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[English Version] . Die im Jahr der polit. Unabhängigkeit Indiens 1947 gegründete S.K. (Church of South India, CSI) fand als weltweit erste Vereinigung episkopaler und nicht-episkopaler Kirchen internation…

[English Version] I. Allgemeines N. ist mit ca.115 bis 120 Mio. Einwohnern der bevölkerungsreichste Staat Afrikas. Es entstand in seiner gegenwärtigen Form i.J. 1914, als die beiden Protektorate Nord- und Südnigeria unter Gouverneur Frederick vereinigt wurden. Der Name N. ist eine Fremdbez., die 1898 erstmals von der Westafrika-Expertin der Times, Flora Shaw (später: Flora Lugard), für die damals verschiedenen brit. Protektorate am Niger vorgeschlagen wurde. Der von Nordwesten einströmende Niger un…

[English Version] (New Thought Movement) ist der Sammelname für einen Strom verschiedener Lehren, denen die Bewältigung des Lebens und insbes. die Heilung von Krankheiten durch »positives Denken« gemeinsam ist (Krankheit und Heilung). Als Begründer der N. kann Phineas Parkhurst Quimby (1802–1866) gelten, der in Belfast, ME, USA, ab 1849 die sog. »Beweis-Methode« zur Krankenheilung entwickelte. Darin ging es ihm darum, den Patienten zu überzeugen, daß seine Krankheit als Folge eines Irrglaubens, gr…

[English Version] . Gruppe indischer Theologen, die durch den im Zusammenhang mit der Weltmissionskonferenz von Tambaram 1938 von D.M. Devasahayam und A.N. Sudarisanam herausgegebenen Sammelband »Rethinking Christianity in India« (1939) bekannt wurde. G.V. Job, S. Jesudasen, D.M. Devasahayam, E. Asirvatham und A.N. Sudarisanam vf. jeweils einen Art.; die meisten Beiträge schrieben die beiden miteinander verschwägerten Laientheologen Pandippedi Chenchiah (fünf) und V. Chakkarai Chetty (drei). Beide…

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[English Version] Staritz, Katharina Helena Charlotte (25.7.1903 Breslau – 3.4.1953 Frankfurt/M.), war als eine der ersten Theologinnen 1928 in der Altpreußischen Union ordiniert worden und setzte sich als Stadtvikarin von Breslau (ab November 1933) für jüd. Mitbürger ein, half diesen bei der Ausreise und rettete damit wohl über 100 Juden das Leben (Nationalsozialismus: I., 4.). Nach einem bekannt gewordenen Rundschreiben gegen den »Judenstern« vom 12.9.1941 wurde sie vom Dienst entbunden und ging …

[German Version] (Feb 6, 1814, Wörlitz – Nov 10, 1864, Erlangen). Graul studied in Leipzig (1834–1838), then taught in Italy and Dessau, before he assumed the leadership of the Evangelical-Lutheran Missionary Society in Saxony (after 1847, the Leipzig Mission). Graul journeyed to India (1849–1853, Reise nach Ostindien, 5 vols., 1854–1856). He learned Tamil and became a recognized Dravidologist ( Bibliotheca Tamulica, 4 vols., 1854–1865). Graul demanded the academic-theological training of missionaries and the establishment of indigenous …

[German Version] A group of Indian theologians that attracted attention with Rethinking Christianity in India (1939), a collection of essays edited by D.M. Devasahayam and A.N. Sudarisanam in the context of the 1938 World Missionary Conference in Tambaram. G.V. Job, S. Jesudasen, D.M. Devasahayam, E. Asirvatham and A.N. Sudarisanam each contributed an essay; most of the contributions were written by the lay theologians Pandippedi Chenchiah (five) and V. Chakkarai ¶ Chetty (three), who were related by marriage. Both were converts to Christianity from the Brahmin ca…

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[German Version] (Ger. Freimissionar), a person carrying out missionary work without ecclesial mandate. Since a comparable mission authority was lacking in German Protestantism until the founding of the Danish-Halle Mission, individually operating missionaries played an important role, as for instance J. v. Welz, who, after an unsuccessful call for mission, traveled to Surinam, and P. Heyling, who was active in Ethiopia. Duri…

[German Version] (Aug 28, 1925, Kashenje, Bukoba, Tanzania – Jul 18, 1988, Rwamishenye, Tanzania) earned a diploma at the Teachers' Training College in Tabora, worked as a teac…

[German Version] (27,834 km2) is situated in what is known as the interlake area of the central African Great Rift Valley just south of the equator. The name derives from the kingdom of Urundi, whose dynasty dates back to the 17th century. 82.9% of the approx. 6.6 million inhabitants are Hutu, 14.5% Tutsi, and 1% Twa. The dynasty of the Ganwa came from the group of Banyaruguru-Tutsi. The common language is Kirundi. The traditional religion of Burundi is characterized by faith in the divine being Imana and by the summoning of the spirit Ki…

[German Version] I. General Nigeria’s population of some 115 to 120 million makes it the most populous country in Africa. Its present boundaries date from 1914, when the two protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria were united under Governor Frederick Lugard. The name …

[German Version] Founded in the year in which India gained political independence (1947), the Church of South India (CSI) attracted considerable international attention as the first worldwide union of episcopal and non-episcopal churches. The preliminary steps were initiated in May 1919 at an Indian pastors' conference chaired by Bishop V.S. Azariah in Tranquebar, during which representatives of the Anglican Church and of the South Indian United Church (a union of presbyterian …

[German Version] New Thought is a collective term for a variety of teachings whose common element is the belief that “positive thinking” can lead to mastery of life and particularly to the healing of disease (Sickness and healing). Its genesis may be traced to Phineas Parkhurst Quimby (1802–1866), who began to develop his so-called “argumentative method” of healing in Belfast, Maine, in 1849. His approach was to convince the patients that their illnesses were the result of erroneous beliefs, groundless fears, an…

[German Version] (c. 1835/1836, Freetown, Sierra Leone – May 18, 1917, Bonny, Nigeria). Johnson was educated at Fourah Bay College and became an Anglican pastor in Freetown (1861–1874) and Lagos (1874–1891). After Bishop S.A. Crowther had been deposed (1891), Johnson did not join any of the African independent …

[German Version] (between 1883 and 1887, Abonnema, Niger delta – Nov 15, 1918, Bakana) was the founder of the first great prophetic movement in Nigeria. What he accomplished was a reinterpretation of the Christian faith. His ministry led to many conversions in southeast Nigeria. Braide, a fisherman and fishmonger, began his ecclesiastical career as a catechist…

[German Version] After early beginnings in India (the “princely states”), the British developed the classic model of indirect rule in northern Nigeria. Frederick Lugard ( The Dual Mandate, 1922) sought to use the existing emirate structures for administering the territory (co-opting local legislation, administration of justice, and collection of taxes). Dependence on the British weakened the emirs but enabled them to extend their influence to ethnic groups over which they had previously had no control, leading to conflict…

[German Version] (May 12, 1875, Zedlitz – May 22, 1955, Berlin), director of the Berlin Mission and vice-chairman of the Deutscher Evangelischer Missionsrat (DEMR). Like B. Gutmann and C. Keyßer, Knak supported a conception of mission that sought to base congregational life on the people's own customs and traditions ( Zwischen Nil und Tafelbai, 1931; Erfahrungen und Grundgedanken der deutschen evangelischen Mission, 1938). In 1933 Knak called on the church to support Hitler ( NAMZ, 1933, 401–421) and integrate missions into the Reichskirche; later, however, he opposed the “Aryan paragraph” ( Ein Wort zur Rasse…

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