Inscriptions; Epigraphy Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Gannys

(141 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Γάννυς; Gánnys). G. was raised in the house of  Iulia Maesa and had a relationship with her daughter  Iulia Soaemias, who made him the tutor of her son  Elagabalus [2] (Cass. Dio 79,6,1f. Boissevain). G. and  Valerius Comazon had the troops elevate Elagabalus to emperor in Emesa in May AD 218 (Cass. Dio 78,31,2-4). Despite a lack of military experience, G. defeated  Macrinus in June, but was eliminated in the winter of 218-219 by Elagabalus, who had toyed with the idea of marrying…

Ermanaric,

(184 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (H)ermanaricus (also Ermenrichus, Hermenerig). King of the East Goths who, as the first historically documented  Amal, already belongs to the 10th generation of the Amal family tree (Iord. Get. 79 from Cassiodorus). He was the youngest son of Achiulf, brother of Ansila, Ediulf and Vultuulf, and was regarded as the founder of the ‘younger’ family line which, in AD 515, rejoined the 'older' line, founded by Vultuulf, as a result of the marriage of  Eutharicus with  Amalasuntha (Iord…

Epicteta

(384 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Ἐπικτήτα; Epiktḗta). Widow of the aristocrat Phoenix from Thera. Under the instruction of her son Andragoras, who died two years after his father, she completed the construction of a shrine to the Muses (mouseion) that Phoenix had started, as a memorial to their son Cratesilochus, but had not been able to finish. In her will (early 2nd cent. BC, preserved epigraphically: IG XII 3,330, l. 1-108), E. entrusted the mouseion to her ‘heiress’ (  epikleros ) daughter Epiteleia. In the will she provided for the setting up of an association o…

Godigisclus

(92 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Godigisel, Godegisel). Burgundian king, son of  Gundiok, lived from c. AD 474 in Geneva, always in the shadow of his older brother  Gundobad (Ennod. Vita Epiphanii 174). In 500, together with the king of the Franks, Chlodovechus ( Clovis I), he defeated Gundobad at Dijon, but in 501 he was killed by the latter when Chlodovechus had to turn against the Visigoths (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,32f; Chron. min. 2,234 Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography PLRE 2, 516 (Godigisel 2) Stein, Spätröm. R., 2, 144 with n. 2.

Ulpia

(127 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] U. Marciana See Marciana. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1a] U. Plotina Named in the year AD 69 on a tabula cerata from Herculaneum. She may have been a sister of M. Ulpius [12] Traianus and hence a maternal aunt of the later emperor Traianus [1] (AE 1993, 461). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] U. Severina Wife of Aurelianus [3] (SHA Aurelian. 50,2), elevated to Augusta probably in AD 274 (CIL III 472; V 29; V 3330; IX 2327; AE 1927,81; 1934,44), mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (AE 1930, 150). Daughter of Ulpius [4] Crinitus (?) …

Eutharicus, Eutharic

(142 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Grandson of Berimund of the Amal dynasty, called to Italy by Theoderic the Great in AD 515 and married to  Amalasuntha in order to secure the succession (Iord. Get. 298). He was later adopted by Justin as his son-at-arms, received Roman citizenship; at the assumption of his consulate in 519 ─ on the occasion of which Cassiodorus had written a speech (MGH AA 12,465ff.) and probably also compiled his chronicle ─, he was called Flavius E. Cillica (CIL VI 32003). When he responded rig…

Gentunis

(56 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Genzon). Son of  Geisericus, brother of Hunericus, father of Gunthamundus, Gelaridus, and Thrasamund (Procop. Vand. 1,5,11; 8,6-8; 9,6). In AD 468, he participated in the naval battle against  Basiliscus (Procop. Vand. 1,6,24), only to die in 477, preceding his father in death. PLRE 2,502-503 (Genton 1). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Calpurnia

(346 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] Wife of Caesar Daughter of L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (Suet. Iul. 21). On the Ides of March AD 44, she pleaded urgently with her husband Caesar to stay away from the Senate session (Suet. Iul. 81,3; Plut. Caes. 63,8-12; Cass. Dio 44,17,1; Val. Max. 1,7,2; Vell. Pat. 2,57,2). Caesar had married the 18-year-old for political reasons in 59 BC (Plut. Caes. 14,8; Pomp. 47,10; App. B Civ. 2,51; Cass. Dio 38,9,1, [1. 75 A.46]). Their marriage remained childless [2. 466]. After Caesar's death, C. transferred his assets to Mark Antony (Plut. Ant. 15; App. B Civ. 2,524). Stroth…

Peace, concept of

(30 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] A unified notion of peace, comparable to the modern concept, was unknown in Antiquity. Eirene; Koine Eirene; Pax. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Tullia

(610 words)

Author(s): Eder, Walter (Berlin) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Daughter of the Roman king Servius Tullius [I 4] Daughter of the Roman king Servius Tullius [I 4], the son-in-law of Tarquinius [11] Priscus, she was married to her uncle Arruns. Having failed in her attempts to talk Arruns into assuming rulership, T. turned towards Arruns' brother Tarquinius (the later Tarquinius [12] Superbus), husband of her sister of the same name. After the death of Arruns and of her sister (by murder?; Liv. 1,46,9; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,30,1), T. married Tarquini…

Gesalicus

(147 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Gesalech; also Gesalecus, Gisaleicus). Illegitimate son of  Alaricus [3] II; after the latter's death at Vouillé in AD 507 he was elected king of the Visigoths, as his legitimate half-brother  Amalaricus, grandson of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic, was still a minor (Procop. Goth. 5,12,43). G. was soon forced to retreat to Spain by the Burgundians and Franks (Chron. min. 1,665f. Mommsen). When Theoderic contested his leadership on behalf of Amalaricus (Procop. Goth. 5,12,46), G. …

Fritigern

(180 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Dux ( reiks) of the  Tervingi; in AD 376, with the permission of  Valens and under threat from the Huns, he led his tribe as dediticiideditio ) across the Danube to Thrace (Amm. Marc. 31,4,8; Iord. Get. 134), where the Arian won over parts of the indigenous population. After conflicts with the Romans the Goths defeated the Romans on 9 Sept. 378 in the battle of Hadrianople (Amm. Marc. 31,6,3-5; 11,5; 12,8 [1. 133-139]). F., who was not able to take advantage of the victory because his …

Helvia

(195 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] Mother of Cicero Mother of Cicero, never mentioned by him, described by his brother as a painstaking housewife (Cic. Fam. 16,26,2), led a blameless life (Plut. Cicero 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Wife of Seneca the Elder, 1st cent. AD Wife of Seneca the Elder whom she lost in AD 40 (Sen. Dial. 12,2,4; 19,4).  Seneca the Younger, one of her three sons, wrote for her in exile the consolatory discourse Ad Helviam. PIR2 H 78. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [3] Sister-in-law of Seneca the Elder, 1st cent. AD Elder sister of H. [2]. Her…

Duenos inscription

(465 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] An inscription in archaic Latin on the so-called ‘Vasculum Dresselianum’, a ceramic vessel discovered in Rome, south-east of the Quirinal, in 1880 by H. Dressel. The triangular object with rounded tips and concave sides (length of sides: 10,3-10,5 cm; max. height: 4,5 cm; cf. [1. 55]) has a round opening at each tip. The inscription is on the outer side, written in three lines to be read from right to left (see fig.; other fig. in [1; 2. 134f., 140]; a version of transcription in [3. 70]). The dating of the text ranges from the 7th to the late 3rd cent. BC; ar…

Marcia

(1,003 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] Possibly daughter of Q. Marcius Philippus (cos. 281 BC) Possibly daughter of Q. Marcius [I 16] Philippus ( cos. 281 BC), wife of M. Atilius [I 21] Regulus, mother of two sons (Sil. Pun. 6,403-409; 576). As a widow she allegedly took revenge on two Carthaginians who had promised to protect her husband (Diod. Sic. 24,12; HRR I 144f. fr. 5). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Grandmother of Caesar According to Suet. Iul. 6,1 from the royal family of the Marcii Reges, grandmother of Caesar. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [3] Probably daughter of…

Victoria

(690 words)

Author(s): Scherf, Johannes (Tübingen) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Roman goddess and personification of victory Roman goddess and personification of victory, etymologically derived from vincere, "to be victorious" [5. 2501]. In contrast to Nike, her Greek counterpart whom she followed closely in her personification and iconography (as winged goddess, often with cornucopia, wreath and palm leaf: [4. 239-269]), V. was worshipped early and independently in her cult as the symbol of victory achieved (mostly militarily, therefore the close connection to Mars, according to CIL III 4412; VII 220; V. in the pompa circensis: Cic. A…

Celer

(305 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Cognomen, the origin of which is given in a story by Plutarch (Coriolanus 11,4); also a nickname [1. 66,248]. [German version] [1] Military tribune Military tribune who intervened in Judaea against internal Jewish disturbances. Sent for judgement to Rome, he was returned to Jerusalem by the emperor and there beheaded (Ios. Ant. Iud. 20,132-136; Bell. Iud. 2,244-246). PIR C 617. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] Legatus iuridicus 92 AD In AD 92 legatus Augusti pro praetore Hispaniae cit. or legatus iuridicus (Mart. 7,52,1-4). PIR C 620. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) …

Gesimund

(87 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] Son of Hunimund the Elder, first Gothic king under Hunnish rule. In AD 376 he helped the Hunnish king Balamber to victory over the Amalian Vinitharius (Iord. Get. 248). Perhaps identical to Gensimund, who, although the kingship was offered to him as Amalian magister militum, declined in favour of the legitimate successors (Cassiod. Var. 8,9). PLRE 2,510 and [1. 26f.] consider the two to be identical; contrary [2. 254f.]. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography 1 P. Heather, Goths and Romans 332-489, 1991 2 H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 31990.

Daochus

(157 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Δάοχος; Dáochos). [German version] [1] D.I. Tagos of the Thessalian koinon 431-404 BC from Pharsalus, son of Agias, was the   tagos of the Thessalian koinon for 27 years ( c. 431-404 BC?); his tageia was reputedly a time of peace and prosperity (Syll.3 273) [1. 110f.]. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [2] D. II. Thessalian, envoy of Philip II 338 BC high-ranking Thessalian, grandson of D. [1]. In 338 BC, Philip II sent him together with others to the Thebans to procure support against Athens (Pol. 18,4,4; Dem. Or. 18,211…

Gundiok

(112 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Gundovech). King of the Burgundians in AD 457-470, from the family of  Athanaric [1. 44], married a sister of Ricimer (Malalas 374-75; Johannes Antiochenus fr. 209), his sons are Gundobad, Godigisclus, Chilperic and Godomer (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,28). As an ally of Theoderic II he attacked in 455 with his brother Chilperic I the Suebians in Gaul and settled there after the victory of Theoderic in 457. In 463 he was magister utriusque militiae (per Gallias); in the same year he informed Pope Hilarius about the irregular administration of the bishop of  Vienna (Hilarius Ep…

Euricus, Euric

(323 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (also Eurichus, Euarix). King of the Visigoths in AD 466-484, son of Theoderic I, succeeded to the throne after the murder of his brother Theoderic II (Iord. Get. 190; Hydatius Lemiensis 237). E.'s reign was marked by the constant endeavour to expand the area of his kingdom (originally Aquitania II, Novempopulana and parts of Narbonensis I) and to weaken the dependence on Rome, which is clear from the termination of the   foedus with the Romans. From 468 he advanced against the Suebi and in the following years conquered almost the e…

Valeria

(553 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Bleckmann, Bruno (Strasbourg)
[German version] [1] First priestess of Fortuna Muliebris, 5th cent. BC Sister of P. Valerius [I 45] Poplicola, said to have saved Rome in 488 BC from Coriolanus (Plut. Coriolanus 33; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 8,39; 8,43,1 f.); first priestess of Fortuna Muliebris (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 8,55,3-5; Fortuna B.). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography Latte, 181. [German version] [2] Daughter of P. Valerius [I44], ca. 500 BC Daughter of P. Valerius [I 44] (elected belatedly cos. for the year 509 BC), sent to Porsenna with 19 other hostages (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 5,32,3). They …

Fabia

(410 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] F. Two daughters of the patrician Ambustus with the same name Two daughters of the patrician Ambustus with the same name. The younger one had married the plebeian Licinius Stolo whilst the older one had married the patrician Ser. Sulpicius, who was able to hold high state offices because of his origin. When the messenger announced his arrival by knocking loudly on the front door, the younger F. was startled and the older one mocked her. Traditionally the incident is said to have led to th…

Eraricus, Erarich

(95 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[German version] (Ἐράριχος; Erárichos). A Rugian, AD 541 king of the Ostrogoths in succession to Ildibad. Officially, E. negotiated with Justinian a withdrawal of the Goths to the region north of the Po, but secretly he offered to abandon the whole of Italy in return for a large sum of money and the status of patricius. While his ambassadors were still negotiating, E. was eliminated after having reigned for only five months; his successor was Totila (Procop. Goth. 3,2; Jord. Rom. 378f.; Chron. min. 2,106f. Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Daochos

(150 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Δάοχος). [English version] [1] D.I. Vorsteher des thessalischen Koinon 431-404 v.Chr. aus Pharsalos, Sohn des Agias, stand als Tagos 27 Jahre lang dem thessalischen Koinon vor (ca. 431-404 v.Chr.?); seine Tageia galt als Phase des Friedens und Wohlstandes (Syll.3 273) [1. 110f.]. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] D. II. Thessaler, Gesandter Philipps II. 338 v.Chr. vornehmer Thessaler, Enkel von D. [1]. Philipp II. sandte ihn 338 v.Chr. zusammen mit anderen zu den Thebanern, um Unterstützung gegen Athen zu erwi…

Fravitta

(123 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Fravitus). Terwingischer Heerführer in röm. Dienst, mit einer Römerin verheiratet. Als Verfechter der Einhaltung des röm. Bündnisses mit den Goten von 382 n.Chr. tötete er 391 am Hof des Theodosius I. Eriulf (Zos. 4,56,1-3; Eunapios fr. 60 FHG 4,41). Um 400 verhinderte er als magister militum im Auftrag des Arcadius den Übergang des Gainas über den Hellespont (Zos. 5,20-21; Soz. 8,4,19-21) und wurde dafür 401 mit dem Consulat belohnt (Eunapios fr. 82 FHG 4,50). Um 403/4 jedoch angeklagt, er habe Gainas entkommen lassen, wu…

Gildilas

(51 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Ostgote, comes Syracusanae civitatis im J. 526/7 n.Chr., Befehlshaber über die Provinz Sicilia, bekannt aus zwei Briefen des Athalaricus (Cassiod. var. 9,11; 14), der dort dem comes Gotharum G. aufgrund von Mißständen in der Steuererhebung und in Rechtsentscheidungen mit Amtsenthebung drohte. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Helvia

(182 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
[English version] [1] Mutter Ciceros Mutter Ciceros, von ihm selbst nirgends ewähnt, von seinem Bruder als penible Hausfrau bezeichnet (Cic. fam. 16,26,2), führte ein tadelloses Leben (Plut. Cicero 1,1). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] Frau Senecas d.Ä., 1. Jh. n. Chr. Frau Senecas d.Ä., den sie 40 n.Chr. verlor (Sen. dial. 12,2,4; 19,4). Seneca d. J., einer ihrer drei Söhne, schrieb im Exil für sie die Trostschrift Ad Helviam. PIR2 H 78. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [3] Schwägerin Senecas d.Ä., 1. Jh. n. Chr. Ältere Schwester von H. [2]. Ihr Ehe…

Eraricus, Erarich

(80 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Ἐράριχος). Rugier, 541 n.Chr. König der Ostgoten als Nachfolger des Ildibad. E. verhandelte offiziell mit Iustinian über einen Abzug der Goten in das Gebiet nördl. des Po, bot aber insgeheim die Aufgabe ganz Italiens für eine hohe Geldsumme und die patricius-Würde an. Noch während der Verhandlungen seiner Gesandten wurde E. nach nur fünfmonatiger Regierung beseitigt; sein Nachfolger wurde Totila (Prok. BG 3,2; Iord. Rom. 378f.; Chron. min. 2,106f. Mommsen). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Fredericus

(211 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
(Friderich). [English version] [1] Sohn des Westgotenkönigs Theoderich I., Mitherrscher des Theoderich II. um 450 n. Chr. Sohn des Westgotenkönigs Theoderich I., Bruder und Mitherrscher des Theoderich II., dem er 453 n.Chr. nach der Ermordung des ältesten Bruders Thorismud zum Thron verhalf (Chron. min. 1,483; 2,27 Mommsen; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,7); nach erfolgreichen Kämpfen gegen spanische Bagauden (wohl als magister militum, vgl. Chron. min. 2,27; dazu [1. 690f.]) war er 455 an der Erhebung des Avitus [1] zum Kaiser beteiligt (Sidon. carm. 7,391ff.; 435…

Godomarus

(88 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Gundomarus, Gundomar). Sohn des Gundobad, nach dem Tod seines Bruders Sigismundus (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6) 524 n.Chr. zum König der Burgunden erhoben (Chron. min. 2,235 Mommsen). Er besiegte die Franken unter Chlodomer bei Vienne am 25.6.524, knüpfte 530 ein Bündnis mit Amalasuntha und kaufte Kriegsgefangene frei (CIL XII 2584). 533 besiegten die Franken unter Chlothachar und Childebert G. bei Autun und teilten 534 das burgundische Reich unter sich auf (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,11). PLRE 2, 517 G. (2). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Claudia

(862 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Eine Tochter des Ap. Claudius Caecus, 3. Jh. v.Chr. Eine der Töchter des Ap. Claudius Caecus. Ihr im Gedränge laut geäußerter Wunsch, ihr Bruder P. Claudius Pulcher ( cos. 249 v.Chr.) möge leben und abermals eine Seeschlacht verlieren, damit die Masse des Pöbels abnehme, brachte ihr eine hohe Geldstrafe ein (Ateius Capito bei Gell. 10,6; Liv. per. 19; Suet. Tib. 2,3). Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) Bibliography R.A. Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, 1992, 19-20. [English version] [I 2] Tochter des Ap. Claudius Pulcher, Frau …

Porcia

(206 words)

Author(s): Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato Schwester des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, verheiratet mit L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus. Sie überlebte ihren 48 v. Chr. gefallenen Mann und starb hochgeachtet vor dem August 45; nach dem Vorbild des M. (Terentius?) Varro und eines Ollius widmete Cicero ihr ein Elogium (Att. 13,37,3; 48,2). Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) [English version] [2] Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr. Tochter des M. Porcius [I 7] Cato, ca. 95-42 v. Chr.; zuerst mit M. Calpurnius [I 5] Bibulus, in zweiter Ehe seit ca. 44 v. Chr. mi…

Ermanarich

(167 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (H)ermanaricus (auch Ermenrichus, Hermenerig). König der Ostgoten, gehört als erster histor. faßbarer Amaler bereits der 10. Generation des Amalerstammbaums an (Iord. Get. 79 aus Cassiodor). Er war der jüngste Sohn des Achiulf, Bruder von Ansila, Ediulf und Vultuulf und galt als Begründer der “jüngeren” Amalerlinie, die sich durch die Ehe des Eutharicus mit Amalasuntha 515 n.Chr. wieder mit der “älteren” Linie, begründet von Vultuulf, verband (Iord. Get. 79-81). E. beherrschte um…

Epigraphik

(46 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] E., von griech. ἐπιγράφειν ( epigráphein, “auf etw. schreiben”). Der Begriff dient zur Bezeichnung ant. Texte, die auf verschiedenen, zumeist dauerhaften Materialien (Stein, Bronze u.ä.) festgehalten wurden, sowie als Begriff für die diesbezügliche altertumswiss. Teildisziplin. Inschriften; Epigraphik Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Guntharith

(122 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Guntharis, Gundarus, Gontharis). Bucellarius des Solomon I., magister militum und dux Numidiae seit 545 n.Chr. (Iord. de origine actibusque Romanorum 384). G., den Solomon mit einem Heer gegen die Mauren nach Bagai am Fluß Abigas vorausgeschickt hatte, entging nur durch dessen rasche Hilfe einer Niederlage (Prok. BV 2,19,6-16). In einem geheimen Bund mit dem Maurenfürsten Antalas beschloß G. 546 die Beseitigung des Areobindus [3], was auch gelang (Prok. BV 2,25,1-28). G. besetzte Karthago …

Gundiok

(104 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Gundovech). König der Burgunden 457-470 n.Chr., aus der Familie des Athanarich [1. 44], verheiratet mit einer Schwester Ricimers (Malalas 374-75; Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 209), seine Söhne sind Gundobad, Godigisclus, Chilperich und Godomer (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,28). Als Verbündeter Theoderichs II. zog er mit seinem Bruder Chilperich I. 455 gegen die Sueben in Gallien und siedelte dort nach dem Sieg Theoderichs 457. Im J. 463 magister utriusque militiae (per Gallias); im selben Jahr informierte er Papst Hilarius über die unrechtmäßige Amtsführung…

Euricus, Eurich

(300 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (auch Eurichus, Euarix). König der Westgoten 466-484 n.Chr., Sohn Theoderichs I., gelangte nach der Ermordung seines Bruders Theoderich II. zur Herrschaft (Iord. Get. 190; Hydatius Lemiensis 237). E.' Regierung war geprägt vom Bestreben, sein Reichsgebiet (urspr. Aquitania II, Novempopulana und Teile der Narbonensis I) auszudehnen und die Abhängigkeit von Rom zu lockern, was in der Kündigung des foedus mit den Römern deutlich wird. Seit 468 ging er gegen die Sueben vor und eroberte in den folgenden Jahren fast die ge…

Gannys

(128 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Γάννυς). Wurde im Haus der Iulia Maesa erzogen und hatte ein Verhältnis mit ihrer Tochter Iulia Soaemias, die ihn zum Erzieher ihres Sohnes Elagabalus [2] machte (Cass. Dio 79,6,1f. Boissevain). G. und Valerius Comazon ließen Elagabal im Mai 218 n.Chr. von den Truppen in Emesa zum Kaiser ausrufen (Cass. Dio 78,31,2-4). Trotz fehlender mil. Erfahrung besiegte G. im Juni Macrinus, wurde aber im Winter 218/9 von Elagabal, der mit dem Gedanken gespielt hatte, G. mit Soaemias zu verh…

Gundobad

(206 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] Sohn des Gundiok, Burgundenkönig 474-516 n.Chr., Arianer. Auf der Seite des Ricimer tötete er als magister utriusque militiae 472 Anthemios [2] (Chron. min. 1,306 Mommsen), verwaltete das Westreich und erhob 473 Glycerius zum Augustus (Chron. min. 1,664). 474 kehrte er, inzwischen comes und patricius, nach Gallien zurück und trat in Vienna die Nachfolge Ricimers an. Er besiegte die Alamannen und fiel um 490 in Ligurien ein (Ennod. 80). Den Sohn Sigismundus verheiratete er 496 mit Areagni, einer Tochter Theoderichs. Seinen…

Epikteta

(347 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Ἐπικτήτα). Witwe des Aristokraten Phoinix aus Thera. Sie vollendete den Bau eines Museions, das Phoinix zum Gedenken an ihren Sohn Kratesilochos zwar begonnen hatte, aber nicht mehr ausführen konnte, gemäß den Weisungen ihres Sohnes Andragoras, der zwei Jahre nach dem Vater starb. Die Sorge um das Museion übertrug E. in ihrem Testament (Anf. 2.Jh. v.Chr., inschr. erh.: IG XII 3,330, Z. 1-108) ihrer Erbtochter ( epíklēros ) Epiteleia. Darin verfügte sie die Einrichtung einer Gemeinschaft der männlichen Verwandten (κοινὸν τοῦ …

Ervig, Ervigius

(78 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] König der Westgoten 680-687 n.Chr. Als comes am Hof Wambas an dessen Absetzung nicht unbeteiligt, ließ E. sich ohne Wahl zum König salben. 681 ließ er eine Neufassung des Westgotengesetzes herausgeben. Seine auf Stärkung des Königtums gerichtete Politik scheiterte 683, als er auf dem 13. Konzil von Toledo zu Zugeständnissen gegenüber dem Adel gezwungen wurde. Schwer erkrankt, designierte er 687 seinen erbitterten Gegner Egica zu seinem Nachfolger. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)

Glaphyra

(174 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Bringmann, Klaus (Frankfurt/Main)
[English version] [1] Hetäre des Priesterkönigs Archelaos [6] von Komana Hetäre des Priesterkönigs Archelaos [6] von Komana und Mutter des Archelaos [7], den Antonius [I 9] 36 v.Chr. zum König von Kappadokien erhob (Cass. Dio 49,32,3; App. civ. 5,7). Octavianus tadelte das Verhältnis des Antonius mit G. (Mart. 11,20). OGIS 361. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [2] Tochter des Königs Archelaos [7] von Kappadokien Tochter des Königs Archelaos [7] von Kappadokien, Enkelin von G. [1], war in erster Ehe verheiratet mit Alexandros, dem ältesten Sohn K…

Fabia

(378 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
[English version] [1] F. zwei gleichnamige Töchter des Patriziers Ambustus Zwei gleichnamige Töchter des Patriziers Ambustus. Die jüngere hatte den Plebeier Licinius Stolo geheiratet, die ältere den Patrizier Ser. Sulpicius, der aufgrund seiner Herkunft hohe Staatsämter bekleiden konnte. Als der Amtsdiener sein Kommen durch lautes Schlagen an die Haustür ankündigte, erschrak die jüngere F. und wurde von der älteren verspottet. Der Vorfall soll nach der Tradition dazu geführt haben, daß die Gekränkte bei i…

Calpurnia

(330 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Köln)
[English version] [1] Gattin Caesars Tochter des L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (Suet. Iul. 21). Sie bat Caesar, ihren Gatten, an den Iden des März 44 dringend, der Senatssitzung fernzubleiben (Suet. Iul. 81,3; Plut. Caes. 63,8-12; Cass. Dio 44,17,1; Val. Max. 1,7,2; Vell. 2,57,2). Aus polit. Gründen hatte Caesar in vierter Ehe die 18jährige 59 v.Chr. geheiratet (Plut. Caes. 14,8; Pomp. 47,10; App. civ. 2,51; Cass. Dio 38,9,1, [1. 75 A.46]). Die Ehe blieb kinderlos [2. 466]. Nach dem Tod Caesars übergab C. dessen Vermögen an M. Antonius (Plut. Ant. 15; App. civ. 2,524). Strothmann, Mer…

Eparchia

(164 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (ἐπαρχία). Territoriale Verwaltungseinheit in hell. Staaten. Im Seleukidenreich förderte bes. Antiochos [5] III. die Einrichtung kleinerer Bezirke, um Machtkonzentrationen in Gebieten einzelner Satrapen, wie etwa des Molon (222 v.Chr.) zu verhindern. Polybios bezeichnet ihre Vorsteher, die offenbar mil. und zivile Gewalt besaßen, als éparchos bzw. stratēgós (Pol. 5,46,7; 48,14), doch ist seine Terminologie irreführend, da e. seit der Mitte des 2. Jh.v.Chr. allmählich die Bed. von lat. provincia annimmt (vgl. SIG3 683,55 und 65; Arr. Parth. fr. 1,2: éparcho…

Eklektos

(119 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Ἔκλεκτος, auch Electus, Eiectus). E. aus Ägypten, Freigelassener des Verus, wohnte später im Palast des Marcus Aurelius (SHA Ver. 9,5f.), nach dessen Tod er cubicularius von dessen Neffen M. Ummidius Quadratus wurde. Als dieser 182 n.Chr. hingerichtet wurde, übernahm Commodus den E. (Herodian. 1,16,5; Cass. Dio 72,4,6), mit dem er bei Gladiatorenspielen auftrat (SHA Comm. 15,2; Cass. Dio 72,19,4). 193 betrieb er mit dem Praetorianerpraefekten Aemilius Laetus und Marcia der concubina des Commodus, die Ermordung des Kaisers (Herodian. 1,17,6; 2,1,3;…

Dasius

(167 words)

Author(s): Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) | Günther, Linda-Marie (München)
Messapischer Name in lat. Form (Schulze, 39, 44; ThlL Onom. s.v. D.). Angesehene Namensträger in Apulien (bes. aus Arpi und Salapia), waren noch im zweiten Punischen Krieg romfeindlich. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [English version] [1] Kommandant von Clastidium gegen Hannibal D. aus Brundisium, 218 v.Chr. Kommandant der bundesgenössischen Besatzung von Clastidium mit großem röm. Vorratslager, das er an Hannibal nach dem Sieg am Ticinus gegen 400 Goldstücke verriet (Pol. 3,69; Liv. 21,48). Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [2] Führer der prokarthagischen Pa…

Gundericus

(170 words)

Author(s): Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) | Strothmann, Meret (Bochum)
[English version] (Gunderich). G. wurde nach dem Tod seines Vaters Godigiselus 406 n.Chr. zum König der vandalischen Hasdingen gewählt, vereinigte seine Scharen mit den Alanen unter Respendial (Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,9), besiegte die Franken und überschritt Ende 406 den Rhein. Ohne auf organisierten Widerstand zu treffen, plünderte er Gallien (Oros. 7,40,3; Chron. min. 1,299; 465 Mommsen; Zos. 6,3), zog 409 über die Pyrenäen (Chron. min. 2,17; Soz. 9,12; Greg. Tur. Franc. 2,2) und sicherte sich 411 d…
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