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[German version] (Ἀμμωνίδης; Ammōnídēs). Undatable author of a short Greek epigram mocking an unknown Antipatra (Anth. Pal. 11,201): "If Antipatra had been shown to the Parthians naked, they would have fled through the Pillars of Heracles"‘.’ As little is known of the poet as of the addressee. An attempt by Brunck to amend Ἀμμωνίδου (-ον: Planudes) to Ἀμμωνίου, in order to ascribe the couplet to Ammonius [10], the equally unknown author of the epigram Anth. Pal. 9,827, has no basis. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography 1 R. F. Ph. Brunck, Analecta veterum poetarum Graecorum, vol.…

[German version] Unknown poet of epigrams, two of whose satirical poems survive: one pillories a poetaster (Anth. Pal. 11,129), the other is an interesting literary manifesto against the affectations of the Attic orators, regarded by C. as being as empty as they were abstruse (Anth. Pal. 11,144, cf. Lucillius, Anth. Pal. 11,142). At least chronologically plausible is his identification with Iulius Cerialis, the friend of Martial (Mart. Epigr. 11,52,1). Degani, Enzo (Bologna)

[German version] Author of an artistically refined epigram on a fisher that is rich in effective antitheses: his boat helped him to survive yesterday but today it serves as his funeral pyre (Anth. Pal. 7,381, cf. Antiphilus, Anth. Pal. 7,635). It is part of the ‘Garland’ of Philippus. All that is known of its poet is that he was a ‘Messenian’ (Μεσσήνιος; Messḗnios) but it is unclear in the lemma whether he was from Messenia or Messina. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography GA II,1, 254f.; 2, 288.

[German version] (Δαμοχάρις; Damocháris). Epigrammatic poet of the Justinianic period, grammatikós, friend and student of Agathias (according to the lemma of Anth. Pal. 7,206, a tomb epigram on the partridge loved by the master, cf. Agathias 7,204f.). Born on Cos, as can be seen from the epitaph of Paulus Silentiarius (7,588), he was proconsul and governor of Asia and was especially venerated both in Smyrna (cf. the anonymous poem 16,43) and in Ephesus (cf. SEG 18,474). Four epigrams of average standard from the ‘Cycle’ of Agathias are extant. Degani, Enzo (Bologna) Bibliography Av. un…

[German version] (Εὐτόλμιος Ἰλλούστριος; Eutólmios Illoústrios). Epigrammatic poet, honoured with the titles vir illustris and scholastikós. Five of his poems are extant, probably originating from Palladas' Syllogḗ: the epigrammatic epitaphs Anth. Pal. 7,608 and 611 (elegant imitations of Bianor 7,644 and Parmenion 7,184), the anathematic epigram 6,86 (whose lapidary brevity was seemingly parodied by Palladas), and the epideictic epigram 9,587, a single distich, describing a θερμοχύτης; thermochýtēs (‘a vessel, out of which warm beverages were poured’). Degani, Enzo (Bo…

[German version] Epigram poet in the early 1st cent. AD (cf. Anth. Pal. 7,391 on the death of Germanicus in AD 19), born perhaps in Smyrna (according to the lemma of Anth. Pal. 11,72; the poem's authorship is, however, not certain). At least nine poems by B. are extant from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus (with the addition of several incerta, cf. Anth. Pal. 9,30 as well), all of which rather mediocre, most of them either epideictic (9,236 is a panegyrical poem about imperial Rome, ‘the home of the entire universe’) or funeral epigrams (7,372 = GVI 1580 is possibly an actual inscription). Degani, Enz…

[German version] (Ἀρχίμηλος; Archímēlos) The writer of a long epigram that describes a gigantic ship, which Hieron II had built: according to the testimony of the historian and paradoxographer Moschion (FGrH 575 IIIB p. 677), whom Athenaeus (5,209b-c) quotes directly, the ruler is said to have paid the poet by sending him 1, 000 medimnoi of grain ‘to the Piraeus’. If this correct, then A. is to be dated to the second half of the 3rd cent. BC, however, the unreliable nature of the source leaves room for justifiable doubt. The poem is of poor quality…

[German version] (Έννοιος; Énnoios) Author of an epitaph on a marble block that was rediscovered in Catania (Anth. Pal. append. 2,491 Cougny = GVI 883) and is to be dated in the 3rd-4th cents. AD. The name of the poet, which stands under the three insipid as well as damaged distichs, is not otherwise documented. Degani, Enzo (Bologna)

[English version] A. Definition Mit dieser Antonomasie wird gemeinhin die große, aus der Ant. überlieferte Sammlung griech. Epigramme bezeichnet, d. h. die Anthologia Palatina (so benannt nach der Bibliotheca Palatina zu Heidelberg, wo Ende des 16. Jh. die einzige Hs., der Palatinus 23, entdeckt wurde) und die sie ergänzende Anthologia Planudea, die 1301 von dem Mönch Maximus Planudes kompiliert wurde (codex Marcianus graecus 481). Degani, Enzo (Bologna) [English version] B. Anthologia Palatina Eine Sammlung von ca. 3700 Epigrammen mit fast 23 000 Versen: in ihr kom…

[English version] [1] Marcus Epigrammatiker, 1. Jh. Epigrammdichter, höchstwahrscheinlich mit dem gleichnamigen Rhetor gleichzusetzen, der in augusteischer Zeit Schüler des Cestius Pius war und den Seneca maior als einen wortgewandten Mann mit bissigem Humor schildert (contr. 2,6,11; suas. 7,7,12 usw.). Seine 37 hauptsächlich erotisch-sympotischen Epigramme aus dem “Kranz” des Philippos sind im allg. ebenso gelungene wie elegante Variationen konventioneller Themen (bemerkenswert ist Anth. Pal. 10,4 übe…

I. Griechisch [English version] A. Anfänge Das E., das die griech. Lit. in ihrer gesamten Entwicklung begleitet (die ältesten Belege fallen mit den ersten Beispielen alphabetischer Schrift zusammen) bestand urspr. aus einer kurzen Versinschr. oder -aufschrift auf Vasen, Bechern, Weihegaben, Grabstelen, Hermen usw. Der Anlaß war immer real und konnte öffentlich oder privat sein. Das Metrum des E. war der ep. Hexameter, sporadisch in Verbindung mit einem daktylischen Pentameter, einem iambischen Trimete…

[English version] [1] Sohn des Tiber und der Manto, Gründer Mantuas Sohn des Tiber und der Manto, der Tochter des Teiresias oder des Herakles. B., auch Ocnus (Aucnus) genannt (Verg. Aen. 10,198), soll die nach seiner Mutter benannte Stadt Mantua gegründet haben. Nach anderen (Serv. Aen.) gründete B. Felsina, das spätere Bononia (Bologna); Vergil (ecl. 9,60) erwähnt das Grab von B. Bloch, René (Princeton) Bibliography F.E. Brenk, War and the shepherd. The tomb of B. in Vergil's ninth Eclogue, in: AJPh 102, 1981, 427-430. [English version] [2] Epigrammdichter Epigrammdichter des “Kra…

(Αὐτομέδων). [English version] [1] Wagenlenker des Achilleus Sohn des Diores aus Skyros (Hyg. fab. 97). Wagenlenker des Achilleus und des Patroklos (Hom. Il. 9,209; häufig in Buch 16 und 17 der Il.). Er wird als solcher oft auf Vasenbildern dargestellt. Bei Vergil (Aen. 2,476f.) wird er Wagenlenker des Neoptolemos. Seit Varro (Men. 257) wird Automedo in Rom zur Bezeichnung des verläßlichen persönlichen Wagenlenkers (z.B. Cic. S. Rosc. 98; Iuv. 1,61). Graf, Fritz (Princeton) Bibliography A. Kossatz-Deissmann, s.v.A., LIMC 3.1, 56-63. [English version] [2] Epigrammdichter, evtl…

(Ἆγις). [English version] [1] I., Eponym der Agiadai A. I., Eponym der Agiadai, Sohn des Eurysthenes und Vater des Echestratos, nach anderer Version Vater des legendären Gesetzgebers Lykurgos (Hdt. 7,204; Paus. 3,2,1). Die Einrichtung der Perioikie und der Helotie durch ihn (Ephoros, FGrH 70 F 117) ist histor. Fiktion. Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) [English version] [2] II., spartanischer König (427-400 v. Chr.) A. II., Eurypontide, spartanischer König 427/26- 400 v. Chr., Sohn des Archidamos [1] II. und Stiefbruder des Agesilaos [2] II., führte 426 und …

[1] aus Syrakus ca. 287-232 v. Chr. [English version] A. Leben A. wurde als Sohn des Astronomen Pheidias um 287 v. Chr. in Syrakus geboren. Er war mit König Hieron II. und seinem Sohn Gelon befreundet. A. lebte wahrscheinlich zeitweise in Alexandreia; den dort wirkenden Mathematikern (Konon, Dositheos, Eratosthenes) sandte er später seine Schriften zu. In Syrakus beschäftigte sich A. mit Fragen der theoretischen Mathematik und Physik, aber auch mit Anwendungen; die von ihm gebauten Maschinen und physikalis…

[German version] [1] Marcus Epigrammatic poet Writer of epigrams, probably identical with the rhetor of the same name who, in the Augustan era, was a pupil of Cestius Pius, and who is described by Seneca maior as a man of eloquence and caustic humour (contr. 2,6,11; suas. 7,7,12 etc.). Generally, his 37 mainly erotic-sympotic epigrams from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus are successful and elegant variations of conventional themes (notably Anth. Pal. 10,4 on the return of spring, cf. Leonidas, Anth. Pal. 1…

(Ἆγις; Âgis). [German version] [1] I, eponymous hero of the  Agiads A. I, eponymous hero of the  Agiads, son of Eurysthenes and father of Echestratus, according to another version father of the legendary lawgiver Lycurgus (Hdt. 7,204; Paus. 3,2,1). The institution of the perioikia and of the  Helots by him (Ephorus, FGrH 70 F 117) is historical fiction. Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) [German version] [2] II, Spartan king (427-400 BC) A. II, Eurypontid, Spartan king 427/26-400 BC, son of Archidamus [1] II and stepbrother of Agesilaus [2] II, in 426 and 425 led troo…

[German version] [1] Son of Tiber and Manto, founder of Mantua Son of the Tiber and Manto, daughter of Teiresias or Hercules. B., also named Ocnus (Aucnus) (Verg. Aen. 10,198), is said to have founded the city of Mantua and named it after his mother. According to others (Serv. Aen.) B. founded Felsina, later to become Bononia (Bologna); Virgil (Ecl. 9,60) mentions B.'s grave. Bloch, René (Berne) Bibliography F. E. Brenk, War and the shepherd. The tomb of B. in Vergil's ninth Eclogue, in: AJPh 102, 1981, 427-430. [German version] [2] Writer of epigrams in the ‘Garland’ of Philippus Writer of …

(Αὐτομέδων; Automédōn). [German version] [1] Charioteer to Achilles and Patroclus Son of Diores of Scyrus (Hyg. Fab. 97). Charioteer to Achilles and Patroclus (Hom. Il. 9,209; frequent references in books 16 and 17 of the Il.). He is often depicted in this role in vase paintings. In Virgil (Aen. 2,476f.) he is Neoptolemus' charioteer. From the time of Varro (Men. 257), in Rome automedo is used to denote the reliable personal charioteer (e.g. Cic. Rosc. Am. 98; Juv. 1,61). Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) Bibliography A. Kossatz-Deissmann, s.v. A., LIMC 3.1, 56-63. [German version] [2] Greek …

I. Greek [German version] A. Beginnings The epigram was a part of Greek literature throughout its entire history (the oldest documents coincide with the first examples of alphabetic script) and originally consisted of a short verse inscription or label on vases, cups, votive gifts, funeral steles, herms, etc. The occasion was always real and could be public or private in nature. The metre of the epigram was the epic hexameter, sporadically in combination with a dactylic pentameter, an iambic trimeter,…